Thesis (Th. M.)--Westminster Theological Seminary (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2007. / Typescript. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-238).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 2002. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-291).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 2002. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-291).

The Book of Leviticus has been described as the ‘first hygiene text’ based upon the observation that Leviticus contains a great deal of matter relating to two conditions. The first is צרעת translated in the Septuagint as λέπρα and confused in English translations with modern leprosy. The second, זוב was misused as a generic term for a whole spectrum of genital discharges. Apart from these, Leviticus contains nothing of a ‘medical’ nature. The question arises, as to whether these terms implied any sort of medical context or whether their only significance was as markers of ritual impurity to the priesthood. In Chapter 1 this question is developed and an hypothesis arrived at. A hermeneutic and methodology for the study are introduced and discussed. Chapter 2 is a review of the state of developing ‘medical practice’ in the Ancient Near East. Chapter 3 is concerned with the ideology of the levitical priesthood and their worldview in particular in respect of the establishment and operation of practice of ritual. Chapter 4 treats on the Levitical notion of impurity considered from both taxonomical and sociological standpoints and these approaches are discussed in the context of the present study. Chapters 5 and 6 each contain a detailed ‘medical exegesis’ of chapters 13 and 15 of Leviticus dealing with צרעת and .זוב Chapter 7 contains a similar treatment of the biblical notion of blemish and addresses the question of whether this was a mark of impurity like צרעת and .זוב In Chapter 8 embodies idea of contagion in the context of the ‘hygienic’ theme in Leviticus and the priests’ concern with what might imperil sacred objects. Chapter 9 employs context logometrical analysis in a detailed study of the word צרעת and whether there was, in Ancient Israel, any relationship, adverse or synergic between the activities of the priests in preserving purity, and early healthcare practice. Chapter 10 is a discussion of how צרעת has been seen from a theological perspective. While the exact nature of צרעת remains unknown, its biblical context — levitical and non levitical — is considered in relation to modern theories of the relationship of the impurity laws, sin and the wholeness↔ healthcare dynamic. Chapter 11 is a presentation of the conclusions that may be drawn from this study in respect of the wholeness↔ holiness paradigm posited in the hypothesis. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence to suggest that the priesthood saw צרעת and זוב in any terms commensurate with modern pathology and clinical medicine. Consequently it would be wrong to suppose, as many authors have, that in the levitical context, countermeasures to these conditions, though diagnostic, were hygienic in the modern, medical, — they were not, nor were they ever envisaged to be. That some of these measures subsequently found a significant place in preventive medicine appears to have been both fortuitous and fortunate.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A quantificação da atividade de radionuclídeos emissores de raios gama em amostras medidas por espectrometria gama com detectores HPGe depende da análise dos fotopicos presentes no espectro, especialmente da determinação exata das suas áreas líquidas. Tal análise é geralmente realizada com o auxílio de ferramentas de software proprietário. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia, descrição de algoritmos e um aplicativo de código aberto, denominado OpenGamma, para a busca e análise de fotopicos a fim de se obter seus parâmetros relevantes e as atividades dos radionuclídeos na amostra. A implementação computacional é distribuída sob licença aberta para o código principal e com o uso de pacotes de software aberto para o projeto da interface e para bibliotecas matemáticas. O procedimento para a busca de picos é realizado em três etapas. Primeiramente, executa-se uma pesquisa preliminar com o método da segunda diferença, que consiste na geração de um espectro derivado para a busca de picos candidatos. Na segunda etapa, calculam-se as larguras experimentais dos picos, dos quais escolhem-se aqueles bem formados e isolados para a obtenção da função de ajuste da largura vs. canal, por meio do método de Levenberg-Marquardt para ajustes não-lineares. Por fim, regiões do espectro com picos agrupados são delimitadas e novo ajuste não-linear é aplicado a cada região para a obtenção dos termos da linha de base e dos fotopicos. A partir destes termos, são calculadas as áreas líquidas dos picos. Para a determinação da atividade, curvas de calibração de eficiência previamente obtidas, bem como dados de transições gama dos radionuclídeos, são incorporadas ao código e aplicadas. O código foi escrito em linguagem C++ e a interface foi desenvolvida com a ferramenta Qt. Para as funções matemáticas e procedimentos de ajuste, foi usada a biblioteca científica GNU (GSL). A validação de código foi feita por meio da análise de: 1) espectros sintéticos de teste da AIEA, especialmente desenhados para a avaliação de desempenho de software; 2) espectros obtidos com amostras de exercícios de intercomparação e 3) espectros da rotina de trabalho do Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental (LRA) do IPEN e analisados com o aplicativo comercial InterWinner. Os resultados obtidos são consistentes com os valores de referência e com aqueles obtidos pelo aplicativo citado, sugerindo que o código OpenGamma pode ser utilizado com segurança na espectrometria de raios gama de uso geral. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The Dead Sea Scrolls provide verifiable everyday depictions of mixed communities of elite and ordinary Essenes in the Second Temple period. However, to date, scholarship on purity and impurity in the Dead Sea Scrolls has been mainly concerned with establishing an elite - predominantly male focused - history. This thesis aims to redress this imbalance through the application of contemporary theories from Gender Studies to selected purity passages of the Dead Sea Scrolls, to challenge the view that women are an uncontrollable and leaky problem when they are impure and to bring the uncontrollable aspects of the impure and vulnerable male into discussion. This will be achieved in four ways. Firstly, by applying Raewyn Connell’s hegemonic masculinity framework, I will use references to the Rule of the Community (in its 1QS form) and the War Scroll (in its 1QM form), to demonstrate the vulnerable and uncontrollable aspects of ordinary male impurities. This will reveal the evolving vulnerability of men when impure and the dimensions at play between masculinity and purity/impurity. Secondly, the embodied and empowered aspects of impure women will be revealed through an application of embodiment theories to selected passages from 4QD (4Q266 and 4Q272) and 4QTohorot A (4Q274). This will demonstrate from an empowered and embodied perspective how the impure female is regulated. Thirdly, I will be applying Susies Scott’s three conceptual features for understanding the everyday to the Temple Scroll (11QTa) and the Rule of the Congregation (1QSa) to demonstrate the changing dynamics between ordinary impure males and impure females. When necessary Scott’s three conceptual features will be used throughout each of the three principal chapters to reveal how impurity disrupts the construction of daily life. Fourthly, underlying each of these points is the premise that gender and purity in the Dead Sea Scrolls communities are performative, dynamic and constantly changing categories. To conclude, the application of inter-disciplinary approaches provides an enhanced understanding of the everyday realities experienced by the pure and impure ordinary members of the Dead Sea Scrolls communities and forms the basis for additional studies in this topic area.

This paper is about the representations of the female body in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar. The pure female body, the sexual female body and motherhood (the female body as a mother) are analysed through an ecofeminist perspective. The way the bodies are represented describe much more than what is on the surface, and through an ecofeminist perspective the reader can understand what is said beyond the words. The female body will also, at times, be analysed in correlation with its relationship with nature in order to understand the way the protagonist, Esther Greenwood views other female bodies. This analysis will lend itself to the reader to further understand Sylvia Plath’s protagonist and how Plath uniquely represents female bodies and the characters in charge of their female bodies.

No description available.

No abstract provided. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)