Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissAMF.pdf: 3489250 bytes, checksum: 818ea4cdfa8e641b78dbdf5307e2a118 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-28 / This work shows some NBR 6118:2003 prescriptions, intending to study, analyze and discuss the aspects regarding to the determination of the efforts to check the punch and the detailed framework to struggle it and the deflection (arrow), in the systems of flat plates since they had suffered significant changes. It will be done a comparative analysis of consideration of the non physical linearity presented by structural calculation program CYPECAD to that one done according to NBR 6118:2003, using a grill analogy through the GPLAN program to do that, as it will be also solved some examples to determine the strain and the framework structure to the punch as to deflection in the flat plates. At last, it will be done a study of case of a building in solid flat plates that presents deflection problems, as well as project failures in the dimension of the flat to punch, which subjects deserve a high attention and concern under the vision and sight of NBR 6118:2003. Specifically it will be dealt the following subjects: General features of the system; Methods to determine the strain and dimension to the punch; Verification of the deflection of the flat; Utilization of the programs to determine the strain and deflection; Performance and some examples and a study of the case. / Este trabalho apresenta algumas das prescrições da NBR 6118:2003, com o objetivo de estudar, analisar e discutir aspectos referentes à determinação de esforços para a verificação à punção, detalhamento da armadura para combatê-la e aos deslocamentos verticais (flecha), nos sistemas de lajes-sem-vigas maciças, uma vez que as mesmas sofreram significativas alterações. Será feita uma análise comparativa da consideração da não linearidade física apresentada pelo programa de cálculo estrutural CYPECAD com a feita de acordo com a NBR 6118:2003, utilizando para isso a analogia de grelha através do programa GPLAN, como também serão resolvidos alguns exemplos tanto para a determinação de esforços e armação de combate à punção como para dos deslocamentos verticais nas lajes-sem-vigas. Finalizando será feito um estudo de caso de um edifício em lajes-sem-vigas que apresentava problemas de deslocamentos verticais, como também falhas de projeto no dimensionamento das lajes à punção, assuntos esses merecedores de uma maior atenção, preocupação e abrangência aos olhos da NBR 6118:2003. Especificamente, serão abordados os seguintes assuntos: características gerais do sistema; métodos de determinação de esforços e dimensionamento à punção; verificação de deslocamentos verticais das lajes; utilização de programas para determinação de esforços e deslocamentos; realização de alguns exemplos e um estudo de caso.

O presente trabalho estuda a variação do diâmetro inicial e diâmetro final de um furo puncionado feito em uma chapa de aço ASTM A-36 com 12,7 mm de espessura. São propostas três geometrias diferentes de punção fabricados em aço AISI D2 e AISI S1 com diâmetro inicial 20 mm e final 22 mm. Os punções foram fabricados para realizarem o processo de puncionamento e brochamento com penetrações de avanço (asf) de 0,2 mm, 0,5 mm e 1 mm. O objetivo principal é reduzir a conicidade dos furos puncionados atualmente através do método convencional. As folgas entre punção e matriz (w) utilizadas foram de 3,1%, 7,8% e 15,7% da espessura da chapa de testes respectivamente. Para avaliação do desempenho de cada ferramenta, todos os furos puncionados foram medidos e tabelados. Entre os resultados encontrados, constatou-se que os punções com brochamento apresentam melhores valores que os convencionais em todos parâmetros analisados. As regiões de cisalhamento (Zc) e região de ruptura abrupta (Zr) também sofreram influência direta em função da geometria utilizada. / The present work studies the variation of the initial diameter and final diameter of a punched hole made in an ASTM A-36 steel sheet with 12.7 mm of thickness. Three different punches geometries are proposed and manufactured from AISI D2 and AISI S1 steel with initial diameter 20 mm and final diameter 22 mm. The punches were manufactured to carry out the punching and broaching process with feed penetrations (asf) of 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The main objective is to reduce the conicity of the punched holes currently through the conventional method. The clearance between punch and die (w) used were 3.1%, 7.8% and 15.7% of the thickness of the test plate respectively. To evaluate the performance of each tool, all punched holes were measured and tabulated. Among the results, it was observed that the punches with a broaching showed better values than the conventional ones in all analyzed parameters. The regions of shear (Zc) and region of abrupt rupture (Zr) also had a direct influence in function of the geometry used.

Concebido há milhares de anos, o forjamento passa por melhorias contínuas, mantendo-se como um processo de fabricação moderno, capaz de agregar características importantes a produtos forjados que são utilizados em inúmeras aplicações. Na indústria automobilística, responsável pelo consumo de cerca de 60% de todos os produtos forjados, o forjamento mostrou-se como um processo de conformação plástica eficaz no atendimento das especificações de resistência mecânica e nos quesitos de produtividade. Esta demanda por produtos forjados estimulou a busca por processos mais robustos, nos quais as ferramentas de forjamento possuem papel fundamental para possibilitar a produção de lotes maiores sem paradas de máquina devido a falhas. Cerca de 70% das falhas estão relacionadas ao desgaste das ferramentas. Este trabalho buscou identificar no ambiente industrial, os modos de desgaste responsáveis pela degradação da superfície de contato de um punção, fabricado em aço H-10. Um conjunto de punções foi utilizado no forjamento a quente em prensa mecânica excêntrica horizontal e automática de múltiplos estágios, que utiliza água na refrigeração das ferramentas, durante a fabricação de porcas de roda, em aço SAE 1045. Os resultados obtidos basearam-se: (i) nas análises da superfície e da seção transversal de seis punções em microscópio eletrônico de varredura, (ii) na análise da nanodureza e (iii) na variação dimensional e da massa dos punções. Os resultados apontaram para o desgaste da superfície dos punções logo nas primeiras peças forjadas devido à transferência de óxidos do blank para a superfície da ferramenta. Nesta camada transferida para a superfície dos punções, foram encontrados danos causados pelo desgaste abrasivo e pela fadiga térmica. / Since the initial development, thousands of years ago, forging has faced continuous improvements, remaining as a modern manufacturing process, capable of adding important characteristics to forged products that are used in numerous applications. In the automotive industry, responsible for the consumption of approximately 60% of all forged products, the forging has proved to be an effective metal forming process in terms of mechanical strength specifications and productivity requirements. This demand for forged parts has stimulated the search for more robust processes in which the forging tool has a fundamental role to enable the production of larger batches without downtime due to failures. Approximately 70% of these failures are related to tool wear. This work aimed identifying, in an industrial environmental, the wear modes responsible for the degradation of the contact surface of a punch, made of H-10 steel. A series of punches was used for hot forging in a horizontal and automatic multi-stage eccentric mechanical press which uses water for tool cooling, during the manufacture of wheel nuts, made of SAE 1045 steel. Results were based: (i) on the analysis of the surface and cross section of six punches in a scanning electronic microscope, (ii) on nanohardness analyses and (iii) as well as on mass and dimensional variations. Results pointed to the punch wear in the first forged pieces, due to oxides transferring from blank to the punch surface. On this transferred layer to punch surface, have also found damage caused by abrasive wear and thermal fatigue.

In this research, the materials used were the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers. PDMS mechanicals properties were measured using a customized version of the nanoindentation test using a flat punch tip. The method is proposed in Chapter 3 and it is used to calculate the elastic modulus of different PDMS samples. The samples tested were both produced specifically for this research and available in the laboratory’s storage. They all present different levels of cross-linking degree. It is quite common to not have full contact between the cylindrical flat punch and the sample because of the unavoidable tilt. The new method guarantees establishing full contact between the sample and the tip. The tip used for this purpose is a flat punch tip. The Young’s moduli of the following samples were calculated: 10:1, 30:1 and 50:1. The Young’s moduli found were: 2.85±0.001 MPa for the 10:1 sample, 0.34±0.001 MPa for the 30:1 sample and 0.15±0.002 MPa for the 50:1 sample. All the experiments were repeated at least three times to assure the validity and the repeatability of the method. The results were then compared with values available in the literature. The same method was applied to analyze the viscosity of the samples. Even if a mathematical result was not obtained, data and analysis through graphical representations are available in this thesis. The sample tested was a PDMS sample with a cross-linking degree of 30:1. The experiment has been repeated three times

The compressive strength of mortar is typically determined using the American Societyfor Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard method using 2 inch cubes which are compressed tillfailure. There is however a disparity between the compressive strengths of mortar cubes, and insitumortar. This disparity is a result of the differences in thickness, aspect ratio, curingconditions, water content, and confinement between mortar cubes and mortar joints. While thesedifferences lead to mortar joints being stronger than mortar cubes, a relationship between theirstrengths is desired.Two less-common mortar strength tests were used to determine more accurately thecompressive strength of in-situ mortar. The results of both tests were compared to the results ofASTM standard compressive testing with mortars of the same water content. The first was theDouble Punch test which involves the use of two metal punches that compress either side of athin mortar sample till failure. The Double Punch test is more difficult to perform than theASTM standard compression test, but was useful because it simulates the confinement that insitumortar will experience. The Double Punch test was also used with mortar specimens ofvarying thickness to determine a relationship between specimen thickness and compressivestrength. The second test used was the Helix Pullout test. This test is performed by insertingmetal helical screws into a mortar joint, and pulling from the joint while restricting rotation. Themaximum load used to extract the Helix is recorded as the Pullout Load, and is used to find thecompressive strength by use of a calibration curve. This test was used on a masonry wall paneland mortar cubes were also made with the same mortar for compressive testing.The tested mortar exhibited decreased compressive strength with increased water content.The mortar also decreased in strength with increasing specimen thickness. Mortar joints wereshown to be significantly stronger than mortar cubes based on factors of specimen thickness andconfinement by an average factor of at least 2.40. Although results are affected by punchdiameter, the Double Punch test was shown to be a consistent and reliable means of estimatingmortar compressive strength. The Helix Pullout test exhibited wide variation, and wasdetermined to be primarily useful for qualitative comparison as opposed to quantitativedetermination of strength.

Master's thesis deals with evaluating applicability of correlation relationships between material characteristics determined by Small Punch Test and standard tensile test for material AlSi7Mg0,6 manufactured by casting and technology SLM. Results of Small Punch Tests are correlated with yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of elasticity. For each material characteristic various correlation methods are compared, while for each method corresponding coefficients are determined. Consequently, the applicability of individual methods is evaluated by substituting coefficients determined by various studies. Primarily analyzed are correlation methods for which future normalization is expected. The results of master's thesis show that structural inhomogeneity caused by SLM process does not result in high inaccuracies in determining material characteristics. Larger impact on material characteristics has high porosity, which was identified in cast material and led to significant deviations in evaluating tensile strength and elongation.

HABR Stanislav: Manufacturing of chain wheel for mountain bike The goal is to design components of chain wheel for mountain bike. It will be made of structural steel. The variant was chosen the most optimal production through precise cutting edge of pushing the system hard punch tool – movable retainer. According to the calculations and dimensions were selected from company press Feintool. The economic evaluation is the annual dose 600000 pcs fixed price of one component of 11,88 CZK.

Master´s thesis project elaborated within the scope of Master´s degree submits a proposal of manufacturing of sensor cover by fineblanking technology. Sensor cover is manufactured from 4 mm roll of sheet metal. The material component is microalloyed steel S355MC. Annual production batch is 800 000 pieces. Based on the literature study, several possible methods of production parts are described. After evaluation of the required accuracy, surface quality and annual production, the technology of fineblanking using V-ring has been chosen. On the basis of technological and control calculations was chosen the triple action hydraulic press HFA 4500 plus, made by Feintool with a rated power 4500 kN. Design of cutting tool has been designed with moving punch.

The aim of the thesis is the design of the production process and tools for production of two grooves in coats of concrete clamp. Shell anchors are made of longitudinally welded stainless steel tubes 17 240. The size of the production of all types of shell of concrete clamps is 18 000 PCs per year. The number and the dimensions of grooves in the coats of anchors were determined on the basis of a practical verification. To the present day the grooves are made by cutting on a band saw, which is little productive and on finishing operations demanding way. The grooves in the coats of anchors will be newly manufactured by technology of shearing, which was a literary study. On the basis of the calculations was selected for the production a hydraulic press of CUPS 25 D. The grooves will be produced on the newly designed shearing tool. Work is carried out by technical-economic evaluation, which compares the current technology of production with the newly proposed technology. Part of the thesis is drawing documentation of coats of concrete clamps of all dimensions and drawing documentation of shearing tool.

This Master´s Thesis developed as a part of the follow-up Master´s Program studies in the field of M-STM Manufacturing Technology and Management in Industry introduces a technological proposal of switchgear manufacturing technology. Based on the research and assessment of the current status in the casing production, a technological process is proposed including technological and design documentation. The conclusion of this work is focused on the techno-economic evaluation of the selected production method and savings opportunities.