Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The use of emergency lights and sirens as warning devices by ambulances is a hotly debated topic within the Emergency Medical Services. For the last few decades, research has shown that lights and sirens have only a minimal effect on time required to transport patients to the hospital, and essentially no positive effect on patient outcome. Meanwhile, thousands of ambulance crashes occur every year (usually during the operation of lights and sirens), and its possible that's tens of thousands of crashes are occurring as a result of a passing ambulance, though not directly involving the ambulance itself. This paper is meant to provide a thorough review of the science behind the use of lights and sirens, the risks they pose to EMS providers, patients, and the public, and strategies to help curb the cost they pose both in dollars and lives. The available literature on this subject all points to the use of lights and sirens being out dated, ineffective, and dangerous, and yet almost nothing has been done to solve the problems they cause. Continued research and development is needed to help make ambulances safer for their occupants, more effective driver training programs need to be offered to EMS providers, and protocols need to be adopted to limit the unnecessary use of L&S. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Aug., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Rasmussen, Maria ; Simeral, Robert. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Outcome Based Policing, Intelligence Sharing, Terrorism Prevention, Triangle of Terrorism, Public Safety Assessment Triangle, Domestic Preparedness Performance Model Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80). Also available online.

In the United States of America today, there are concerns regarding the appropriate functioning of the police service and a lack of effective police accountability. African Americans have often been victims of unprofessional police conduct; however, their views have rarely been found adequately represented in the literature on the subject. The purpose of this case study was to fill this identified gap in the academic literature. A conceptual framework composed of the afrocentric, environmental contingency, and conflict theories was used to guide and inform this inquiry. The main research question focused on discovering which form of police oversight is seen as the most trusted, respected, and fair method of ensuring police accountability from an African American perspective in a mid-western U.S. city. Data were collected through review of pertinent documents, and through interviews and observation of 8 purposefully selected members of the African American community in the city. All data were inductively coded and then subjected to thematic analysis.The key finding of this study revealed that the most trusted, respected, and fair method of ensuring police accountability within the local African American community is a process that is not controlled only by the police. Participants consistently noted that it was their belief that an outside person, board, committee, or agency should evaluate cases of unprofessional police conduct, when appropriate. The findings of this study resulted in recommendations to the police leadership that may provide increased understanding, give a voice to this community, assist in devising good public policy, and benefit all citizens of the region.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2008. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 96 p. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marchiori_t_me_mar.pdf: 519339 bytes, checksum: a8bb2e31b536b0844fe436dfea90091b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A década de 1980 foi marcada pelos debates e práticas em torno da redemocratização do Brasil, a Constituição de 1988 representa o marco legal desse processo político. É nesse contexto de afirmação do Estado de direito, de ampliação da participação popular na gestão pública, mas também de resistência às mudanças nas instituições de controle social, que surge o Conselho Comunitário de Segurança (CONSEG). A pesquisa parte da análise da literatura recente sobre políticas locais de segurança pública, mas especificamente das pesquisas e iniciativas voltadas para avaliar o papel dos municípios na segurança. Para tanto, a pesquisa investiga se o reconhecimento do papel dos municípios na segurança pública pode representar um reforço importante na atuação e eficácia das propostas dos CONSEGs. Após os esforços de vários atores sociais, Diadema reduziu o alto índice de homicídios. Esse processo de implantação de políticas públicas, entre 1991 e 2008, é o objetivo principal de análise. O presente estudo propõe que as relações entre CONSEGs e poder público municipal são marcadas por divergências político-partidárias, mas também por convergências no modo de agir de caráter estatal com viés policial no controle do crime e dos problemas sociais. A dissertação conclui que a cidadania e comunidade são resignificadas pelos conselhos e poder público municipal, resultando em um dispositivo racional centrado no controle das condutas dos indivíduos desviantes da norma social, esse controle é marcado pelo viés policial / The 1980s were marked by debates and practices around the democratization of Brazil, the Constitution of 1988 is the legal framework of this political process. In this context of affirmation of the rule of law, increase popular participation in public management, but also of resistance to changes in the institutions of social control, it appears the Community Security Council (CONSEG). The research part of the analysis of recent literature on local public security policies, but specifically the research and initiatives aimed at assessing the role of local security. For this, the research investigates whether the recognition of the role of municipalities in public safety may represent an important enhancement in the performance and effectiveness of the proposed CONSEGs. After the efforts of various social actors, Diadema reduce the high murder rate. This process of implementation of public policies between 1991 and 2008, is the main purpose of analysis. This study suggests that the relationship between CONSEGs municipal government and are marked by partisan political differences, but also by convergences in the way of character to act with bias state police to control crime and social problems. The dissertation concludes that citizenship and community are resignified by councils and the municipal government, resulting in a device based on control of the rational behavior of individuals of deviant social norm, this control is marked by police via

Surveillance cameras are integral in assisting law enforcement by collecting video information that may help officers detect people for whom they are looking. While surveillance cameras record the area covered by the camera, unlike humans, they cannot "understand" what is happening. My research uses multiple curvilinear regression models to accurately place differentially corrected GPS points with submeter accuracy onto a camera image. Optimal results were achieved after splitting the image into four zones with the focus on calibrating each area separately. This resulted in adjusted R2 values as high as 99.8 percent, indicating that high quality GPS points can form a good manual camera calibration. To ascertain whether or not a lesser quality GPS point associated with a social media application would allow location of the person sending the message, I used an iPhone 5s to do a follow up. Using the zone-based calibration equations on GPS point locations from an iPhone 5s show that the locations collected are less accurate than differentially corrected GPS locations, but there is still a decent chance of being able to locate the correct person in an image based off that person's location. That chance, however, depends on the population density inside the image. Pedestrian density tests show that about 70-80 percent of the phone locations in a low-density environment could be used to locate the correct person that sent a message while 30-60 percent of the phone locations could be used in that manner in a high-density environment. / Master of Science

Ever since the dawn of radio communication systems, the antenna has been the key component in the construction and performance of every wireless system. With the proliferation of new radio systems, a cognitive radio is a radio that has the capability to sense, learn, and autonomously adapt to its environment. The hardware components are essential to optimizing performance. Antenna hardware for cognitive radio applications presents distinctive problems, since in theoretical terms, a cognitive radio can operate anywhere in the spectrum. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate a particular type of cognitive radio system and examine the potential affects the antenna will have on the system. The thesis will provide an overview of fundamental antenna properties, the performance characteristics of the particular antenna used in this research, and the system characteristics when the antenna is integrated. This thesis will also illustrate how the antenna and its properties affect the overall public safety cognitive radio performance. This information can be used to establish antenna selection criteria for optimum system performance. / Master of Science