ERP systems which initially were developed for manufacturing organizations have in recent years spread to public sector organization. It is put forward that public sector organization differ from private organization and this might affect how successfully an ERP system is implemented. ERP systems are rarely studied in public sector organization and few researchers have explored the fit between ERP system and organizational structures. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore what relationship that exists or do not exist between ERP system and organizational social structures in a military organization, and how this has affected the implementation and use. This is done through a qualitative case study of the Swedish Armed Forces with data from semi-structured interviews with 14 platoon commanders and 3 company commanders. The findings suggest that there is a misfit between the ERP system, PRIO, and the social structures in the organization which have made the implementation and use problematic. The technical shortcomings, such as the user interface, are not the main problem and employees might have been negative about the system anyway. This since platoon commanders and company commanders do not think platoon commanders are the best suited to do the tasks with PRIO.

The aim of the study is to study how the employees at a public sector organization have perceived the implementation of mediated communications during remote work, due to Covid-19. This studies the current situation of the transition in time which made it possible to include both the remote work and current state in which restrictions regarding remote work are lifted. This in relation to organizational culture and organizational communication. To study this, the theoretical framework of communicative figurations by Hepp and Hasebrink (2018) and organizational culture by Schein and Schein (2017) was used. Data from interviews with six employees at a public sector organization in Sweden and organizational documents was collected and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. The main result of the study is based on employees' perception. The results show that organizational culture has changed in terms of changing norms and behaviors in the organization. The implementation of digital tools and mediated communication in the organization have been perceived to increase availability and a change in how to communicate in an acceptable way. This includes both employees and leaders. Employees have perceived remote work and the technological switch in some aspect’s problematic, although to a large extent interviewees have expressed a willingness to continue working from home in the future.

In South Africa, private and public sector organizations have been experiencing conflict at an increasing rate during the past few decades and especially the last ten years. The prominence and high level with which conflict is regarded in this new democracy has made the study of this phenomenon more relevant. Especially within business organizations, between individuals, groups, and at management level, the influence of transformation and affirmative action has steadily affected interpersonal and intergroup relations. This situation makes it more difficult to handle or to manage. The lack of knowledge experienced in many business organizations causes mismanagement of conflict which eventually (directly or indirectly) affects the productivity of the employee corps and subsequently, the effectivity or profitability of the organization. The objective of this study was to establish by means of a comparative theoretical and empirical analysis, the nature, causes and handling/ management styles of conflict within a public and a private sector organization. Being respectively non-profit and profit driven organizations and having introduced affirmative action and transformation at different degrees, it was possible to evaluate the effect with regard to conflict. The research method followed in this study was both qualitative and quantitative. In the first five chapters a theoretical, qualitative approach was applied. Different theories of conflict, from the classical, neo-classical to modern systems, were analysed in order to establish sources of conflict. From this discussion, an analysis of conflict which was viewed by the theories of both Karl Marx and Ralph Dahrendorf to be a social interactive process characterized by force, strife and animosity, was accepted to form the basis of the study regarding the sources of conflict. Departing from this basis the various concepts of conflict as developed in the literature were studied in a comparative way. This was followed by a comparative analysis of conflict handling processes for which an adapted conflict process model was presented. The elements of this model form the core research of this study. Analysis of three key conflict handling style models (Thomas-Killman, ROC-II and CMS) were consequently compared to decide which one would be the most suitable for the empirical survey. The second part of this study consisted of a quantitative comparison of causes, handling styles and manifestation of conflict on an interpersonal basis within a local authority and an agricultural company. This was done by means of questionnaires containing designed variables obtained from the qualitative section of the study and a standardized section borrowed from Rahim's ROC-II model questionnaire. The descriptive statistical analysis was done with the SPSS-program in consultation with the STATCON Bureau of the Rand Afrikaans University. The empirical survey validated the viewpoints brought forward in the qualitative part of the study. By way of the results obtained from the analysis, the four hypotheses which were linked to the set objectives of the study were validated. The four hypothesis are: - A significant difference exists with regard to the causes of conflict between a local authority and agricultural organization. - A significant difference exists between employees of the local authority and the agricultural organization's perception of what effect conflict has on them. - A significant difference exists in the frequency with which different conflict-handling styles are used when compared to different background variables in both organizations. - A significant difference exists in the frequency with which different conflict-handling styles are used amongst employees of the agricultural organization and local authority Explicit findings with regard to the literature (qualitative) and empirical (quantitative) study were brought forward, and practical recommendations for management as well as recommendations for further research were made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

In South Africa, private and public sector organizations have been experiencing conflict at an increasing rate during the past few decades and especially the last ten years. The prominence and high level with which conflict is regarded in this new democracy has made the study of this phenomenon more relevant. Especially within business organizations, between individuals, groups, and at management level, the influence of transformation and affirmative action has steadily affected interpersonal and intergroup relations. This situation makes it more difficult to handle or to manage. The lack of knowledge experienced in many business organizations causes mismanagement of conflict which eventually (directly or indirectly) affects the productivity of the employee corps and subsequently, the effectivity or profitability of the organization. The objective of this study was to establish by means of a comparative theoretical and empirical analysis, the nature, causes and handling/ management styles of conflict within a public and a private sector organization. Being respectively non-profit and profit driven organizations and having introduced affirmative action and transformation at different degrees, it was possible to evaluate the effect with regard to conflict. The research method followed in this study was both qualitative and quantitative. In the first five chapters a theoretical, qualitative approach was applied. Different theories of conflict, from the classical, neo-classical to modern systems, were analysed in order to establish sources of conflict. From this discussion, an analysis of conflict which was viewed by the theories of both Karl Marx and Ralph Dahrendorf to be a social interactive process characterized by force, strife and animosity, was accepted to form the basis of the study regarding the sources of conflict. Departing from this basis the various concepts of conflict as developed in the literature were studied in a comparative way. This was followed by a comparative analysis of conflict handling processes for which an adapted conflict process model was presented. The elements of this model form the core research of this study. Analysis of three key conflict handling style models (Thomas-Killman, ROC-II and CMS) were consequently compared to decide which one would be the most suitable for the empirical survey. The second part of this study consisted of a quantitative comparison of causes, handling styles and manifestation of conflict on an interpersonal basis within a local authority and an agricultural company. This was done by means of questionnaires containing designed variables obtained from the qualitative section of the study and a standardized section borrowed from Rahim's ROC-II model questionnaire. The descriptive statistical analysis was done with the SPSS-program in consultation with the STATCON Bureau of the Rand Afrikaans University. The empirical survey validated the viewpoints brought forward in the qualitative part of the study. By way of the results obtained from the analysis, the four hypotheses which were linked to the set objectives of the study were validated. The four hypothesis are: - A significant difference exists with regard to the causes of conflict between a local authority and agricultural organization. - A significant difference exists between employees of the local authority and the agricultural organization's perception of what effect conflict has on them. - A significant difference exists in the frequency with which different conflict-handling styles are used when compared to different background variables in both organizations. - A significant difference exists in the frequency with which different conflict-handling styles are used amongst employees of the agricultural organization and local authority Explicit findings with regard to the literature (qualitative) and empirical (quantitative) study were brought forward, and practical recommendations for management as well as recommendations for further research were made. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Syftet med studien var att skapa en djupare förståelse för vad generation Z upplever som attraktivt hos en arbetsgivare och hur en mindre kommun använder sitt arbetsgivarvarumärke för att attrahera generation Z. För att uppnå syftet studerades en mindre kommun och dess HR-medarbetare om arbetet för att attrahera nya medarbetare. Vidare studerades utvalda respondenter från generation Z för att skapa en djupare förståelse för deras syn på en arbetsgivare. Avslutningsvis ämnade studien till att föra samman de två olika perspektiven och analysera detta med stöd av tidigare forskning. För att kunna besvara syftet och skapa en djupare förståelse valdes en kvalitativ metod. Empirin samlades in via individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från de två målgrupperna, generation Z och HR-medarbetare. Resultatet visar att kommunen besitter faktorer som anses vara attraktivt enligt generation Z, som exempelvis trygghet, vänlig organisationskultur och ett gott rykte. Empirin visar skillnader i vad generation Z efterfrågar och vad HR-medarbetarna anser är viktigt, skillnaden tyder på att det finns en brist på kunskap om målgruppen hos HR-medarbetarna. Vidare uppmärksammas att kommunen inte har ett strukturerat arbetssätt med sitt arbetsgivarvarumärke och resultatet tyder på att HR-medarbetarna förlitar sig på att kommunen har sitt goda rykte, stabila ekonomi och fina natur och att de därmed inte anser sig behöva en strategi för arbetsgivarvarumärket. Slutsatsen visar att kommunen har flertalet faktorer som de kan fokusera på att marknadsföra för att attrahera generation Z. Resultatet visar att det är viktigt för en mindre kommun att ha en tydlig strategi för att framgångsrikt arbeta med sitt arbetsgivarvarumärke där fokuset bör vara på att förstå målgruppen och att arbeta segmenterat för att nå ut till generation Z. Vidare tyder resultaten på att kommunen behöver se på arbetsgivarvarumärket separerat från kommunens varumärke, för att framgångsrikt marknadsföra sig som arbetsgivare. / The study aimed to create a deeper understanding of what Generation Z finds attractive in an employer and how a smaller municipality uses its employer brand to attract Generation Z. To achieve the aim a smaller municipality and its HR staff were studied about the work to attract new employees. Furthermore, selected respondents from Generation Z were studied to better understand their view of an employer. In conclusion, the study aimed to bring together the two different perspectives and analyze this with the support of previous research. To be able to answer the purpose and create a deeper understanding, a qualitative method was chosen.The experience was collected through individual semi-structured interviews with respondents from the two target groups, Generation Z and HR employees. The results show that the municipality possesses factors that are considered attractive according to Generation Z, such as security, a friendly organizational culture, and a good reputation. The empirical evidence shows differences in what Generation Z demands and what the HR employees consider important, the difference indicates that there is a lack of knowledge about the target group among the HR employees. Furthermore, it is noted that the municipality does not have a structured way of working with its employer brand, and the results indicate that the HR employees rely on the municipality's good reputation, stable economy, and beautiful nature, and that they, therefore, do not consider themselves to need a strategy for the employerbrand. The conclusion shows that the municipality has several factors that they can focus on marketing to attract Generation Z. The result shows that it is important for a smaller municipality to have a clear strategy to successfully work with its employer brand where the focus should be on understanding the target group and to work segmented to reach Generation Z. Furthermore, the results indicate that the municipality needs to look at the employer brand separately from the municipality's brand, to successfully market itself as an employer.

The thesis is called Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Financial Links in Local Public Sector. Main goal of the thesis is the appreciation of the expense effectiveness of organization established by municipal corporation. First theoretic part explains and summarizes essential characteristics of local and regional public sector, principles of municipal authorities and deals with essential document of municipal authorities {--} the budget. In the next part the thesis deals with individual kinds of public estates and forms of assurance in municipal territory. In the practical part the thesis is focused on public estate securing in social sphere by establishing a contributory organization. The analysis of particular contributory organization´s economy is performed and the steps which increase efficiency and economy of the organization´s expenses are introduced. At the end there is short summarization of practical knowledge about the way how to ensure public estates through the establishing of organizational component, its advantages, disadvantages and reasons why this form of assuring public estates is not used too much nowadays.