Níveis elevados de proteína bruta (PB) na dieta de ruminantes têm sido associado com comprometimento na fertilidade devido, principalmente, a elevação da concentração do nitrogênio uréico plasmático (NUP). Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de dietas contendo nitrogênio não-protéico (NNP) sem prévia adaptação, durante curto espaço de tempo e em diferentes fases do ciclo estral, a fêmeas bovinas superovuladas quanto à produção, qualidade e ao grau de desenvolvimento de embriões recuperados. Sessenta e oito vacas da raça Nelore com escore corporal de 7,56 e peso médio de 557,6 kg foram distribuídas em três tratamentos: controle (C), uréia antes do dia 0 (UA; fornecimento de dieta com uréia do dia -5 ao dia 0) e uréia depois do dia 0 (UD; fornecimento de dieta com uréia do dia 0 ao dia 5). As vacas foram mantidas em piquetes com pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e receberam diariamente, 3,0 kg/animal de concentrado durante 16 dias. Foram formulados dois concentrados, sendo que as dietas totais (concentrado + consumo estimado de pastagem) continham 12,0% (dieta controle) e 14,6% de PB (dieta com NNP). A diferença na PB entre as dietas foi o acréscimo de 100g/vaca/dia de uréia. Os animais foram sincronizados, superovulados e inseminados. Sete dias (dia 7) após a inseminação (dia 0), realizou-se a colheita e análise dos embriões quanto à qualidade a ao grau de desenvolvimento. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias -5, 0 e 5 para mensurações das concentrações de NUP, glicose, insulina e progesterona. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre a concentração médias de NUP no dia -5 (C = 16,18ab, UA = 17,72a e UD = 14,47b mg/dL; P = 0,0007), no dia 0 (C = 18,95b, UA = 22,71a e UD = 21,15 ab mg/dL; P = 0,0010) e no dia 5 (C = 20,93a, UA = 19,08b e UD = 21,51a mg/dL; P = 0,0022). Quanto às concentrações de glicose, insulina e progesterona não houve efeito dos tratamentos. Não houve efeito significativo nem da inclusão da uréia e nem do momento da inclusão da uréia sobre o total de estruturas recuperadas, total de estruturas fecundadas e de embriões viáveis. Porém, houve efeito do momento de inclusão da uréia sobre a porcentagem de estruturas fecundadas em relação ao total de estruturas recuperadas (UA = 75,3 vs. UD = 50,7%) e sobre a porcentagem de embriões viáveis em relação ao total de estruturas recuperadas (UA = 73,2 vs. UD = 39,4%). O tratamento UD acarretou em menor capacidade de fecundação do oócito em relação ao tratamento UA, havendo redução de aproximadamente 32,7% na proporção de oócitos fecundados sobre o total de estruturas recuperadas deste tratamento. / High levels of crude protein (CP) in ruminant diets were associated with detrimental effect on fertility, mainly, due to the rise of plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of short term non-protein nitrogen feeding at different periods of the oestrus cycle in superovulated cows without previous adaptation on yield, quality and development degree of recovered embryos. Sixty eight Nelore cows with body condition score of 7.56 and body weight of 557.6 kg were divided in three different groups: control (C), urea before day 0 (UB; urea supply from day -5 to day 0) and urea after day 0 (UA; urea supply from day 0 to day 5). Animals were grazing in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture and received 3.0 kg/animal/day of concentrate during 16 days. Two concentrates were formulated and the total diets (concentrate + estimate forage intake) had 12.0% (control diet) and 14.6% of CP (NPN diet). The difference in CP between diets was the addition of 100g/cow/day of urea. Animals were synchronized, superovulated and inseminated. The embryos were collected seven days (day 7) after insemination (day 0) and quality and development degree were also evaluated. Blood samples were collected on day -5, 0 and 5 for measurement of PUN, glucose, insulin and progesterone. There was significant effect of treatments on average PUN concentration at day -5 (C = 16.18ab, UB = 17.72a and UA = 14.47b mg/dL; P = 0.0007), at day 0 (C = 18.95b, UB = 22.71a and UA = 21.15ab mg/dL; P = 0.0010) and at day 5 (C = 20.93a, UB = 19.08b and UA = 21.51a mg/dL; P = 0.0022). For glucose, insulin and progesterone there was no effect of treatments. It was observed neither effect of urea inclusion nor the moment of urea inclusion in diet on the total number of recovered structures, total number of fertilized structures and total number of viable embryos. However, it was observed effect of the moment of urea inclusion on the rate of fertilized structures in relation to the total number of recovered structures (UB = 75.3 vs. UA = 50.7%) and on the rate of viable embryos in relation to the total number of recovered structures (UB = 73.2 vs. UA = 39.4%). The UA treatment lead to lowest fertilizing oocyte capacity in relation to UB treatment with an approximate reduction of 32.7% on oocytes fertilized proportion over the total recovered structures in this treatment.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design

Níveis elevados de proteína bruta (PB) na dieta de ruminantes têm sido associado com comprometimento na fertilidade devido, principalmente, a elevação da concentração do nitrogênio uréico plasmático (NUP). Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de dietas contendo nitrogênio não-protéico (NNP) sem prévia adaptação, durante curto espaço de tempo e em diferentes fases do ciclo estral, a fêmeas bovinas superovuladas quanto à produção, qualidade e ao grau de desenvolvimento de embriões recuperados. Sessenta e oito vacas da raça Nelore com escore corporal de 7,56 e peso médio de 557,6 kg foram distribuídas em três tratamentos: controle (C), uréia antes do dia 0 (UA; fornecimento de dieta com uréia do dia -5 ao dia 0) e uréia depois do dia 0 (UD; fornecimento de dieta com uréia do dia 0 ao dia 5). As vacas foram mantidas em piquetes com pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e receberam diariamente, 3,0 kg/animal de concentrado durante 16 dias. Foram formulados dois concentrados, sendo que as dietas totais (concentrado + consumo estimado de pastagem) continham 12,0% (dieta controle) e 14,6% de PB (dieta com NNP). A diferença na PB entre as dietas foi o acréscimo de 100g/vaca/dia de uréia. Os animais foram sincronizados, superovulados e inseminados. Sete dias (dia 7) após a inseminação (dia 0), realizou-se a colheita e análise dos embriões quanto à qualidade a ao grau de desenvolvimento. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias -5, 0 e 5 para mensurações das concentrações de NUP, glicose, insulina e progesterona. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre a concentração médias de NUP no dia -5 (C = 16,18ab, UA = 17,72a e UD = 14,47b mg/dL; P = 0,0007), no dia 0 (C = 18,95b, UA = 22,71a e UD = 21,15 ab mg/dL; P = 0,0010) e no dia 5 (C = 20,93a, UA = 19,08b e UD = 21,51a mg/dL; P = 0,0022). Quanto às concentrações de glicose, insulina e progesterona não houve efeito dos tratamentos. Não houve efeito significativo nem da inclusão da uréia e nem do momento da inclusão da uréia sobre o total de estruturas recuperadas, total de estruturas fecundadas e de embriões viáveis. Porém, houve efeito do momento de inclusão da uréia sobre a porcentagem de estruturas fecundadas em relação ao total de estruturas recuperadas (UA = 75,3 vs. UD = 50,7%) e sobre a porcentagem de embriões viáveis em relação ao total de estruturas recuperadas (UA = 73,2 vs. UD = 39,4%). O tratamento UD acarretou em menor capacidade de fecundação do oócito em relação ao tratamento UA, havendo redução de aproximadamente 32,7% na proporção de oócitos fecundados sobre o total de estruturas recuperadas deste tratamento. / High levels of crude protein (CP) in ruminant diets were associated with detrimental effect on fertility, mainly, due to the rise of plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of short term non-protein nitrogen feeding at different periods of the oestrus cycle in superovulated cows without previous adaptation on yield, quality and development degree of recovered embryos. Sixty eight Nelore cows with body condition score of 7.56 and body weight of 557.6 kg were divided in three different groups: control (C), urea before day 0 (UB; urea supply from day -5 to day 0) and urea after day 0 (UA; urea supply from day 0 to day 5). Animals were grazing in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture and received 3.0 kg/animal/day of concentrate during 16 days. Two concentrates were formulated and the total diets (concentrate + estimate forage intake) had 12.0% (control diet) and 14.6% of CP (NPN diet). The difference in CP between diets was the addition of 100g/cow/day of urea. Animals were synchronized, superovulated and inseminated. The embryos were collected seven days (day 7) after insemination (day 0) and quality and development degree were also evaluated. Blood samples were collected on day -5, 0 and 5 for measurement of PUN, glucose, insulin and progesterone. There was significant effect of treatments on average PUN concentration at day -5 (C = 16.18ab, UB = 17.72a and UA = 14.47b mg/dL; P = 0.0007), at day 0 (C = 18.95b, UB = 22.71a and UA = 21.15ab mg/dL; P = 0.0010) and at day 5 (C = 20.93a, UB = 19.08b and UA = 21.51a mg/dL; P = 0.0022). For glucose, insulin and progesterone there was no effect of treatments. It was observed neither effect of urea inclusion nor the moment of urea inclusion in diet on the total number of recovered structures, total number of fertilized structures and total number of viable embryos. However, it was observed effect of the moment of urea inclusion on the rate of fertilized structures in relation to the total number of recovered structures (UB = 75.3 vs. UA = 50.7%) and on the rate of viable embryos in relation to the total number of recovered structures (UB = 73.2 vs. UA = 39.4%). The UA treatment lead to lowest fertilizing oocyte capacity in relation to UB treatment with an approximate reduction of 32.7% on oocytes fertilized proportion over the total recovered structures in this treatment.

Esta tesis doctoral pretende aportar nuevas perspectivas sobre el valor del juego en la obra del escritor cubano Guillermo Cabrera Infante al tener en cuenta un corpus extenso, ínfimamente estudiado hasta el momento, que comprende tanto su obra póstuma –La ninfa inconstante (2008), Cuerpos Divinos (2010) y Mapa dibujado por un espía (2013)– como La Habana para un infante difunto (1979) –carente de investigaciones actualizadas– y Exorcismos de esti(l)o (1976) –prácticamente relegado al olvido por su complejidad e incomprensión–. Recurriendo metodológicamente a disciplinas tan diversas como la psicocrítica, la mitocrítica, la teoría de los juegos, la filosofía del lenguaje, la semiótica, la transtextualidad, la teoría de la recepción y al concepto de transferencia cultural, se ha analizado la particular construcción del juego de Cabrera Infante como proyecto existencial y las razones que lo motivaron a recurrir a las técnicas de composición de la ‘Patafísica y el OuLiPo para lograr sus objetivos.Cette thèse de doctorat vise à apporter de nouvelles perspectives sur la valeur du jeu dans le travail de l'écrivain cubain Guillermo Cabrera Infante en prenant en compte un large corpus, très peu étudié jusqu’à présent, comprenant son œuvre posthume – La ninfa inconstante (2008), Cuerpos Divinos (2010) et Mapa dibujado por un espía (2013) –, ainsi que La Habana para un infante difunto (1979) – qui souffre d’une absence de recherches récentes– et Exorcismos de esti(l)o (1976) – presque totalement relégué dans l’oubli à cause de sa complexité, qui a mené à son incompréhension –. Utilisant méthodologiquement des disciplines aussi diverses que la psychocritique, la mythocritique, la théorie des jeux, la philosophie du langage, la sémiotique, la transtextualité, la théorie de la réception et le concept de transfert culturel, il a été possible d’analyser la construction particulière du jeu de Cabrera Infante comme projet existentiel et les raisons qui l'ont motivé à se servir des techniques de composition de la ‘Pataphysique et de L'OuLiPo pour atteindre ses objectifs. / Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

abstract: A mule deer herd exists on the northern rim of the Grand Canyon, located on the North Kaibab Plateau. Historical references to this indigenous mule deer herd presented reports of periodic population irruption and collapse. Partially funded by the Arizona Game and Fish Department and the Arizona Deer Association, examination of herd nutritional and metabolic status from the Fall 2005 - Spring 2008 was completed at the request of AzGFD and ADA. Habitat analysis included forage micro-histological, protein, and caloric content plus whole blood and plasma assays gauging herd metabolic response. Modelling was completed using best management practices wildlife energy demand calculations and principal component analysis. Forage quality analysis and modelling suggest a sufficient amount of nitrogen (N) available (DPI) to the deer for protein synthesis. Energy analysis (MEI) of forage suggest caloric deficiencies are widely prevalent on the north Kaibab plateau. Principal component analysis integrates forage and metabolic results providing a linear regression model describing the dynamics of forage utilization, energy availability, and forage nitrogen supply with metabolic demand and response of the mule deer herd. Most of the plasma and blood metabolic indicators suggest baseline values for the North Kaibab mule deer. Albumin values are in agreement with albumin values for mule deer in the Southwest. I suggest that the agreed values become a standard for mule deer in the Southwestern U.S. As excess dietary N is converted to a caloric resource, a continual state of under-nutrition exists for the deer upon entering the N. Kaibab winter range. The population is exceeding the nutritional resource plane that the winter habitat provides. Management recommendations include implementation of multiple small-scale habitat rehabilitation efforts over time, including invasive juniper (Juniperous osteosperma) and piñon (Pinus edulis) management, prescribed burning to control big sage (Artemesia tridentata) populations, and reseeding treated areas with a seed mix of native shrubs, grasses and forbs. I recommended that the population size of the North Kaibab deer herd is maintained at the current size with natural selection controlling growth, or the population be artificially reduced through increased hunting opportunities. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Environmental Design and Planning 2014

Language play has an important position in the use of language. Cook (in Lucas, 2005) makes the argument that language play is even one of the primary uses of language. Partly due to the focus on research in second language learning, advanced L2 users’ language processing gets little attention in research on language use (Shaw & McMillion, 2008). Therefore, there is limited knowledge regarding the reading processes of this group.  While Shaw and McMillion (2008) show that there is no difference in language proficiency between L1 and advanced L2 readers, Paradis (2009) argues that there indeed is a difference in processing among L1 and advanced L2 speakers. Gernsbacher and Robertson (1995) examined the differences in processing between more and less skilled L1 readers using ambiguous words and puns. However, this kind of research has not been done for L1 and advanced L2 readers.  A study concerning the speed and ability in pun recognition was carried out to investigate whether any differences could be found between L1 and advanced L2 readers, with the same language proficiency. Tests in accuracy and speed in recognizing puns were carried out with university students in Stockholm and Los Angeles, while a survey investigating degree of amusement was distributed online.  Initial hypotheses assumed that L1 readers, compared to L2 readers, would be both more skilled and faster at identifying a number of categories of puns as well as perceiving all categories of puns as being more amusing. Results show support for some of these hypotheses: L1 speakers were faster and more accurate in finding certain categories of puns. However, other categories showed no difference, and results were not able to prove differences in degree of amusement between the two groups. Questions about other categorizations of puns are raised, as well as further research opportunities.

Cette thèse propose une analyse de l’expression figée en tant que signe linguistique complexe, stable, variable et dynamique et en tant que problème de traduction à partir d’un corpus composé d’œuvres littéraires contemporaines françaises et de leurs traductions serbes. Le discours met en évidence la distance entre la signification du modèle et le sens de l’expression figée sémantiquement accomplie imbriquée dans le texte, dont l’une des réalisations est le défigement qui, lui, ne consiste simplement pas à renverser les critères syntaxiques, mais à élaborer un nouveau signifié de synthèse au service des stratégies discursives de l’énonciateur. Ce travail identifie les mécanismes linguistiques propres à l’expression figée et incontournables dans l’acte de traduire, ainsi que les incompatibilités entre les problèmes de sa traduction et certaines propriétés qui lui sont attribuées. Les problèmes que pose la traduction de l’expression figée dans le texte littéraire, dont elle façonne la progression narrative, excèdent la dichotomie entre la solution éthique et la solution ethnologique. Ils relèvent de la façon dans le locuteur établit le lien entre la conceptualisation inhérente à l’expression figée, elle-même construite sur la base des concepts préexistants - d’où l’image mentale et la charge connotative -, et la réalité à laquelle il l’applique. Sa traduction, eu égard à sa complexité pragma-sémantique, exige forcément une approche sourcière dans la phase interprétative et une solution cibliste. / This thesis proposes an analysis of a phraseme as a complex, stable, variable and dynamic linguistic sign, and as a translation problem based on a corpus of contemporary French literature and its Serbian translations. The discourse highlights the distance between the meaning of a model and the meaning of a phraseme that is semantically accomplished and embedded in a text. One of its possible realizations is a pun that does not only consist in transgressing the syntactic criteria but in developing a new global signified, serving the speaker’s discursive strategies. This work identifies linguistic mechanisms specific to lexical frozenness that are inevitable in the act of translation, and incompatibilities between the problems of translation and properties of a given phraseme. Its translation problems in a literary text, whose narrative progression it shapes, exceed the dichotomy between a domesticated translation and a foreignized translation. Translation problems result from the way in which the speaker establishes the link between the conceptualization inherent to a phraseme, built itself on the basis of pre-existing concepts - hence the mental image and the connotative surplus value - and the reality to which the speaker applies it. Its translation, given its pragma-semantic complexity, necessarily requires a source-oriented approach in the interpretative phase and a target-oriented solution.

Dans le parler des jeunes du Mexique, on retrouve, entre autres formes de vitalité linguistique, un usage fréquent de jeux phoniques qui transforment ou substituent des lexèmes et syntagmes sans qu'il y ait altération significative du signifié. Ce phénomène linguistique utilise trois procédés phoniques: la suffixation parasitaire, la substitution lexicale basée sur la similitude phonique et l'enchaînement en écho. Le présent mémoire contribue à remplir un vide dans la littérature scientifique et faire connaître ce phénomène peu étudié en explorant les aspects formels linguistiques et les fonctions sociales. Nous cherchons à établir les relations qui existent entre la structure linguistique et les fonctions linguistiques et sociales inhérentes à l'usage de jeux phoniques. L'étude empirique menée dans la ville de Puebla (Mexique) a permis la collecte d'un corpus de plus de deux cents jeux phoniques et la réalisation d'entrevues sociolinguistiques avec dix-huit jeunes de Puebla usagers des expressions étudiées. Nous proposons une classification du corpus de jeux phoniques basée sur la structure formelle afin d'apprécier que le phénomène réponde à des patrons fixes de construction. Suite à une analyse thématique des entrevues que nous appuyons d'exemples de jeux phoniques, nous verrons que l'usage de jeux phoniques joue principalement une fonction poétique, ludique ainsi qu'une fonction de cohésion sociale et une fonction identitaire. La présente étude confirme que le caractère non normatif et cryptique intrinsèque aux jeux de mots sert à renforcer ces fonctions sociales, à la manière d'un parler argotique. / In the youth speech of Mexico a frequent use of phonic wordplays that transform or substitute lexemes and phrases without significant alteration of the signifier are found among linguistic vitality signs. This linguistic phenomenon uses three phonic techniques: parasitic suffixation, lexical substitution based on phonic similarity and echo chaining. This report contributes by filling a void in the scientific literature and to expose this overlooked phenomenon by exploring its formal linguistic aspects and social functions. The aim of this study is to establish the relationship between linguistic structure and linguistic and social functions inherent to phonic wordplay use. The empiric study conducted in Puebla (Mexico) allowed the collection of a corpus of more than two hundred phonic wordplays and the realization of sociolinguistic interviews with eighteen Puebla youth, who employ the studied expressions. This work proposes a classification of the corpus based on their formal structure in order to highlight that the phenomenon conforms to fixed patterns of construction. After a thematic analysis of the interviews, with an emphasis on phonic wordplay examples, we observe that the use of phonic wordplays mainly accomplishes poetic and ludic, as well as social cohesion and identity functions. This study confirms that the non-normative and cryptic characteristics intrinsic to phonic wordplays help to reinforce the aforementioned social functions as an argotic speech. / En el habla de los jóvenes de México encontramos, entre otras muestras de vitalidad lingüística, un uso frecuente de juegos fónicos que transforman o sustituyen lexemas y sintagmas sin que haya alteración significativa del significado. Este fenómeno lingüístico utiliza tres recursos fónicos: la sufijación parasitaria, la sustitución léxica por similitud fónica y el encadenamiento en eco. La presente memoria contribuye a llenar un vacío en la literatura científica y dar a conocer este fenómeno poco estudiado, explorando los aspectos formales lingüísticos y las funciones sociales. Buscamos establecer las relaciones que existen entre la estructura lingüística y las funciones lingüísticas y sociales inherentes al uso de los juegos fónicos. El estudio empírico que se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Puebla (México) permitió la recolección de un corpus de más de doscientos juegos fónicos y la realización de entrevistas sociolingüísticas con dieciocho jóvenes poblanos usuarios de las expresiones estudiadas. Proponemos una clasificación del corpus de juegos fónicos basada en la estructura formal para apreciar que el fenómeno responde a patrones fijos de construcción. Tras un análisis temático de las entrevistas, que apoyamos con ejemplos de juegos fónicos, veremos que el uso de juegos fónicos cumple principalmente una función poética, lúdica, así como una función de cohesión social y una función identitaria. El presente estudio confirma que el carácter no normativo y críptico intrínseco a los juegos fónicos sirve para reforzar estas funciones sociales, a modo de habla argótica.

Mémoire en recherche-création / Cette recherche-création est consacrée à l’humour plurilingue, c’est-à-dire de l’humour généré par la juxtaposition de deux (ou de plusieurs) langues. Elle comporte deux œuvres originales relevant de cette thématique, consistant en un enchevêtrement d’allemand, d’anglais et de français. Chacune d’elles est analysée par le biais des concepts élaborés par le chercheur Dirk Delabastita pour catégoriser les jeux de mots polyglottes, ainsi que selon les principes de comédie et de jeux de langage élaborés par Henri Bergson et Pierre Guiraud. Il s’agit ainsi de comprendre quels sont les mécanismes susceptibles de générer le rire dans une performance scénique exolingue (lorsque la maîtrise d’une langue est inégale entre un artiste et son public), et, par le fait même, de les mettre en application dans les œuvres créées dans le cadre du présent mémoire. Marie-Claude Chamberland, autrice de cette recherche-création, est une comédienne, artiste de cirque, clown et chanteuse d’opéra performant ses numéros de comédie clownesque sur plusieurs scènes internationales, notamment dans des cabarets circassiens en Allemagne, en Autriche et en Suisse. La première œuvre de cette recherche-création, intitulée Poème, a déjà été présentée devant public au Palazzo Colombino de Bâle, en Suisse, en 2022 et 2023. Elle consiste en un numéro clownesque dans lequel un personnage récite un poème en anglais et demande à son partenaire (qui éprouve des difficultés en allemand) de le traduire phrase par phrase en allemand pour le public germanophone. Il va sans dire que l’humour issu de cette scène tient du fait que les traductions sont des plus malhabiles. Ainsi, dans le sillage de Delabastita, Marie-Claude s’intéresse ici, non pas à la traduction de l’humour comme telle, mais bien à la traduction en tant que véhicule humoristique. La deuxième œuvre, Tisch, consiste en une réflexion tenue en allemand sur la très grande variété de « tables » existant dans le lexique allemand. Le mot Tisch signifie certes « table », mais cette syllabe se retrouvant également à la fin de nombreux adjectifs allemands (« enthusiastisch »), l’humour naît ici de la décortication des termes, en faisant fi de la sémantique, et de ce jeu de langage émanent des types de tables dont aucun germanophone ne pouvait suspecter l’existence. / This research-creation is devoted to plurilingual humor, i.e. humor generated by the juxtaposition of two (or more) languages. It includes two original works on this theme, consisting of a jumble of German, English and French. Each is analyzed using concepts developed by researcher Dirk Delabastita to categorize polyglot puns, as well as the principles of comedy and language play developed by Henri Bergson and Pierre Guiraud. The aim is to understand the mechanisms likely to generate laughter in an exolingual stage performance (when the mastery of a language is unequal between a performer and his audience), and, by the same token, to apply them to the works created in this context. Marie-Claude Chamberland, author of this research-creation, is an actress, circus artist, clown and opera singer who performs her clownish comedy acts on several international stages, notably in circus cabarets in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The first work of this research-creation, entitled Poème, has already been presented to the public at the Palazzo Colombino in Basel, Switzerland, in 2022 and 2023. It consists of a clown act in which one character recites a poem in English and asks his partner (who has difficulty in German) to translate it sentence by sentence into German for the German-speaking audience. Needless to say, the humor in this scene stems from the fact that the translations are extremely clumsy. So, following on from Delabastita, Marie-Claude's interest here is not in the translation of humor as such, but in translation as a vehicle for humor. The second work, Tisch, is a German-language reflection on the wide variety of “tables” in the German lexicon. Tisch does indeed mean “table”, but this syllable is also found at the end of many German adjectives (“enthusiastisch”), so the humor here comes from deconstructing the terms, disregarding semantics, and from this play on language emanates types of tables that no German speaker could have suspected existed. / Diese kreative Forschungsarbeit ist dem mehrsprachigen Humor gewidmet, d. h. dem Humor, der durch das Nebeneinander von zwei (oder mehreren) Sprachen entsteht. Sie umfasst zwei Originalwerke zu diesem Thema, die aus einer Mischung von Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch bestehen. Jedes dieser Werke wird anhand von Konzepten analysiert, die der Forscher Dirk Delabastita zur Kategorisierung polyglotter Wortspiele entwickelt hat, sowie anhand der von Henri Bergson und Pierre Guiraud entwickelten Prinzipien der Komik und der Sprachspiele. Es geht also darum, die Mechanismen zu verstehen, die in einer exolingualen Bühnenperformance (wenn die Beherrschung einer Sprache zwischen einem Künstler und seinem Publikum ungleich ist) Lachen erzeugen können, und sie dadurch in den in diesem Rahmen geschaffenen Werken anzuwenden. Marie-Claude Chamberland, die Autorin dieses kreativen Forschungsprojekts, ist Schauspielerin, Zirkusartistin, Clownin und Opernsängerin, die ihre clownesken Komödiennummern auf mehreren internationalen Bühnen aufführt, insbesondere in Zirkuskabaretts in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Das erste Werk dieser kreativen Forschungsarbeit mit dem Titel Poème wurde bereits 2022 und 2023 im Palazzo Colombino in Basel, Schweiz, vor Publikum präsentiert. Es besteht aus einer Clown-Nummer, in der eine Figur ein Gedicht auf Englisch vorträgt und ihren Partner (der Schwierigkeiten mit der deutschen Sprache hat) bittet, es Satz für Satz für das deutschsprachige Publikum ins Deutsche zu übersetzen. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass der Humor, der sich aus dieser Szene ergibt, auf die Tatsache zurückzuführen ist, dass die Übersetzungen höchst ungeschickt sind. In Anlehnung an Delabastita befasst sich Marie-Claude hier also nicht mit der Übersetzung von Humor als solcher, sondern mit der Übersetzung als humoristisches Vehikel. Das zweite Werk, Tisch, beruht auf einer auf Deutsch gehaltenen Reflexion über die sehr große Vielfalt an ‘Tischen’, die es im deutschen Vokabular gibt. Das Wort Tisch beschreibt zwar den Gegenstand ‘Tisch’, da diese Silbe aber auch am Ende vieler deutscher Adjektive vorkommt (‘enthusiastisch’), entsteht der Humor hier aus der Zerlegung der Begriffe unter Vernachlässigung der Semantik. Aus diesem Sprachspiel ergeben sich Tischtypen, von denen kein Deutschsprachiger je etwas ahnen würde.