Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-11-20T12:11:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FONTENELLE E SILVA_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2339486 bytes, checksum: 75123371d434b5b155701c71424671ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T12:11:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FONTENELLE E SILVA_DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2339486 bytes, checksum: 75123371d434b5b155701c71424671ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-19 / CAPES / Maria Aragão was the center of a plenty of tributes and bibliografic references, particularly in the end of 1980s and after her death, in 1991, constituting herself as one of acknowledged character of Maranhão. Such productions were developed based on the great achievements of Maria, often mentioning her simultaneous condition as a physician, "communist leader" and a well regarted person. In an attempt of staying away of these usual stance among her biographers, the present research takes, as resources and object, parts of these tributes, biographic and autobiographic references, especially those ones produced between 1988 and 1992, with the aim of analyse the construction of the memory and public identity of this figure. It is also concerned in analyse how the dispute for the (re)construction of the past of the Maranhao State were unfolded, the process that alowed her to achieve such a prestigious position and parts of the dispute that she and her biographers envolved themselves before and during the production of such documents. Therefore, the present analyses brings up considerations about trajetory of Maria Aragão; agreements, disagreements and attempts of her own world view imposition to the space in which she was identified, always respecting the relational character of these definitions, that may vary depending on the position of each agent and how are developed the symbolic exchanges involving the attempts of appropriation of her "legacy". / Maria Aragão foi alvo de uma série de homenagens e produções biográficas, em especial no final da década de 1980 e após sua morte, em 1991, constituindo-se como uma das consagradas personalidades maranhenses. Tais produções se desenvolveram em torno da afirmação das “grandezas” de Maria, geralmente apontando a sua condição concomitante de médica, “líder comunista” e pessoa com uma série de qualidades tidas como excepcionais. Afastando-se desta postura recorrente entre seus biógrafos, a presente pesquisa toma, como fonte e objeto, parte destas homenagens, produções biográficas e autobiográficas, em especial aquelas produzidas entre 1988 e 1992, com o objetivo de, a partir de tais documentos, analisar a construção da memória e identidade pública deste agente. Isto implica, também, em analisar como se desenrolaram as disputas pela (re)construção do passado recente no estado do Maranhão, os processos que possibilitaram que ela ocupasse tais posições de prestigio e parte das disputas que ela e seus biógrafos se envolveram antes e durante a produção de tais documentos. Sendo assim, a presente análise traz à tona considerações sobre a trajetória de Maria Aragão; os acordos, desacordos e tentativas de imposição de visões de mundo próprias aos espaços com os quais é identificada; atentando-se sempre para o caráter relacional destas definições, que variam a depender da posição de cada agente, e como se desenrolaram as trocas simbólicas envolvendo as tentativas de apropriação de seu “legado”.

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Background: Career ending injuries are known to cause negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in retired athletes. However, there has been a limited amount of quantitative studies to complement mostly qualitative research. Furthermore, qualitative studies have typically assessed the effects of athletic identity, mental health/mood disturbances, loss, coping mechanisms and social support with minimal research regarding physical body transitions and body-esteem throughout the retirement process. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between affective, behavioural, and cognitive outcomes and athletic retirement (voluntary, involuntary) among elite and competitive athletes. Method: A retrospective mixed method (questionnaire and interview) study was utilized to examine how participants interpreted their experience during the transitional process into retirement. Inclusion criteria consisted of male and female, elite and competitive athletes who have voluntarily or involuntarily (career ending injury) retired, ages 18 and above. Exclusion criteria included non-athletes/recreational athletes, athletes who were able to return to play or retired due to illness, health problems or deselection as well as who were less than 18 years of age. Posters were advertised in sports clubs, fitness centers, sports centers, physiotherapy offices and universities as well as on social media (Facebook and Instagram). The main outcome measures are as follows:1) Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS); 2) Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), 3) Mental Health and 4) COPE Inventory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from both retirement (voluntary and involuntary) groups. All interviews (telephone, zoom) were recorded, transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was implemented to further determine the various themes and subthemes. An independent t-test explored the impacts of body dimensions and coping mechanisms on retirement type. Then a factorial ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of the dependent variables (mental health, mood disturbances and coping mechanisms) on the main analysis (retirement) and the exploratory (strength of athletic identity) analysis. Results: 50 (26 involuntary and 24 voluntary) questionnaires and eight (four voluntary and four involuntary) interviews were completed by the participants. Results from the quantitative data revealed a borderline main effect of retirement type on both mental health and mood disturbances. An exploratory analysis found retirees who weakly identified with the athletic role were less likely to experience severe mood disturbances and demonstrated higher levels of mental health than retirees who strongly identified with the athletic role. Information from qualitative data suggested participants who involuntarily retired and possessed a strong athletic identity experienced higher levels of mood disturbances (depression, frustrations, loss etc.), lower levels of mental health, identity loss, physical discomfort, negative effects of mind and body dualism as well as utilized maladaptive coping techniques than their counterpart who voluntarily retired or weakly identified with the athletic role. Conclusion: Both retirement types are subjected to various athletic and non-athletic demands and psychosocial effects of athletic retirement however, what sets them apart from experiencing a successful or unsuccessful transition into retirement is the intensity and severity of their emotional reaction to their retirement. Limitations of said study included a decrease in sample size, memory recall bias, the participant’s own bias, limited diversity of the sample population as well as the inability to verify the findings from the interviews. The following study can be implemented to aid researchers, retired or soon to be retired athletes, coaches and athletic personnel to comprehend the diverse areas of athletic retirement. Future research should aim to investigate the impacts of mood disorders, the utilization of psychologist or mental performance consultant during the retirement process as well as the effects of body dimensions in retired athletes. Lastly, a longitudinal study should be employed to examine the athlete’s emotional response and reaction throughout retirement (time of injury, during physiotherapy, post- surgery and recovery). / Graduate