Mortar is the cementitious binding material placed between masonry blocks to create a composite system. The American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), along with other organizations, have established the testing of prismatic mortar specimens for evaluating mechanical properties, like compressive strength. Mortar joints, however, possess vastly different characteristics compared to prismatic specimens, especially in terms of geometry and water content. These differences prevent a direct comparison of compressive strength between prismatic specimens and actual mortar joints in the assembly. The objective of this study was to analyze Type S mortar joints, with particular emphasis on specimen shape and water content, to draw accurate comparisons of compressive strength to ASTM prescribed mortar prismatic specimens.To examine the effect of water on mortar compressive strength, three different water contents were evaluated across nearly all testing series. Cubic (2-in) and cylindrical (2 by 4-in) mortar specimens were prepared and tested according to ASTM guidelines to verify the compressive strength relationship described by ASTM and to be used as comparative data. In addition, a small masonry wall was assembled and cured in a laboratory to simulate true properties of mortar joints. Mortar joints subjected to testing were a combination of thin slices cut from prismatic specimens as well as in-place bed joints cured between concrete masonry units (CMU). Two unorthodox test methods, the double punch test (DPT) and helix pull-out test (HPT), were selected as methods for assessing mortar joints. In addition, confining effects from neighboring material common to DPT were evaluated as a function of specimen face dimensions. The compressive strength ratio obtained through testing of 2-in cubic and 2 by 4-in cylindrical specimens was lower than ASTM recommendations. This may have been in part due to testing cylindrical specimens with rough surfaces and no capping material. DPT confinement on 2-in square and 2-in diameter circular specimens was found to be equivalent. Thinly sliced specimens tested in DPT showed increases in compressive strength as water content and specimen thickness decreased. As a whole, DPT results on thin mortar slices showed promise for accurate comparison to prismatic mortar specimens. In-place mortar joints tested in HPT showed moderate to high scatter. In addition, evaluation via HPT was determined to be more appropriate for qualitative rather than quantitative assessments of in-situ mortar.

SyfteStudiens syfte är att undersöka boxares förmåga att slå slag med givna intensitetsnivåer mot en boxningssäck. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka boxares förmåga att hålla en förbestämd submaximal intensitsnivå vid sparring.MetodFyra boxare deltog i studien. Corner handledssensorer användes för datainsamling av slaghastighet och acceleration i slag under slagtest på säck i självvald 50 %, 70 %, 90 % och 100 % intensitet, och i två 3-minutersronder av lätt sparring med instruktionen att sparras i 50 % intensitet. Shapiro-Wilks test användes för att undersöka variablernas normalfördelning, därefter analyserades data med One-sample t-test och Wilcoxon Signed-rank test beroende på normalfördelningen.ResultatDet fanns signifikanta skillnader (p < 0,05) mellan flera av deltagarnas slag och slagteknikernas respektive uträknade slagintensitet i samtliga slagintensiteter. Det förekom ingen eskalering (alla p > 0,05) under lätt sparringen, men merparten slagen var över den instruerade sparringsintensiteten (50 %), och i flera fall även över boxarnas maximala slagintensitestvärden.SlutsatserDeltagarna tenderar att underskatta sin egen slagintensitet vid slag mot säck. Vidare så kan det under lätt sparring förekomma flertalet slag med intensitet vid eller över deltagarnas egna maximala slagintensitetsvärden. Resultatet från den nuvarande studien kan dock inte generaliseras på grund av ett litet urval och utrustning utan validering. Mer forskning bör genomföras med ett större urval och även med högre sparringsintensiteter för att se om slagen i de olika intensiteterna skiljer sig åt. / PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the ability of boxers to punch in predetermined submaximal intensities. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate the ability of boxers to maintain a predetermined submaximal intensity during sparring.MethodsFour boxers participated the study. Corner wrist sensors was used for data collection for punching tests in self-selected 50 %, 70 %, 90 % and maximal effort on a boxing bag, and for punches thrown during two 3-minute rounds of low intensity sparring with the instruction to spar at 50 % intensity. Shapiro-Wilks test was performed to examine the variables normal distribution. The data was then analyzed with One-Samples t-test or Wilcoxon Signed-rank test depending on the normal distribution.ResultsThere were significant differences (p < 0,05) between several of the participants punches and the punching techniques respective calculated punch intensity for each boxer, in all punching intensities. No escalation of punching intensity was found in the sparring rounds, most punches was over the instructed intensity (50 %), and in several cases had intensity values near or even over the participants maximal effort punching values.ConclusionsThe participants tend to underestimate their punching intensity when punching a boxing bag. The results of the present study show that high intensity punches are still present even in light sparring, with several punches having values near or even above the boxers respective maximal punching effort value. However, these results cannot be applied to the general population because of the limited sample size and due to not validated equipment. More research with a larger sample size and including higher sparring intensities for comparison.

TePe Munhygienprodukter AB paketerar en stor andel av sina produkter (interdentalborstar) i blisterförpackningar. Uppdragsgivaren (TePe) ser möjligheten att förbättra en knivbytesprocess som i nuläget påverkar deras produktion av förpackningar negativt, dessutom lever inte processen upp till företagets värdekedja gällande kvalitet, effektivitet och goda arbetsförhållanden.Studien inleds med informationsinsamling rörande knivbytesprocessen, vidare genereras samt utvärderas möjliga konceptlösningar med syfte att uppnå en högre precision vid inmätning av stansknivar, konceptlösningar som skulle göra processen både snabbare och säkrare. Konceptutvecklingsprocessen mynnar ut i ett konceptuellt mätverktyg som konstrueras och simuleras i CAD-programmet Solidworks (Computer aided design). Slutligen tas tillverkningsunderlag fram i form av ritningar. Dessa ritningar kontrolleras av handledaren på TePe för att säkerställa att kraven och önskemålen som ställs på mätverktyget teoretiskt uppfylls.Rekommendationer vid fortsatt arbete är omkonstruktioner av de resterande stansknivspaketenpå TePe, vilka inte undersökts i denna studie, detta för att medge infästning av mätverktyget i även dessa stansknivspaket. När mätverktyget har tillverkats kan funktionstest, dokumentation och utbildning av berörd personal utföras. Utbildningen och dokumentationen är viktig för att uppnå en enhetlig användning av mätverktyget. Syftet med ett enhetligt bruk är att minimera risken för felanvändning som i sin tur kan leda till avvikande mätresultat. / TePe Munhygienprodukter AB packages a large proportion of their products (interdental brushes) in blister packs. The client (TePe) sees the opportunity to improve a knife replacement process that currently affects their production of packaging negatively, in addition, the process does not live up to the company's value chain in terms of quality, efficiency and good working conditions.The study begins with information gathering regarding the knife replacement process, further possible concept solutions are generated and evaluated with the aim of achieving a higher precision when measuring punch knives, concept solutions that would make the process both faster and safer. The concept development process culminates in a conceptual measurement tool that is constructed and simulated in the CAD program Solidworks (Computer aided design). Finally, manufacturing documents are produced in the form of drawings. Thesedrawings are controlled by the supervisor at TePe to ensure that the requirements and wishes set for the measuring tool are theoretically fulfilled.Recommendations for further work are reconstructions of the remaining punch knife packages on TePe, which were not investigated in this study, this to allow attachment of the measuring tool in these punch knife packages as well. Once the measuring tool has been manufactured, functional testing, documentation and training of affected personnel can be carried out. The training and documentation is important to achieve uniform use of the measuring tool. The purpose of uniform use is to minimize the risk of incorrect use, which in turn can lead to deviating measurement results

By examining the British satirical magazine Punch's presentation of the Irish during the Repeal-movement, this study explores how satire can be used as a tool for colonial powers to establish dominance over differing nationalities through print media. This has been examined by extracting traits attributed to the Irish in Punch's illustrations and articles from 1842 - 1848, the Repeal independence movements most active years. The study is split into three seperate categories: "The Irish in relation to the Repeal politician Daniel O'Connell"; "The political Irish"; and "Paddy" (the Irish outside of politics). Within these categories the study also found a chronological pattern of Young Ireland gaining increasingly negative attention in Punch as a result of Daniel O'Connell, one of Repeals leaders, leaving the political scene during the last years of his life 1846/1847. The increased attention for Young Ireland is attributed to Punch's rivalry with the Irish nationalist magazine The Nation; Young Irelands mouthpiece.      The study found that Punch's disdain towards Repeal supporters such as The Nation, Young Ireland, and Daniel O'Connell extended to their view of the Irish as a people. Although Punch's Irishman is almost exclusivly portrayed as violent and stubborn, these are seen as virtues rather than flaws when used to resist Repeal advocates and Irish politicians. Further, Punch's rivalry with The Nation creates a polemic relationship of British upper-class versus Irish nationalist commoner which can be used as a press historian scale model of the Anglo-Irish conflicts of the 19th century.

I ABSTRACT Title: Kinesiological analysis of upper limb punch strike in sports karate. Aim of work: The aim of this thesis to describe and characterize the muscle involement in direct punch strike in karate. Then compared with the exercises, which are characteristic to karate - strikes with resistence and push-up exercise. Methods: Work is processed by a comparative analysis of selected movements based on the determination of muscle activation. The surface electromyography method synchronized with video and accelerometer was used in this work. Results: The result is describtion of selcted movements on the basis of muscle activation and function of selected muscles. The prove that the forearm extensors are activated as the last of the selcted muscles was managed. On the basis of karate technique and anatomy we confirmed important role of forearm extensor by direct punch in karate. The difference between onset time muscle activation by strikes and push up was found. Maximum speed of acral part of the upper limb by direct punch was established. Keywords: Electromyography (EMG), karate, direct punch - gyakucuki, accelrometer

No description available.

This degree work positions itself in the field of textile design, more specifically in non-woven, color blending, felting, and interaction. The work explores different techniques such as mechanical felting with needle punch, wet felting to manipulate forms, and carding, with a focus on color blending. The aimis to explore the design possibilities in non-woven wool in regards to color blending color gradients. The motivation for the project is to bring textile design into a wider context, and to investigate how the combination of blending colored fibers and felting techniques can create double-sided textiles. Through a hands-on method, explorations were carried out using two textile techniques; Color blending and needle punching. Loose wool fibers were dyed in the three primary colors, then carded into a range of saturated colors, which gave a rich color library to work further on with. Wet felting was used to bond, create non-woven material and make 3-dimensional forms. The result is three pieces in 100% non-woven wool with different color gradients which encourage interaction. The conclusion is that it is possible to work with an alternative color blending method (wool carding) in non-woven in order to create color gradations. The project shows that the field of textile design is expanded by pushing the boundaries of how a textile designer can work with these techniques.

No description available.

Sir John Tenniel worked for the Victorian magazine Punch for over fifty years, from 1850 to 1901, and served as head cartoonist for the latter thirty-seven years of his tenure at the magazine. Tenniel's cartoons effectively became the heart of Punch's visual lineup, and the sentiments expressed by these cartoons both reflected and influenced the opinions of the magazine']s vast middle class readership. However, they did not generally reflect the opinions of the cartoonist himself: Tenniel had little to no say in decisions regarding the content or stance of his cartoons. The artist ostensibly had no problem with this arrangement, once telling a historian, "As for political opinions, I have none… [I] profess only those of my paper." This project argues that the artist did indeed inject a degree of personal opinion into his work, albeit in hidden and unconscious ways. Instead of using the medium of cartoons as an overt vehicle for his opinion, Tenniel's values and views come out in his use of iconography and his choice of models for his drawings. As a conservative Victorian man operating in the rapidly changing world of the latter nineteenth century, Tenniel used his drawings as a way to tap into the England of his youth and possibly reclaim the art world he originally studied to join as a young man. His iconography frequently looked back to medieval England, framing current events within these themes until the end of his career. Furthermore, Tenniel doggedly refused to update his mental drawing models for certain forms of technology, even when his depictions became obviously anachronistic. This thesis examines these tendencies through the threefold lenses of Material Culture Studies, Social Constructivism, and Nostalgia Studies in an attempt to link Tenniel's treatment of medieval iconography and depiction of modern technology with the nostalgic past. / Master of Arts

Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst die Entwicklung und Implementierung eines nichtlokalen duktilen Schädigungsmodells, die Anwendung von Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Materialparametern aus Versuchsdaten sowie die Berechnung von bruchmechanischen Kennwerten im spröd-duktilen Übergangsbereich durch die numerische Simulation von Bruchmechanikversuchen unter Verwendung der ermittelten Parameter. Das entwickelte nichtlokale duktile Schädigungsmodell basiert auf dem Modell nach Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN). Durch die Einführung eines zusätzlichen Längenparameters mittels einer impliziten Gradientenformulierung wird die Netzabhängigkeit des GTN-Modells eliminiert. Zur Lösung des nunmehr gekoppelten Feldproblems wird das nichtlokale Schädigungsmodell in Form eines benutzerdefinierten Elements in ein Finite-Elemente-Programm implementiert. Zur Parameterbestimmung werden Kraft-Verschiebungs-Kurven des Small-Punch-Tests (SPT), einem Kleinstprobenversuch, ausgewertet. Aufgrund des sehr geringen Materialbedarfs für die Herstellung der benötigten SPT-Proben werden Rest- bzw. Bruchstücke von Charpy-Tests weiterverwendet. Es werden zwei ferritische Reaktorstähle im bestrahlten und unbestrahlten Zustand untersucht. Die Versuchsreihen decken den vollständigen Bereich der Zähigkeit beider Stähle ab. Die Bestimmung von Bruchzähigkeiten erfolgt nach dem Konzept des Local Approach allein durch numerische Berechnung des Spannungs- und Verformungszustandes in Bruchmechanikproben. Hierbei werden die zuvor aus dem SPT bestimmten Fließkurven und Schädigungsparameter verwendet. Die berechneten Bruchzähigkeiten werden mit experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. / This work comprises the development and implementation of a non-local ductile damage model, the application of methods for the identification of material parameters from experimental data as well as the calculation of fracture mechanics parameters in the brittle-ductile transition zone through numerical simulations of fracture mechanical tests using the identified parameters. The developed non-local ductile damage model is based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model (GTN). The pathological mesh sensitivity of the GTN model is eliminated by introducing an additional length parameter by means of an implicit gradient formulation. To solve the coupled field problem, the non-local damage model is implemented in a finite element program in the form of a userdefined element. Force-displacement-curves of the small punch test (SPT), a miniaturised test, are evaluated for the determination of material parameters. Given the modest material requirements for the preparation of the required samples remnants of Charpy-specimens are reused. Two ferritic reactor steels, both irradiated and unirradiated, are examined. The experiments cover the full brittle-ductile transition region of the steels. Following the concept of the Local Approach, fracture toughness values are determined by numerical calculation of the stress and deformation state in fracture mechanics specimen only. Here, the yield curves and damage parameters previously determined from the SPT are used. The calculated fracture toughness values are compared with experimental results.