This thesis is an examination of the evolution of blood ideology, which is to say the use of blood as an organizing metaphor, in Japanese society. I begin with the development of blood as a substance of significant in the eighth century and trace its development into a metaphor for lineage in the Tokugawa period. I discuss in detail blood's conceptual and rhetorical utility throughout the post-Restoration period, first examining its role in establishing a national subjectivity in reference to both the native intellectual tradition of the National Learning and the foreign hegemony of race. I then discuss the rationalization of popular and national bloodlines under the auspices of the popular eugenics movement, and the National Eugenics Bill. Then, I discuss the racialization this conception of blood inflicted on the Tokugawa era Outcastes, and its persistent consequences. Through the incongruity of the Outcastes ability to "pass" despite popular expectations that their blood pollution was visibly demonstrative, I introduce the notion of blood anxiety. Next, I address the conceptual and rhetorical role blood played in articulating Japan's empire and imperial ambitions, focusing on the Theory of Common Descent and the Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus report. I follow this discussion with a detailed examination of the postwar reconceptualization of national subjectivity, which demands native bloodlines and orthodox cultural expressions, and which effectively de-legitimized minority populations. As illustration of this point, I describe the impact of this new subjectivity on both the Zainichi and the Nikkeijin in lengthy case studies. Finally, I conclude this examination with a consideration of blood ideology's representation in popular culture. I argue that the subgenre of vampire media allegorizes many of the assumptions and anxieties surrounding blood that have developed since the Restoration, and demonstrates the imprint of blood ideology on contemporary society. / text

Metaphysical grounding has received a great deal of attention in the metaphysics literature within the last decade, offering what many see as an attractive theoretical alternative to other attempts to analyze the nature of fundamentality, e.g., dependence, supervenience, identity, conceptual analysis, etc. Still, a number of commentators note a bevy of issues facing the notion of grounding, leading some to believe it cannot perform the relevant work it has been tasked to do. One such issue is the purity dilemma, posed by Ted Sider, which follows from a plausible constraint placed on our theorizing about fundamentality, viz., that the fundamental bedrock of the world contains nothing but purely fundamental phenomena. It is argued that purity creates a problem for metaphysical grounding in that it makes it increasingly difficult to see what might ground the facts about what grounds what. In this paper, I explicate the purity dilemma, and an attempt made by Shamik Dasgupta to sidestep the challenge, and provide a secure grounding foundation for such facts. I then proceed to defend Dasgupta's view from objections made by Sider, and conclude that, at the very least, the crucial notion (autonomy) on which the former's view rests is intelligible, if it is not tenable. / Master of Arts / In this paper I discuss an ongoing debate over the nature of metaphysical grounding. Metaphysical grounding (or, “grounding”) is of interest to metaphysicians due to the satisfying way in which it handles a number of long-standing problems in the field. As Johnathan Schaffer (2009) notes, metaphysics has often concerned itself with what the most basic nature of reality is like, and grounding promises to furnish many of our metaphysical theories with the tools to answer such questions. Still, there remains a number of problems with characterizing grounding. The relevant problem I tackle in this paper has to do with whether or not grounding can be understood in its own terms. Ted Sider, for example, has suspicions that it cannot. I argue, on the behalf of Shamik Dasgupta, that there is an intelligible way to understand grounding in its own terms, and work to provide constructive answers to some of Sider’s objections.

The Fairfax County Water Authority applies copper sulfate as an algaecide in the Occoquan Reservoir to control the growth of taste and odor causing algae. The Occoquan Water Treatment Plant removes water from the reservoir for distribution to portions of Fairfax County. Approximately once a day, the treatment plant backwashes one of its five clarifier/filters and discharges this backwash water directly into the Occoquan River. Concern has risen that the plant may be concentrating this copper during treatment, and therefore may be responsible for violations in the toxicity standards for copper in the Occoquan River below the outfall. This investigation has attempted to define the extent of the mixing zone around the Occoquan Water Treatment Plant. A dynamic computer model has been developed based upon the 1988 version of the Tidal Prism Model. Simulations were run on the "worst case scenarios" in the Occoquan River as an attempt to define the mixing zone. It is our initial conclusion that the treatment plant discharge has a negligible effect upon the concentrations of dissolved copper that may exist in the Occoquan River. The treatment plant appears to be removing copper from the raw water rather than concentrating it as initially assumed. Because both the flow and the background dissolved copper in the Occoquan River seem to be controlled by the Occoquan Reservoir, the definition of a static mixing zone boundary is not practical. A dynamic boundary was proposed as an alternative which incorporates the many variables in this system. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-166). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Whereas commentators frequently restrict the categories for purity language in James to either ritual or metaphorical (and uniformly conclude the language is a metaphor for personal morality) this is overly restrictive and ignores how purity language was used in the first-century. Current research of purity language in ancient Israel calls into question the rigid either/or categorization of purity language in James. Such descriptions are not only unjustifiably restrictive, but they also fail to account for the function or meaning of the purity language within the rhetorical goals of the composition. The central argument of this investigation is that purity language both articulates and constructs the composition's worldview and thus serves as an important theme in the text. Chapter two discusses the different methods of analysis of purity and offers a taxonomy of purity language. This taxonomy provides a more precise approach to understanding the function of purity language. Chapter three argues for several important aspects of the structure and strategy of the text. Specifically the three interdependent characteristics of 1) an epistolary structure; 2) a coherent rhetorical argument based on polar oppositions; 3) and the special function of James 1: 2-27 as an introduction are suggested. While attuned to the textual issues argued in chapter three, the categories developed in the taxonomy were applied as a heuristic guide to understand the function of purity and pollution in chapter four. This analysis demonstrated four specific things: 1) though purity language occurs relatively infrequently, it is used at crucial points of the composition (1: 26-27; 3: 6,17; 4: 8); 2) that the use of purity and pollution specifically functions within the overall strategy of contrasts which leads readers to a decision; 3) that the majority of the time purity language labeled the world (and by extension those associated with it) as set against the implicit purity of God; and therefore, 4) the readers of James must be separate from the impure world ("pure") in order to be wholehearted in devotion to God ("perfect"). Because the purity of the audience is directly related to their proximity to the world, chapter five asks what kind of separation is envisioned by the use of purity language. While purity is indeed boundary language, the cultural stance of James is complex. The author shows signs of acculturation, yet this acculturation is employed to call the audience to specific points of separation from surrounding culture, namely separation from patron-client relationships with the "rich" and use of inappropriate and deceitful speech. Thus the composition is not calling for sectarian separation from the surrounding culture, but rather is a complex document demonstrating cultural accommodation while calling forth specific socio-cultural boundaries between the readers and the world.

Resumé This diplom work is devoted to the ritual purification of the Hebrew in mikva. Mikva is a Hebrew ritual bath which must fulfull certain religious regulations to be understood as properly religious. All the regulations and order regarding the functioning, construction and water, which is allowed to be used, are stated in Misna in the tractate Mikwa'ot. The basis for the ritual adequacy of mikva is water which should have inflow and outflow. Mikva serves to renew ritual cleanliness of a person who became ritually unclean. This ritual dates back to the times when Desater made a commandment to Sinaji. The first people who practiced the ritual were supposedly priests. Those were impurified after the contact with a dead body, carrion of an animal or a snake; after emission of semen or spermatorrhoea. During the times of the first Church the whole population including children cleaned themselves from different impurities. After the deconstruction of the Church the law regualting cleanliness and impurities changed. Today mikva is visited by women firstly before wedding, then after each menstruation period and after giving birth. Men are no longer obliged to practise the ritual after the deconstruction of the Church however even today orhodox Hebrew and chasids clean themselves before important Hebrew...

Os radiofármacos são fármacos que possuem em sua composição um radionuclídeo e são utilizados para diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças na medicina nuclear. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e umidade na estabilidade de alguns reagentes liofilizados ALBUMINA-TEC, CIS-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, FITA-TEC, PUL-TEC, MIBI-TEC, MDP-TEC, PIRO-TEC, e TIN-TEC. Foi utilizada uma câmara climática para expor amostras destes produtos a uma temperatura de 40 °C e 75% de umidade relativa por 48 horas, para simular uma condição de transporte. Foram avaliadas duas situações: após um determinado tempo de armazenamento em temperatura de 2 - 8 °C, amostras de RL foram expostas por 48 horas em 40 °C e 75% UR e em seguida foram analisadas enquanto outras amostras foram colocadas por 48 horas em 40 °C e 75% UR, mantidas em temperatura de 2 - 8 °C até a validade do radiofármaco e analisadas quanto à pureza radioquímica e biodistribuição. Os radiofármacos ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, PIRO-TEC, MDP-TEC, MIBI-TEC e MDP-TEC apresentaram resultados de % PRq e biodistribuição que atenderam às especificações, enquanto que CIS-TEC, PUL-TEC e TIN-TEC apresentaram alguns valores de % PRq menor que o especificado. TIN-TEC apresentou % PRq de 84% em um de três lotes, enquanto PUL-TEC apresentou % PRq de 88% em um de quatro lotes analisados; CIS-TEC é um RL que ainda precisa melhor analisado pois os resultados fora do especificado no controle radioquímico e biológico foram obtidos com um produto fora da validade especificada. Estes resultados indicaram que a pureza radioquímica pode ser afetada pela condição de estudo, o que não foi confirmado pelo controle biológico. / Radiopharmaceuticals are pharmaceuticals that have in their composition a radionuclide and are used for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in nuclear medicine. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and humidity on the stability of some lyophilized reagents: ALBUMINA-TEC, CIS-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, FITA-TEC, PUL-TEC, MIBI-TEC, MDP-TEC, PIRO-TEC and TIN-TEC. A climatic chamber was used for exposing some samples of these products to a temperature of 40 °C and 75% RH for 48 hours to simulate a transport condition. Two situations were evaluated: after a certain storage time at 2 - 8 °C, LR samples were exposed for 48 hours at 40 °C and 75% RH and analyzed while other samples were placed for 48 hours at 40 °C and 75% RH, kept at 2 - 8 °C until the expiration time of each radiopharmaceutical and analyzed for radiochemical purity and biodistribution. ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, PIRO-TEC, MDP-TEC, MIBI-TEC and MDP-TEC presented results of % RCP and biodistribution that met the specifications while CIS-TEC PUL-TEC and TIN-TEC presented some % RCP lower than specified. TIN-TEC presented % RCP of 84% in one of three lots while PUL-TEC presented % RCP of 88% in a one of four batches analyzed; CIS-TEC is a LR that further need to be analyzed because probable the out of specification results of radiochemical and biological controls were obtained with a product outside of the validity date. These results indicated that radiochemical purity, can be affected by study condition, which has not been confirmed by biological control.

Os radiofármacos são substâncias que possuem radioisótopos em sua composição. Cerca de 95% dos procedimentos realizados em medicina nuclear faz o uso de radiofármacos com finalidade diagnóstica, sendo os reagentes liofilizados (RL) marcados com Tecnécio-99 meta estável (99mTc), obtido a partir de um gerador de 99Mo/99mTc, os mais utilizados. O controle de qualidade representa o conjunto de ensaios a serem realizados para certificar que o produto é adequado ao propósito. Um aspecto importante a ser avaliado nos radiofármacos de 99mTc é a pureza radioquímica (% PRq) para quantificação de pertecnetato livre (99mTcO4 -) e tecnécio coloidal (99mTcO2), principalmente por cromatografia em papel (CP), em camada delgada (CCD) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a comparação das metodologias de controle radioquímico de RL marcados com 99mTc descritas nas farmacopéias americana (FA) e europeia (FE) com aquelas utilizadas no IPEN. O eluído de 99mTcO4 e os RL: DISIDA, DMSA, DTPA, EC, ECD, GHA, MIBI, MDP, PIRO, SAH e Sn Coloidal foram provenientes do IPEN-CNEN/SP. Foram utilizados os suportes cromatográficos TLC-celulose, TLC-SG,TLC-SG fase reversa, HPTLC-celulose e HPTLC-SG da Merck e ITLC-SG da Pall Corporation, W1MM, W3MM, W17M e W31ET da Whatman. A contagem da radioatividade foi feita em contador gama Perkin Elmer modelo Cobra D-5002. A marcação dos RL foi feita de modo a obter concentração radioativa de 55,0 MBq mL-1 (1,5 mCi mL-1). Foram determinadas as %99mTcO4 -, %99mTcO2 e % PRq até 4 horas de marcação. Dos 11 RL, apenas EC e GHA não possuem método de controle radioquímico na FA e FE. Na FA e/ou na FE, os métodos para DTPA, MDP, PIRO, SAH e Sn Coloidal utilizam ITLC-SG; no IPEN, este suporte cromatográfico é utilizado em DISIDA, EC, ECD, GHA, PIRO, MIBI e SAH. Devido à descontinuidade na fabricação de ITLC-SG (recomendado em 40, 70 e 41% das metodologias da FA, FE e IPEN, respectivamente), foi necessário buscar alternativas para sua substituição no controle radioquímico, avaliando-se suportes do tipo HPTLC (celulose e sílica gel) e Whatman (com diferenças de espessura e fluxo de corrida). Os resultados de % PRq determinada pelos métodos descritos na FA, FE, IPEN e os demais sistemas avaliados que apresentaram coeficiente de variação menor que 5% não foi considerada diferença significativa entre os métodos. Os sistemas cromatográficos avaliados neste trabalho podem ser utilizados em substituição ao suporte ITLC-SG. O HPTLC-celulose foi o suporte que apresentou tempo de análise, perfil cromatográfico e custo semelhante ao ITLC-SG, tornando-o um dos suportes mais indicados a ser utilizado como alternativa ao ITLC-SG nos 11 RL avaliados. / Radiopharmaceuticals are substances that have radioisotopes in their composition. About 95% of the procedures performed in nuclear medicine use radiopharmaceuticals with diagnostic pruposes, and the Lyophilized Reagents (LR) labeled with Technetium-99m (99mTc), obtained from 99Mo/99mTc generator, are the most one used. Quality Control represents the set of assays to be performed to assure that the product is adequate to its purpose. An important feature to be evaluated in 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals is the radiochemical purity (% RqP) to quantify free pertechnetate (99mTcO4 -) and technetium colloidal (99mTcO2) mainly by paper chromatography (PC), thin layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The objective of this work was to perfom the comparison among the radiochemical control methodologies of LR labeled with 99mTc, described in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and those used by IPEN. 99mTcO4 - eluate and DISIDA, DMSA, DTPA, EC, ECD, GHA, MIBI, MDP, PIRO, SAH and Sn Coloidal LR were provided by IPEN-CNEN/SP. TLC-celulose, TLC-SG,TLC-SG reverse phase, HPTLC-celulose, HPTLC-SG (Merck) and ITLC-SG (Pall Corporation), W1MM, W3MM, W17M e W31ET (Whatman) chromatographic plates were used. The measurement of the radioactivity was done in a Perkin Elmer Cobra D-5002 gamma counter. LR were labeled to obtain 55,0 MBq mL-1 (1,5 mCi mL-1) of final radioactive concentration. The %99mTcO4 -, %99mTcO2 and % RqP were determined up to 4 hour labeling. From 11 LR, only EC and GHA have no radiochemical control methods in USP and EP. In USP and/or EP, DTPA, MDP, PIRO, SAH and Sn Coloidal methods use ITLC-SG; IPEN uses this chromatography plate in DISIDA, EC, ECD, GHA, PIRO, MIBI and SAH. As ITLC-SG had been out of production (recommended in 40, 70 and 41% of the USP, EP and IPEN methodologies, respectively), it was necessary to search alternatives to replace ITLC-SG plate in the radiochemical control, comparing with HPTLC (cellulose and silica gel) and Whatman plates (with thickness and flow rate differences). The % RqP results determined by the methods described in USP, EP, IPEN and the methods evaluated in this work presented coefficient of variation less than 5%, and it was not considered a significant value among the methods. Some chromatographic systems evaluated in this work can be used as replacement to the ITLC-SG plate. HPTLC-cellulose was the plate that presented time of analysis chromatography profile and cost similar to ITLC-SG, making it one of the most indicated to replace ITLC-SG, in 11 LR evaluated.

Os radiofármacos são fármacos que possuem em sua composição um radionuclídeo e são utilizados para diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças na medicina nuclear. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e umidade na estabilidade de alguns reagentes liofilizados ALBUMINA-TEC, CIS-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, FITA-TEC, PUL-TEC, MIBI-TEC, MDP-TEC, PIRO-TEC, e TIN-TEC. Foi utilizada uma câmara climática para expor amostras destes produtos a uma temperatura de 40 °C e 75% de umidade relativa por 48 horas, para simular uma condição de transporte. Foram avaliadas duas situações: após um determinado tempo de armazenamento em temperatura de 2 - 8 °C, amostras de RL foram expostas por 48 horas em 40 °C e 75% UR e em seguida foram analisadas enquanto outras amostras foram colocadas por 48 horas em 40 °C e 75% UR, mantidas em temperatura de 2 - 8 °C até a validade do radiofármaco e analisadas quanto à pureza radioquímica e biodistribuição. Os radiofármacos ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, PIRO-TEC, MDP-TEC, MIBI-TEC e MDP-TEC apresentaram resultados de % PRq e biodistribuição que atenderam às especificações, enquanto que CIS-TEC, PUL-TEC e TIN-TEC apresentaram alguns valores de % PRq menor que o especificado. TIN-TEC apresentou % PRq de 84% em um de três lotes, enquanto PUL-TEC apresentou % PRq de 88% em um de quatro lotes analisados; CIS-TEC é um RL que ainda precisa melhor analisado pois os resultados fora do especificado no controle radioquímico e biológico foram obtidos com um produto fora da validade especificada. Estes resultados indicaram que a pureza radioquímica pode ser afetada pela condição de estudo, o que não foi confirmado pelo controle biológico. / Radiopharmaceuticals are pharmaceuticals that have in their composition a radionuclide and are used for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in nuclear medicine. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and humidity on the stability of some lyophilized reagents: ALBUMINA-TEC, CIS-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, FITA-TEC, PUL-TEC, MIBI-TEC, MDP-TEC, PIRO-TEC and TIN-TEC. A climatic chamber was used for exposing some samples of these products to a temperature of 40 °C and 75% RH for 48 hours to simulate a transport condition. Two situations were evaluated: after a certain storage time at 2 - 8 °C, LR samples were exposed for 48 hours at 40 °C and 75% RH and analyzed while other samples were placed for 48 hours at 40 °C and 75% RH, kept at 2 - 8 °C until the expiration time of each radiopharmaceutical and analyzed for radiochemical purity and biodistribution. ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, PIRO-TEC, MDP-TEC, MIBI-TEC and MDP-TEC presented results of % RCP and biodistribution that met the specifications while CIS-TEC PUL-TEC and TIN-TEC presented some % RCP lower than specified. TIN-TEC presented % RCP of 84% in one of three lots while PUL-TEC presented % RCP of 88% in a one of four batches analyzed; CIS-TEC is a LR that further need to be analyzed because probable the out of specification results of radiochemical and biological controls were obtained with a product outside of the validity date. These results indicated that radiochemical purity, can be affected by study condition, which has not been confirmed by biological control.

Os radiofármacos são substâncias que possuem radioisótopos em sua composição. Cerca de 95% dos procedimentos realizados em medicina nuclear faz o uso de radiofármacos com finalidade diagnóstica, sendo os reagentes liofilizados (RL) marcados com Tecnécio-99 meta estável (99mTc), obtido a partir de um gerador de 99Mo/99mTc, os mais utilizados. O controle de qualidade representa o conjunto de ensaios a serem realizados para certificar que o produto é adequado ao propósito. Um aspecto importante a ser avaliado nos radiofármacos de 99mTc é a pureza radioquímica (% PRq) para quantificação de pertecnetato livre (99mTcO4 -) e tecnécio coloidal (99mTcO2), principalmente por cromatografia em papel (CP), em camada delgada (CCD) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a comparação das metodologias de controle radioquímico de RL marcados com 99mTc descritas nas farmacopéias americana (FA) e europeia (FE) com aquelas utilizadas no IPEN. O eluído de 99mTcO4 e os RL: DISIDA, DMSA, DTPA, EC, ECD, GHA, MIBI, MDP, PIRO, SAH e Sn Coloidal foram provenientes do IPEN-CNEN/SP. Foram utilizados os suportes cromatográficos TLC-celulose, TLC-SG,TLC-SG fase reversa, HPTLC-celulose e HPTLC-SG da Merck e ITLC-SG da Pall Corporation, W1MM, W3MM, W17M e W31ET da Whatman. A contagem da radioatividade foi feita em contador gama Perkin Elmer modelo Cobra D-5002. A marcação dos RL foi feita de modo a obter concentração radioativa de 55,0 MBq mL-1 (1,5 mCi mL-1). Foram determinadas as %99mTcO4 -, %99mTcO2 e % PRq até 4 horas de marcação. Dos 11 RL, apenas EC e GHA não possuem método de controle radioquímico na FA e FE. Na FA e/ou na FE, os métodos para DTPA, MDP, PIRO, SAH e Sn Coloidal utilizam ITLC-SG; no IPEN, este suporte cromatográfico é utilizado em DISIDA, EC, ECD, GHA, PIRO, MIBI e SAH. Devido à descontinuidade na fabricação de ITLC-SG (recomendado em 40, 70 e 41% das metodologias da FA, FE e IPEN, respectivamente), foi necessário buscar alternativas para sua substituição no controle radioquímico, avaliando-se suportes do tipo HPTLC (celulose e sílica gel) e Whatman (com diferenças de espessura e fluxo de corrida). Os resultados de % PRq determinada pelos métodos descritos na FA, FE, IPEN e os demais sistemas avaliados que apresentaram coeficiente de variação menor que 5% não foi considerada diferença significativa entre os métodos. Os sistemas cromatográficos avaliados neste trabalho podem ser utilizados em substituição ao suporte ITLC-SG. O HPTLC-celulose foi o suporte que apresentou tempo de análise, perfil cromatográfico e custo semelhante ao ITLC-SG, tornando-o um dos suportes mais indicados a ser utilizado como alternativa ao ITLC-SG nos 11 RL avaliados. / Radiopharmaceuticals are substances that have radioisotopes in their composition. About 95% of the procedures performed in nuclear medicine use radiopharmaceuticals with diagnostic pruposes, and the Lyophilized Reagents (LR) labeled with Technetium-99m (99mTc), obtained from 99Mo/99mTc generator, are the most one used. Quality Control represents the set of assays to be performed to assure that the product is adequate to its purpose. An important feature to be evaluated in 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals is the radiochemical purity (% RqP) to quantify free pertechnetate (99mTcO4 -) and technetium colloidal (99mTcO2) mainly by paper chromatography (PC), thin layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The objective of this work was to perfom the comparison among the radiochemical control methodologies of LR labeled with 99mTc, described in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and those used by IPEN. 99mTcO4 - eluate and DISIDA, DMSA, DTPA, EC, ECD, GHA, MIBI, MDP, PIRO, SAH and Sn Coloidal LR were provided by IPEN-CNEN/SP. TLC-celulose, TLC-SG,TLC-SG reverse phase, HPTLC-celulose, HPTLC-SG (Merck) and ITLC-SG (Pall Corporation), W1MM, W3MM, W17M e W31ET (Whatman) chromatographic plates were used. The measurement of the radioactivity was done in a Perkin Elmer Cobra D-5002 gamma counter. LR were labeled to obtain 55,0 MBq mL-1 (1,5 mCi mL-1) of final radioactive concentration. The %99mTcO4 -, %99mTcO2 and % RqP were determined up to 4 hour labeling. From 11 LR, only EC and GHA have no radiochemical control methods in USP and EP. In USP and/or EP, DTPA, MDP, PIRO, SAH and Sn Coloidal methods use ITLC-SG; IPEN uses this chromatography plate in DISIDA, EC, ECD, GHA, PIRO, MIBI and SAH. As ITLC-SG had been out of production (recommended in 40, 70 and 41% of the USP, EP and IPEN methodologies, respectively), it was necessary to search alternatives to replace ITLC-SG plate in the radiochemical control, comparing with HPTLC (cellulose and silica gel) and Whatman plates (with thickness and flow rate differences). The % RqP results determined by the methods described in USP, EP, IPEN and the methods evaluated in this work presented coefficient of variation less than 5%, and it was not considered a significant value among the methods. Some chromatographic systems evaluated in this work can be used as replacement to the ITLC-SG plate. HPTLC-cellulose was the plate that presented time of analysis chromatography profile and cost similar to ITLC-SG, making it one of the most indicated to replace ITLC-SG, in 11 LR evaluated.