In this study, vibrational properties and stability of delta-Scuti like pulsating pre-main sequence stars have been investigated. Studies were held in the mass range 2-4 Mo and limited to radial linear adiabatic pulsations. Numerical computations were performed by the oscillation program written by Kirbiyik &amp / Al-Murad (1993). The models were selected to be at the latest phases of the pre-main sequence evolution where the luminosity starts to increase. We have limited our calculations upto the end of the radiative inner regions, since at the surface of the star, our adiabatic perturbation computation does not perfectly fit to the relatively thin non-adiabatic convective envelope of the star. The results of the stability analysis showed that the PMS models undergo an instability whose time period is a function of mass. Instability Strip of pulsating PMS stars was re-drawn with comparison to M. Marconi &amp / F.Palla (1998). The effect of gravitational contraction on stability was also investigated.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-195). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The dynamic response of turbine flowmeters in low pressure gas flows (i. e. where the rotational inertia of the fluid is negligible) is well understood and methods for correcting meter signals for a lack of response are available. For liquid flows there has been a limited amount of experimental work on the response of meters to step changes but no reports have been found of the response of meters to sinusoidally pulsating flows. "Small" turbine meters are expected to behave differently from "large" meters for a number of reasons: a smaller meter would generally have: (1) a larger percentage of tip clearance leakage flow; (2) less fluid momentum between the meter blading; and, (3) less fluid friction forces on the effective surface area. In this research, arbitrarily, meters up to size 25 mm were defined as small; and within this study, meters of size 6 mm to 25 mm were investigated. The aim of the research was to investigate and to understand the response of small turbine meters to pulsating liquid flows and to provide methods for correction. Three approaches were used: (1) application of an existing theoretical model of turbine meter behaviour; (2) an experimental investigation of meter performance in pulsating flows; and (3) simulation of flow behaviour through one selected meter using CFD and extending the simulation to predict the rotor dynamics and, hence, the response of this meter to specified cases of pulsating flow. A theoretical model developed by Dijstelbergen (1966) assumes frictionless behaviour and that flow is perfectly guided by meter blading through the rotor and that fluid within the rotor envelope rotates as a "solid body". Results from this theoretical model applied for pulsating flows showed that there was likely to be positive error in predicted mean flow rate (over-registration) and negative error for predicted values of the amplitude of the pulsations (amplitude attenuation). This behaviour is due to the fundamental asymmetry between flows with increasing and decreasing angle of attack relative to the meter blades, throughout a pulsation cycle. This qualitative behaviour was confirmed by experimental work with meters up to size 25mm working with pulsation frequencies up to 300 Hz. For low frequency pulsations (below 10 Hz), the over-registration errors were within the limits of specified meter accuracy. At higher frequencies and larger pulsation amplitudes, the largest over-registration observed was 5.5 % and amplitude attenuation could be as large as 90 %. The dependence of these errors on both the flow pulsation amplitude and frequency were investigated. The theoretical model was also used as a basis for generating correction procedures, to be applied to both the mean flow and the pulsation amplitude measurements. The results from the CFD simulation showed qualitative good agreement with the experimental data. The same kind of meter error trends were observed and it was shown to provide a better correlation with the experimental trends than the theoretical model derived from Dijstelbergen. From the CFD simulation, the causes of over-registration and amplitude attenuation in turbine flowmetering were understood through the investigation of rotor dynamics coupled with fluid behaviour around meter blading within the pulsation cycle. The CFD results were used to evaluate fluid angular momentum flux and to review the validity of the assumption that fluid within the rotor "envelope" rotated as a solid body. For the case investigated, whilst the assumption that flow is perfectly guided is not inappropriate, the volume of fluid assumed to rotate as a "solid body" was found to be significantly less than the rotor envelope volume.

La perturbation des écoulements au voisinage de la paroi artérielle équipée d'un stent joue un rôle prépondérant dans l'apparition et le développement des complications liées aux maladies cardiovasculaires (sténose, resténose, thrombose...). La topologie de l'écoulement dans ces régions est très complexe. En effet, au voisinage du stent, des zones de recirculation se forment en amont et aval de chaque branche et les contraintes pariétales y sont très faibles. Des études in vivo et in vitro ont mis en évidence le rôle de ces caractéristiques de l'écoulement intra-stent sur les maladies cardiovasculaires. Pour cela, la bonne estimation des contraintes pariétales et la compréhension du comportement de l'écoulement intra-stent et son rôle dans le transfert du principe actif devraient permettre d'optimiser les traitements (design de la prothèse, principe actif...). L'approche numérique est une voie très utile pour étudier ces phénomènes. Cependant, la bonne précision du calcul dépend du choix du modèle d'écoulement, des conditions aux limites, de la géométrie du stent et de l'artère pour réaliser une simulation pertinente.Nous étudions ici dans un premier temps l'effet du choix du modèle hémodynamique sur les caractéristiques de l'écoulement intra-stent. Trois modèles numériques décrivant l'écoulement coronaire ont été utilisés. Ces modèles sont : un modèle stationnaire "MP", le modèle pulsé simplifié "MPS" et le modèle pulsé complet "MPC" basé sur l'analyse de Womersley. Nous avons ainsi montré l'importance de la prise en compte de l'instationnarité de l'écoulement mais au dépens d'un temps de calcul très accru. Dans un second temps, nous étudions expérimentalement l'écoulement intra-stent en utilisant la technique de mesure "PIV". Cette étude expérimentale a permis de confirmer les résultats numériques précédents. Au final, nous examinons numériquement l'effet de la pulsatilitié de l'écoulement sur les flux massiques libérés par les faces d'une branche de stent actif. Cette étude numérique a mis en exergue l'importance du couplage entre les recirculations et le transfert de masse vers la paroi artérielle. / The disturbance of the flow in the vicinity of the arterial wall equipped with a stent plays a key role in the onset and development of complications related to cardiovascular diseases (stenosis, restenosis, thrombosis...). The topology of the flow field in the intra-stent zone is very complex. Indeed, in the vicinity of the stent, recirculation zones form upstream and downstream of the stent strut where wall shear stress is very low. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the role of the in-stent flow features on cardiovascular diseases.The correct estimation of the wall shear stress, the understanding of the behavior of the in-stent flow and its role in the transfer of the drug are expected to help optimize treatments (stent geometry, drug composition...). The numerical approach (CFD) is a useful and versatile way to study these phenomena. However, the accuracy and the relevance of the results depend on the choice of the flow model, the boundary conditions and the stent and artery geometry.Firstly we study in this work the impact of the hemodynamic model on the in-stent flow characteristics. Three numerical models describing the coronary flow are used. These models are: the steady model "MP", the simplified pulsatile model "MPS" and the complete pulsatile model "MPC" based on Womersley's analysis. We show the importance of the pulsatility of the flow but at the expense of a high increase in the computing time. Secondly we study experimentally the in-stent flow using measurement technique "PIV". This experimental study confirms the previous numerical results. Finally we examine numerically the effects of the flow pulsatility on the mass fluxes released by the faces of a drug eluting stent. This numerical study highlights the importance of the coupling between the recirculation zones and the mass transfer into the arterial wall.

Le caloduc oscillant est étudié depuis plus d'une vingtaine d'années, mais n'est utilisé, pour l'instant,que pour le refroidissement de composants électroniques. Il y a actuellement un engouement pour élargir l'utilisation de cette technologie au refroidissement d'équipements dissipatifs embarqués. Toutefois, malgré de nombreuses études expérimentales et numériques, Je comportement chaotique d'un caloduc oscillant rend difficile la prévision de son fonctionnement dans des conditions encore jamais rencontrées. Avant de pouvoir l'implémenter dans une application liée au transport, il est nécessaire de s'intéresser aux conditions sévères qu'un caloduc oscillant pourrait rencontrer dans un tel contexte.La présente étude porte sur la validation expérimentale de l'utilisation d'un caloduc oscillant sous diverses conditions sévères. Pour cela, un premier dispositif permet l'observation du comportement du caloduc oscillant lors de variations temporelles des conditions opératoires observées durant un trajet aérien type, ou durant La présence de vibrations mécaniques. Le caloduc oscillant prouve ainsi son utilisation possible dans ce contexte. Deux autres dispositifs permettent l'analyse des performances et limites de fonctionnement pour des puissances (8,4 kW) et densités de puissances thermiques (53 W/cm2) bien supérieures à ce qui est observé classiquement dans la littérature. L'eau s'est montrée le fluide. le plus propice à ces niveaux de puissances,comparée au pentane et au méthanol. Ces deux dispositifs permettent également l'observation du comportement lors d'une répartition uniforme ou non de la puissance thermique injectée sur différentes sources chaudes. Des études paramétriques ont été menées sur les différents dispositifs pour les trois fluides de travail, couplées à des visualisations infrarouges, et permettent d'approfondir la compréhension de l'influence des conditions opératoires: le taux de remplissage, la répartition de la puissance et la température de source froide influencent de façon importante non seulement les performances, mais aussi la limite d'assèchement du caloduc oscillant. / The pulsating heat pipe has been studied for more than twenty years, but is, for the time being, only used for the cooling of electronic components. Tbere is currently a keen interest in expanding the use of this technology to the cooling of embedded dissipative equipment. However, despite numerous experimental and numerical studies, the chaotic behavior of an pulsating heat pipe makes it difficult to predict its functioning under conditions never before encountered. Before being able to implement it in a transport-related application,it is necessary to consider the severe conditions that a pulsating heat pipe could encounter in such a context.The present study deals with the experimental validation of the use of a pulsating heat pipe under various severe conditions. For this purpose, a first device is made to observe the behavior of the pulsating heat pipe during temporal variations of the operating conditions observed during a typical flight or during the presence of mechanical vibrations. The pulsating heat pipe thus proves its possible use in this context. Two other devices serve the analysis of performance and operating limits for powers (8.4 kW) and heat flux densities(53 W/cm2) much higher than conventionally observed in the literature. Water is the most favorable fluid at these power levels, compared to pentane and methanol. These two devices also make it possible to observe the behavior during a uniform or non-uniform distribution of the injected thermal power on various hot sources. Parametric studies have been carried out on the various devices for the three working fluids, coupled with infrared visualizations, to deepen the understanding of the influence of the operating conditions: the filling ratio,power distribution and cold source temperature not only significantly influence performance but also the drying limit of the pulsating heat pipe.

[ES] Está fuera de toda duda que la industria del automóvil está viviendo una profunda transformación que, durante los últimos años, ha progresado a un ritmo acelerado. Debido a la crecientemente estricta regulación sobre emisiones contaminantes y la necesidad de satisfacer la siempre creciente demanda de movilidad sostenible, es necesario que los motores de combustión modernos reduzcan su consumo y emisiones manteniendo el rendimiento del motor. Para enfrentarse a este desafío, los ingenieros de investigación y desarrollo han redoblado sus esfuerzos a la hora de diseñar y mejorar los modelos unidimensionales, hasta el punto en el que el desarrollo de modelos 1D así como la simulación juegan un papel fundamental en los primeras etapas de diseño de nuevos motores y tecnologías. Al mismo tiempo, la tecnología de turbosobrealimentación se ha consolidado como una de las más efectivas a la hora de construir motores de alta eficiencia, lo que ha hecho evidente la importancia de comprender y modelar correctamente los efectos asociados a los turbogrupos. Particularmente, los fenómenos que ocurren en la turbina en condiciones de flujo fuertemente pulsante han demostrado ser complicadas de modelar y sin embargo decisivas, ya que los códigos de simulación son especialmente útiles cuando son diseñados para trabajar en condiciones realistas. Este trabajo se centra en mejorar los modelos unidimensionales actuales así como en desarrollar nuevas soluciones con el objetivo de contribuir a una mejor predicción del comportamiento de la turbina sometida a condiciones de flujo pulsante. Tanto los esfuerzos realizados en los trabajos experimentales como en los de modelado se han producido para poder proporcionar métodos que sean fáciles de adaptar a las diferentes configuraciones de turbogrupo usadas en la industria, por ello, pueden ser aplicados por ejemplo en turbinas de entrada simple y también en las cada vez más usadas turbinas de entrada doble. En cuanto al trabajo de modelado en la parte de turbina de entrada simple, el foco se ha puesto en presentar una versión mejorada de un código quasi-2D. La validación del modelo se basa en los datos experimentales que están disponibles de trabajos enteriores de la literatura, proporcionando una comparación completa entre los modelos quasi-2D y el clásico modelo 1D. La presión a la entrada y salida de la turbina se ha descompuesto en ondas que viajan hacia delante y hacia atrás por medio de la descomposición de presiones, empleando la componente reflejada y transmitida para verificar la bondad del modelo. El trabajo experimental de esta tesis se centra en desarrollar un nuevo método para ensayar cualquier turbina de doble entrada sometida a condiciones de flujo fuertemente pulsante. La configuración del banco de gas se ha diseñado para ser suficientemente flexible como para realizar pulsos en las dos ramas de entrada por separado, así como para usar condiciones de flujo caliente o condiciones ambiente con mínimos cambios en la instalación. La campaña experimental se usa para validar un modelo integrado unidimensional de turbina tipo twin scroll con especial foco en las componentes reflejada y transmitida para analizar el desempeño del modelo su capacidad de predicción de la acústica no lineal. Finalmente, después de desarrollar el trabajo experimental y de modelado, se presenta un procedimiento para caracterizar el sonido y ruido de la turbina por medio de matrices de transferencia acústica que es comparado con el código unidimensional completo. En este sentido, el método proporciona una herramienta útil y fácil de implementar para simulaciones en tiempo real que aplica de una manera práctica el trabajo de modelado expuesto a lo largo de esta tesis. / [CAT] Està fora de tot dubte que la indústria de l'automòbil està vivint una profunda transformació que, durant els últims anys, ha progressat a un ritme accelerat. A causa de la creixentment estricta regulació sobre emissions contaminants i la necessitat de satisfer la sempre creixent demanda de mobilitat sostenible, és necessari que els motors de combustió moderns reduïsquen el seu consum i emissions mantenint el rendiment del motor. Per a enfrontar-se a aquest desafiament, els enginyers de recerca i desenvolupament han redoblat els seus esforços a l'hora de dissenyar i millorar els models unidimensionals, fins al punt en el qual el desenvolupament de models 1D així com la simulació juguen un paper fonamental en les primeres etapes de disseny de nous motors i tecnologies. Al mateix temps, la tecnologia de turbosobrealimentación s'ha consolidat com una de les més efectives a l'hora de construir motors d'alta eficiència, la qual cosa ha fet evident la importància de comprendre i modelar correctament els efectes associats als turbogrupos. Particularment, els fenòmens que ocorren en la turbina en condicions de flux fortament polsant han demostrat ser complicades de modelar i no obstant això decisives, ja que els codis de simulació són especialment útils quan són dissenyats per a treballar en condicions realistes. Aquest treball se centra en millorar els models unidimensionals actuals així com a desenvolupar noves solucions amb l'objectiu de contribuir a una millor predicció del comportament de la turbina sotmesa a condicions de flux polsant. Tant els esforços realitzats en els treballs experimentals com en els de modelatge s'han produït per a poder proporcionar mètodes que siguen fàcils d'adaptar a les diferents configuracions de turbogrupo usades en l'indústria, per això, poden ser aplicats per exemple en turbines d'entrada simple i també en les cada vegada més usades turbines d'entrada doble. Pel que fa al treball de modelatge en la part de turbina d'entrada simple, el focus s'ha posat a presentar una versió millorada d'un codi quasi-2D. La validació del model es basa en les dades experimentals que estan disponibles de treballs anteriors de la literatura, proporcionant una comparació completa entre els models quasi-2D i el clàssic model 1D. La pressió a l'entrada i eixida de la turbina s'ha descompost en ones que viatgen cap avant i cap enrere per mitjà de la descomposició de pressions, emprant la component reflectida i transmesa per a verificar la bondat del model. El treball experimental d'aquesta tesi se centra en desenvolupar un nou mètode per a assajar qualsevol turbina de doble entrada sotmesa a condicions de flux fortament pulsante. La configuració del banc de gas s'ha dissenyat per a ser prou flexible com per a realitzar polsos en les dues branques d'entrada per separat, així com per a usar condicions de flux calent o condicions ambient amb mínims canvis en la instal·lació. La campanya experimental s'usa per a validar un model integrat unidimensional de turbina tipus twin-scroll amb especial focus en les components reflectida i transmesa per a analitzar l'acompliment del model la seua capacitat de predicció de l'acústica no lineal. Finalment, després de desenvolupar el treball experimental i de modelatge, es presenta un procediment per a caracteritzar el so i soroll de la turbina per mitjà de matrius de transferència acústica que és comparat amb el codi unidimensional complet. En aquest sentit, el mètode proporciona una eina útil i fàcil d'implementar per a simulacions en temps real que aplica d'una manera pràctica el treball de modelatge exposat al llarg d'aquesta tesi. / [EN] It is beyond all doubt that the automotive industry is living a deep transformation that, during the last years, has progressed at an ever accelerating rate. Due to the increasingly stringent pollutant emission regulations and the necessity to fulfil an ever growing demand for sustainable mobility, the modern internal combustion engines are required to strongly reduce the fuel consumption and emissions, while keeping the engine performance. In order to confront this challenge, engine research and development engineers have redoubled their efforts in designing and improving one-dimensional codes, to the point that the development of 1D models and simulation campaigns play a major role in the early steps of designing new engines or technologies. At the same time as the turbocharging technology has arisen as one of the most effective and extended solutions for building high efficient engines, the importance of understanding and modelling correctly the turbocharger effects has become evident. In particular, the phenomena that occurs in the turbine under highly pulsating conditions have proven to be challenging to model and yet decisive, as simulation codes are especially useful when they are designed to work under realistic conditions. This work focusses on the improvement of current one-dimensional models as well as in the development of new solutions with the aim of contributing to a better prediction of the turbine performance under pulsating conditions. Both experimental and modelling efforts have been made in order to provide methods that are easily adaptable to different turbocharger configurations used in the industry, so they can be applied for example in single turbines and also in the increasingly used two-scroll turbine technology. Regarding the modelling work of the single entry turbine part, the work has been focused in presenting an improved version of a quasi-2D code. The validation of the model is based on the experimental data available from previous works of the literature, providing a complete comparison between the quasi-2D and a classic 1D model. By means of a pressure decomposition, the pressure at the turbine inlet and outlet has been split into forward and backward travelling waves, employing the reflected and transmitted components to verify the goodness of the model. The experimental work of the thesis is centred in developing a new method in order to test any two-scroll turbine under highly pulsating flow conditions. The gas stand setup has been designed to be flexible enough to perform pulses in both inlet branches separately as well as to use hot or ambient conditions with minimal changes in the installation. The experimental campaign is used to fully validate an integrated 1D twin-scroll turbine model with special focus in the reflected and transmitted components for analysing the performance of the model and its non-linear acoustics prediction capabilities. Finally, after the experiment and modelling work is developed, a procedure to characterise the turbine sound and noise by means of acoustic transfer matrices is presented and tested against the fully one-dimensional code. In this sense, this method provides a useful and easily-implementable tool for fast and real time simulations that applies in a practical way the modelling work exposed along this thesis. / Soler Blanco, P. (2020). Simulation and modelling of the performance of radial turbochargers under unsteady flow [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/141609 / TESIS

White goods companies strive continuously to upgrade their dishwashers. Lately a technique with pulsating spray pressure has appeared on the market. According to previous studies there is a direct correlation between the spray pressure and the cleaning performance. The same study also shows an opposite correlation between rotational speed of the washing arms and cleaning performance.  The purpose of this study is to investigate how pulsating spray pressure impacts the dishwasher’s performance. This is done by answering the questions how pulsating spray pressure impacts cleaning performance, the circulation pump’s electricity consumption, the water consumption and noise level. One more part of the goal is to give advice for further studies of pulsating spray pressure in dishwashers.  This is an experimental study where 6 different variants of pulsating spray pressure where compared against a reference case with constant spray pressure. The pulsation variants examined in the study differed in in the range of the rpm, the time for one pulsation cycle, and how long the rpm where kept constant at the outer position. All tests where done with a prototype of model Asko DB12441B. The cleaning performance where evaluated by photographing the dishes before and after the washing program and analyzing the pictures in computer programs. The electricity consumption was measured by logging the effect use of the pump every second. The water consumption was measured by adding or subtracting 1 dl water to the dishwasher manually. Both the maximum and average generation of noise was detected when the noise level was measured.  The result shows that pulsating spray pressure increased the cleaning performance for the lower basket, but not in the upper basket. With pulsating spray pressure, the electricity consumption could be lowered in all operating cases except one. No further addition of dish water was needed for pulsating spray pressure, with the measurement accuracy used in the experiments. The noise level was higher in all investigated operating cases with pulsating spray pressure.

Un caloduc pulsé diphasique est un lien thermique composé d'un tube capillaire lisse sous forme de serpentin reliant un évaporateur à un condenseur, séparés par une partie adiabatique. Les conditions de température et de pression du fluide à l'intérieur du caloduc sont proches des conditions de changement de phase. De ce fait, et grâce aux dimensions capillaires du tube, le fluide se distribue en différentes parties liquide et vapeur distribuées de manière alternée. Les instabilités thermo-hydrauliques permanentes sont à l'origine d'un écoulement oscillant qui permet le transfert de chaleur de l'évaporateur jusqu'au condenseur.L'objectif du présent projet de recherche consiste à étudier le comportement thermo-hydraulique de trois caloducs cryogéniques pulsés diphasiques testés avec différents fluides cryogéniques (azote, néon et argon) pour le refroidissement d'aimants à haute température critique. De plus, un code numérique a été développé pour les futures simulations 2D des caloducs pulsés diphasiques.Au cours de ce projet de recherche, de nombreux tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés avec trois fluides cryogéniques différents: azote, néon et argon. Les résultats expérimentaux des tests avec une augmentation de puissance progressive dans l'évaporateur ont révélé des capacités de transfert thermiques très différentes en fonction du fluide, chaque fluide présentant un comportement thermo-hydraulique différent. L'état thermodynamique du fluide lors du fonctionnement stable du PHP et la phase d'assèchement (dry-out) ont été étudiés. Les différences dans le comportement des différents fluides ont été expliquées après l'analyse de leurs propriétés physiques. De plus, les taux de remplissage de fluide dans le PHP donnant les meilleures performances thermiques ont été définis. Ajouté à cela, de nombreux tests réalisés en configuration ouverte (avec le PHP connecté au volume tampon) et en configuration fermé (avec le PHP isolé du volume tampon) ont permis de conclure sur la capacité de régulation du volume tampon en cas de surpression dans le PHP. Aussi, les résultats expérimentaux des longs tests de stabilité ont permis de vérifier la stabilité du système PHP pendant des longues périodes de fonctionnement. Par ailleurs, des tests spécifiques ont été réalisés pour déterminer des conditions optimales de démarrage, l'influence de la température du condenseur dans les performances thermiques du système et l'influence du nombre de tubes en parallèle dans la capacité de transfert thermique du système. Finalement, une série de tests avec une forte puissance thermique imposée au niveau de l'évaporateur imitant une situation de quench dans un aimant supraconducteur ont données des précieuses informations sur les limites thermiques du système. Concernant les simulations numériques, un modèle a été développé avec le solveur Fluent pour des simulations dans une géométrie 2D axisymétrique en utilisant la méthode VOF. La dynamique du fluide dans un tube capillaire a été modélisée et les simulations thermiques ont permis de conclure que les instabilités thermodynamiques restent insuffisantes pour maintenir les oscillations du fluide. Ce modèle est présenté comme une nouvelle plateforme pour de futures modélisations 2D des caloducs pulsés diphasiques. / A pulsating (or oscillating) heat pipe (PHP or OHP) is a heat transfer device composed of a single capillary tube bent in many U-turns, connecting an evaporator to a condenser, separated by an adiabatic part. In the PHP, temperature and pressure conditions of the working fluid are close to phase-change conditions. Due to this and to the capillary dimensions of the tube, the fluid is distributed in alternating liquid slugs and vapor plugs. Permanent thermal instabilities in the PHP create the oscillating flow which allows the transfer of heat from one end (the evaporator) to the other (the condenser).The objective of the present work consists in characterizing the thermo-hydraulic behavior of the meter-scale horizontal cryogenic pulsating heat pipes as a cooling solution for space superconducting magnets. To this, several experiments have been conducted in a cryogenic facility containing three different horizontal pulsating heat pipes. In addition, a numerical 2D model has been proposed for future horizontal pulsating heat pipes simulations.During the research project, numerous tests have been performed using three different working fluids: nitrogen, neon and argon. From experimental results of progressive heat load tests it has been possible to compare the maximum heat load transfer capacity of the PHP with each fluid and the corresponding thermal performance. It has also been noticed that each fluid presents a specific behavior concerning the fluid oscillations. In addition, the thermodynamic state of the fluid in operating conditions and the dry-out process have been characterized. Differences between fluid's behaviors have been partly explained by analyzing the evolution of the fluid physical properties related to the movement and the heat transfer capacity. Furthermore, it has been possible to conclude about the relation between the liquid filling ratio in the PHP and its thermal performance, determining the filling ratios giving the highest thermal performances. Moreover, similar tests have been performed in open configuration (with the PHP connected to the buffer volume) and closed configuration (with the PHP isolated from the buffer volume). From this, it has been possible to conclude about the regulation made by the buffer volume in case of overpressure in the PHP. Also, experimental results from long stability tests have confirmed that these pulsating heat pipe are able to work in stable conditions during long periods as a reliable cooling system. In addition to that, specific tests have been done to determine the optimum start-tup conditions, the influence of the temperature of the condenser in the thermal performance and the influence of the number of turns in the global heat transfer capacity. A final series of tests have been achieved with a sudden extra heat load at the surface of the evaporator while the PHP is operating in stable conditions, simulating a quench event of a superconducting magnet. Experimental results gave us precious information about the transient thermal behavior and operating limits of this kind of device during transient heat loads like quench situations. Concerning the numerical part, a numerical model has been proposed for transient simulations with a pressure-based Fluent solver using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method in a 2D axisymmetric geometry. Certain characteristics of fluid dynamics in capillary tubes have been confirmed. It has also been noticed that thermodynamic instabilities are not enough to generate the fluid oscillations in capillary tubes. Even if the 2D axisymmetric simulation is still at its early stages, several aspects of the models have been validated after analyzing the evolution of different parameters, suggesting that this kind of model can be considered as a new platform for future 2D pulsating heat pipes simulations.

Switched reluctance motor(SRM)drives are favored in many industrial applications because of their cost advantage and ruggedness. However, the torque ripple and bus current ripple of SRM restrict its application range  compared with traditional AC and DC motors due to the doubly salient pole structure and the highly non-linear coupling between torque, rotor position and phase current. As a result of the torque ripple on the shaft, unwilling large acoustic noises are generated. The large current ripple at the DC bus input requires large electrolytic capacitors for attenuation. However, electrolytic capacitors are of low reliability, which will reduce the duration of the control system. Because of these disadvantages, the acceptance of SRM by the industry, especially in servo-type applications which require stationary torque at low speed, is quite slow. In order to obtain high quality control, there have been many efforts in developing techniques for torque ripple attenuation. Primarily, two approaches are used to give a smooth torque. One is to improve the magnetic design, the other is to use sophisticated control techniques. Some torque control techniques have been proved to obtain a relatively good performance by simulations and experimental results. This thesis gives an alternative torque ripple minimization technique. Simulations and Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of this new control scheme. Under this new control scheme, the current controller are much easier to be designed under high speed application, which could be an advantage of it. First, the SRM operating principle is presented. The torque of SRM is produced by the tendency of its moveable part shifting to a position where the inductance of the exited winding is maximized. The torque ripple origin is discussed in terms of both magnetization and control. The torque ripple is produced during phase commutation interval because the phase current cannot rise from zero to the nominal value instantaneously due to the existence of the phase inductance. Second, a new torque control scheme is proposed. The new torque control of SRM is split into two cascade sub-tasks. At first, a current reference for ripple free torque is determined. Then a current controller is designed to regulate the current in the stator winding to reference value. Simulations are conducted to verify the effective of this torque control scheme in both ideal 'sinusoidal' SRM and a 'Pseudo-Sinusoidal' SRM. Finally, a motor drive control system is built to implement the new control scheme. The motor is tested under different speeds to see the torque ripple produced in different speed ranges. As a conclusion, the new control algorithm for constant torque and damped input bus current ripple is investigated. The advantages of this new torque control method are listed in the paper. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this new control method. / Master of Science