Submitted by JOÃO AUGUSTO LEONEL DE SOUZA null (desouza.ja@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T16:38:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final.pdf: 1556586 bytes, checksum: e53dadd03ff83fdae3ae4b4e49d912ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-13T13:15:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_jal_me_jabo.pdf: 1556586 bytes, checksum: e53dadd03ff83fdae3ae4b4e49d912ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T13:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_jal_me_jabo.pdf: 1556586 bytes, checksum: e53dadd03ff83fdae3ae4b4e49d912ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A mielografia é muito realizada na prática veterinária, entretanto, existem importantes efeitos adversos associados a ela. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos sobre a pressão subaracnoide, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios (TC, FR, FC, PAS, PAD, PAM, EtCO2, SpO2, InspISO e FeISO) e do índice de pressão-volume (PVI) em ovelhas hígidas submetidas à mielografia lombar. Foram utilizados 8 ovinos fêmeas sadios, os quais foram pré-medicados com Midazolan (0,5 mg/Kg), indução anestésica com Propofol (3-6 mg/Kg) e manutenção anestésica com Isoflurano. Primeiramente, os animais foram submetidos à punção da cisterna magna para monitoramento da pressão subaracnoide (Sap). Ato contínuo, foi realizado a mielografia lombar por meio da aplicação de Iohexol (300 mg/mL, taxa de 4,1 mL/min e dose de 0,4 mL/Kg). Os momentos estudados foram: imediatamente após a estabilização anestésica (M0), durante a punção lombar (M1), dois, quatro e seis minutos após a aplicação do contraste (M2, M3 e M4, respectivamente). A Sap foi colhida imediatamente após à punção atlanto-occipital (Sap0), o maior valor durante a aplicação do meio de contraste (Sapmax), dois, quatro e seis minutos após a aplicação do meio de contraste (Sap2, Sap3 e Sap4, respectivamente). Constataram-se diferenças significativas a 5% de confiança entre os momentos as variáveis: TC, PAS, PAD, PAM, InspISO, FeISO Sap e PPC pelo teste de Tukey. Com a correlação de Pearson TC/FR, FC/SpO2, FC/FR, FR/PAS, FR/PAD, FR/PAM, FR/PPC, Sap/PAS, PAD/Sap, PAM/Sap, EtCO2/SPO2, EtCO2/InsplSO, PAD/PAS, PAS/PAM, PAM/PAD, FelSO/InsplSO e Sap/PPC. Com base nos resultados concluímos que os valores de PVI, para a espécie ovina, com a metodologia empregada foi de 17,91 mL. Durante a realização da mielografia lombar ocorre aumento significativo da Sap (média de 101,87 mmHg), provocando grave redução da PPC. / The myelography is very accomplished in veterinary practice, however there are significant adverse effects associated with it. The aim of this research was to evaluate the possible effects of subarachnoid pressure, cardiorespiratory parameters (TC, FR, FC, PAS, PAD, PAM, EtCO2, SpO2, InspISO and FeISO) and pressure-volume index (PVI) in sheep otherwise healthy undergoing lumbar myelography. 8 healthy female sheep were used, which were pre-medicated with midazolam (0.5 mg / kg) anesthetic induction with propofol (3-6 mg / kg) and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane. First, the animals were submitted to the puncture of the cisterna magna and pressure monitoring. Subsequently, the lumbar myelography was performed by application of iohexol (300 mg / ml at rate 4.1 ml / min and a dose of 0.4 ml / kg). The time points studied were: immediately after anesthetic stabilization (M0) during a lumbar puncture (M1), two, four and six minutes after application of contrast (M2, M3 and M4, respectively). Subarachnoid pressure (Sap) was taken immediately after the atlanto-occipital punch (Sap0), the largest value during application of the contrast medium (Sapmax), two, four and six minutes after application of the contrast medium (SAP2, Sap3 and Sap4, respectively). They found significant differences at 5% confidence between times the variables TC, PAS, PAD, PAM, InspISO, FeISO Sap and PPC by Tukey test. With the Pearson correlation TC/FR, FC/SpO2, FC/FR, FR/PAS, FR/PAD, FR/PAM, FR/PPC, Sap/PAS, PAD/Sap, PAM/Sap, EtCO2/SPO2, EtCO2/InsplSO, PAD/PAS, PAS/PAM, PAM/PAD, FelSO/InsplSO and Sap/PPC Based on the results we conclude that the PVI values for the sheep, the methodology employed was 17.91 mL, close to normal values for adults of the human species. While performing the lumbar myelography is significant increase in Sap (average of 101.87 mmHg), causing severe reduction in PPC.

Successful human adenovirus (HAdV) replication relies on multiple protein-protein interactions between viral and host proteins. HAdV type 5 (HAdV-5) pVI is a multifaceted protein necessary for viral endosomal escape, activation of viral protease, as well as nuclear shuttling of certain viral proteins. Preliminary mass spectrometry experiments indicated that pVI can bind cellular importins and histone chaperones, of which many are considered novel pVI targets. Here, the binding of the pVI protein to cellular importins was validated, and preliminary studies were done to characterize whether HAdV-5 infection changes importin levels in the infected cells. The validation studies were inconclusive, but it was observed that the accumulation of the importin proteins was not altered in during HAdV-5 infection. In addition, the role of NAP1L1 and NAP1L4, two ubiquitously expressed histone chaperones, was examined during HAdV-5 infection and their effect on HAdV-5 genome structure. Here, it is shown that NAP1L1 knockdown affected viral mRNA and protein as well as hindered viral histone-like protein pVII deposition onto viral DNA during the late stage of infection. In contrast, the NAP1L4 protein was shown to co-localize to viral replication centers (VRCs), and its elimination promoted the pVII protein deposition on virus DNA. These results suggest that NAP1L1 is involved in viral transcription and chromatin assembly, whereas NAP1L4 has anti-viral properties during the assembly process.

Yes / Purpose: To determine presenting visual acuity levels and explore the factors associated with failing vision screening in a multi-ethnic population of UK children aged 4–5 years. Methods: Visual acuity (VA) using the logMAR Crowded Test was measured in 16,541 children in a population-based vision screening programme. Referral for cycloplegic examination was based on national recommendations (>0.20logMAR in one or both eyes). Presenting visual impairment (PVI) was defined as VA >0.3logMAR in the better eye. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of ethnicity, maternal, and early-life factors with failing vision screening and PVI in participants of the Born in Bradford birth cohort. Results: In total, 2467/16,541 (15%) failed vision screening, 732 (4.4%) had PVI. Children of Pakistani (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.74–3.60) and other ethnicities (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.28–3.12) showed increased odds of PVI compared to white children. Children born to older mothers (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.19–2.24) and of low birth weight (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.00–2.34) also showed increased odds. Follow-up results were available for 1068 (43.3%) children, 993 (93%) were true positives; 932 (94%) of these had significant refractive error. Astigmatism (>1DC) (44%) was more common in children of Pakistani ethnicity and hypermetropia (>3.0DS) (27%) in white children (Fisher’s exact, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A high prevalence of PVI is reported. Failing vision screening and PVI were highly associated with ethnicity. The positive predictive value of the vision screening programme was good, with only 7% of children followed up confirmed as false positives. / National Institute for Health Research Post-Doctoral Fellowship Award (PDF-2013-06-050); The Born in Bradford study presents independent research commissioned by the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (NIHR CLAHRC) and the Programme Grants for Applied Research funding scheme (RP-PG-0407-10044).

L’objectif de la thèse est d'évaluer l’apport des données satellites dans le suivi saisonnier de la végétation forestière (sous-bois et strate arborée). L'étude a été conduite sur la forêt landaise. Elle est basée sur une série de sept ans d'observations satellitaires décadaires d’un indice de végétation (PVI) et de mesures in situ de la surface foliaire (LAI) du sous-bois et des arbres. Tout d’abord, les observations in-situ ont été analysées. Elles montrent que le sous-bois est le déterminant majeur de la trajectoire saisonnière du LAI de l’ensemble du couvert végétal. Puis, ces informations ont été comparées aux données satellitaires. Il apparaît que la phénologie printanière du PVI renseigne sur celle du LAI du sous-bois. Enfin, ces résultats été exploités à l’échelle régionale et une carte régionale des types de landes a pu être produite. Cette étude ouvre des perspectives en matière d'intégration et de spatialisation des bilans d'eau et de carbone des écosystèmes forestiers à l'échelle régionale. / The aim of this thesis is to assess the potential of the remote sensing data to monitor the seasonal dynamic of the forest vegetation (understory and tree canopy). The study has been carried out on the maritime pine forest in the Southwest of France. It is based on a 7-year time-series of the 10-day vegetation index PVI composite derived from satellite and on in situ leaf area measurements (LAI) of understory and tree story.At first, the in situ observations have been analysed. It shows that the understory vegetation is the main driver of the seasonal dynamic of the whole forest LAI (understory+tree story). Then, these informations have been compared with the time-series of remote sensed PVI . It appears that the spring phenology of the PVI informs directly about the LAI understory one.Finally, these results have been used at the regional scale and a regional map of the lande types has been produced. This study opens some new prospects about integration and spatialisation of water and carbon balance of forest ecosystems at regional scale.

Cette thèse traite la typologie rythmique, c'est-à-dire la catégorisation des langues en différentes classes sur la base de phénomènes rythmiques. Les études de ce domaine ont débuté avec Pike (1945) et Abercrombie (1967), qui ont introduit la célèbre dichotomie de langues à isochronie accentuelle (ou isoaccentuelles) et à isochronie syllabique (ou isosyllabiques). Depuis que de nombreuses études ont démenti les hypothèses d'isochronie syllabique et accentuelle, il a été proposé (cf. Bertinetto, 1981, et Dauer 1983) que l'impression perceptuelle d'isochronie soit issue des propriétés structurelles de chaque langue, comme par exemple la présence/absence de clusters consonantiques complexes et de réduction vocalique. Plus récemment, certains auteurs ont élaboré des corrélats acoustiques de ces propriétés (cf. Ramus, Nespor & Mehler, 1999, Grabe & Low, 2002, etc.) basés sur des mesures de durée des séquences vocaliques et consonantiques. Les recherches présentées dans cette thèse se situent exactement dans ce cadre. On présente certaines expériences basées essentiellement sur un corpus d'échantillons sonores comparables de 61 locuteurs de 21 langues, récoltés et segmentés manuellement dans ce but. La structure de la thèse est plutôt atypique, dans les sens où elle n'est pas divisée en deux parties nettement séparées, une présentant l'état de l'art, l'autre exposant les expériences, mais s'efforce de fondre ces deux aspects. Chaque chapitre se concentre sur une ou plusieurs problématiques liées au rythme des langues et contient une discussion des études sur le sujet ainsi qu'une analyse des expériences menées. La recherche dans le domaine de la typologie rythmique, du début jusqu'aux approches plus modernes, est exposée dans le chapitre 2 en suivant le leitmotiv de la dichotomie traditionnelle qui oppose les langues isosyllabique et isoaccentuelles. Ce chapitre présente également une expérience inspirée par des publications récentes (cf. Wagner & Dellwo, 2004, et Asu & Nolan, 2006): la distance entre attaques syllabiques (une mesure abandonnée dans les approches modernes mais qui a été au centre de l'attention dans le passé) est utilisée comme indice de complexité syllabique. Cette mesure fournit des valeurs encourageantes sur des échantillons dans 5 langues par un locuteur multilingue (donc dans des conditions extrêmement contrôlées), mais les résultats sont moins convaincants lorsqu'ils sont appliqués à des données de plusieurs locuteurs et plusieurs langues. Le chapitre 3 se concentre plus spécifiquement sur les corrélats du rythme. Les principales études dans ce domaine sont exposées avec une discussion des formules et des problématiques pratiques et méthodologiques, comme la normalisation de la vitesse d'élocution et les critères utilisés lors de la segmentation. Sont ensuite présentées et analysées les valeurs des nombreux corrélats du rythme (notamment %V, ΔC, ΔV, varcoC, varcoV, rPVI, nPVI, cCCI et vCCI) pour le corpus entier de 21 langues. Les différents corrélats produisent parfois des valeurs différentes pour des langues spécifiques, mais le cadre générale reste à peu près inaltéré: les langues dites isoaccentuelles tendent à avoir une plus grande variabilité de durées vocaliques et consonantiques par rapport aux langues dites isosyllabiques et isomoraïques. Une expérience finale fournit un point de départ pour avancer des hypothèses à propos de l'inclusion de fo et intensité dans les modèles du rythme. L'implémentation et le fonctionnement de Correlatore sont illustrés dans le chapitre 4. Ce logiciel a été développé dans le cadre de la thèse avec le but d'automatiser le calcul des corrélats du rythme et se révèle un outil extrêmement utile. Le chapitre 5 introduit le thème de la variation et de la variabilité du rythme. Après une analyse des rares études dans ce domaine, on présente les résultats des corrélats sur des données spécifiques selon une approche qui ouvre des perspectives intéressantes. Il est démontré que la variabilité des valeurs des corrélats n'indique pas simplement une instabilité de ceux-ci, mais suit un schéma cohérent, avec des valeurs croissantes de variabilité selon l'échelle intra-locuteur / inter- locuteur / inter-dialecte et inter-langue. Finalement, le focus se déplace au niveau de la perception, puisque la capacité présumée de catégoriser des stimuli linguistiques sur la base du rythme de la part d'auditeurs naïfs a été peu étudiée jusqu'à présent. A la suite d'une discussion concernant les différentes procédures de dé-lexicalisation, on présente un test perceptif administré à 43 participants. Les résultats mettent en doute l'affirmation que la dichotomie de langues isoaccentuelles et isosyllabiques soit enracinée dans la perception. Les conclusions discutent l'efficacité des corrélats rythmiques et la possibilité d'inclure fo et intensité dans un modèle du rythme. On argumente à la fin l'exigence de passer à une représentation scalaire et bipolaire du rythme des langues.

Submitted by Lucas Custodio Recco null (recco_natacao@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-16T18:05:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação tese final 1.pdf: 2637411 bytes, checksum: a84a13ce10364272026f9558f59c65df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-23T12:35:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 recco_lc_me_bot.pdf: 2637411 bytes, checksum: a84a13ce10364272026f9558f59c65df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-23T12:35:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 recco_lc_me_bot.pdf: 2637411 bytes, checksum: a84a13ce10364272026f9558f59c65df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho foram estudadas síntese e caracterização de filmes finos híbrido de polímeros escovas constituídos de polieletrolíticos reforçados com nanotubos de carbono sobre o substrato de óxido de índio e estanho (ITO). Para a caracterização das superfícies dos filmes foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), energia dispersiva de raio-x (EDX) e espectroscopia Raman. Foram avaliadas diferentes propriedades estímulo-responsivas dos polímeros escovas que levam a modificações estruturais dos filmes como a influência de pH e da força iônica. Os polímeros escolhidos como modelos foram os polímeros Poli (Vinil Imidazol)-(PVI) e Poli (Àcido Acrilíco)-(PAA). Os ensaios eletroquímicos evidenciaram uma dependência da conformação dos polímeros escovas com a variação de pH e da força iônica e também revelaram o aumento da capacitância desses polímeros quando reforçados com os nanotubos de carbono, sendo que, o PVI obteve melhor resposta quando exposto a pH ácido, uma vez que suas cadeias poliméricas estavam estendidas e carregadas positivamente, permitindo a difusão da espécie redox carregada negativamente até a superfície do eletrodo. O PAA também obteve melhor resposta em meio ácido. Nesse caso as cadeias colapsadas aproximam os tubos do transdutor (ITO), facilitando a troca do par redox. Após a caracterização dos referidos polímeros, os mesmos foram testados como sensores para o monitoramento de hormônios e neurotransmissores que desempenham funções importantes no nosso organismo. / This study describes the synthesis and characterization of hybrid polyelectrolyte based on polymer brush reinforced multi-layer type carbon nanotubes. The characterization of the thin films we used the scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy . The influence of pH and ionic strength were evaluated by electrochemical technique. The polymers Poly (vinyl imidazole) - (PVI) and poly (acrylic acid) - (PAA) were used as matrix brush for anchoring the nanotubes. Electrochemical tests showed a dependence of the conformation of the brush polymers with pH change and ionic strength, and also showed the increase in capacitance of these polymers when reinforced with carbon nanotubes, and the PVI obtained a better response when exposed to acidic pH since its polymer chains were extended and positively charged, allowing the diffusion of negatively charged redox species to the electrode surface. The PAA also obtained better response in acid. In this case the collapsed chains near the transducer tubes (ITO) facilitate the electrons transference. The made electrodes were applied to monitor hormones and neurotransmitters that play important functions in our body.

Résumé : Au Québec méridional, la principale source de dégradation du sol est l'érosion causée par la pluie. L'augmentation de la monoculture en rangs dans les secteurs à topographie accidentée, tel que l'Estrie, accroît les risques d'érosion hydrique. En effet, ce type de culture laisse les champs à découvert, sans protection, au cours des mois de l'année les plus propices à l'érosion hydrique. On peut alors affirmer que les risques d'érosion varient en fonction de plusieurs facteurs, en particulier le degré de protection offert par le couvert végétal en place. Ainsi, pour l'amélioration du calcul des pertes de sol causée par l'érosion hydrique, il devient important de pouvoir calculer le plus précisément possible le pourcentage de couverture au sol de différentes cultures pour une saison végétative, en plus de l'érosivité des pluies dont l'agressivité varie dans le temps et dont l'effet est intimement relié au couvert en place. Des mesures radiométriques (CIMEL) et photographiques furent prises sur le terrain à intervalle d'environ dix jours pour six cultures dominantes. Les mesures radiométriques nous permettent de calculer les indices de végétation tandis que les photographies servent à estimer le taux de couverture végétale pour une saison végétative. L'utilisation d'images SPOT multidates va permettre de déterminer les relations entre les indices de végétation mesurés sur le terrain et ceux calculés avec l'imagerie satellitaire. Par la suite, la relation entre le taux de couverture et les indices de végétation pour chaque culture est établie. Les résultats démontrent différents comportements en terme de couvert, qui correspondent aux périodes de forts et faibles risques d'érosion hydrique pour une saison végétative. Il est également intéressant de constater que l'indice de végétation, en général, surestime le taux de couverture en début de saison et le sous-estime en fin de saison végétative. De plus, la sénescence pose un problème au calcul du taux de couverture à l'aide des indices de végétation, ces cerniers ayant été conçu pour l'estimation de la végétation verte vivante.|| Abstract : In southern Quebec, the main source of soil degradation is erosion induced by rain fall. The growing use of in-row crop planting practices in areas of rough terrain, such as The Eastern Townships, increases the risk of water erosion. These agricultural practices leave the bare soil with no protection during the months of high erosion risk. Erosion risks are related to several factors however, the main factor is the level of protection offered by the vegetation cover. To achieve more accurate results from the Universal Soil Loss Equation, the percentage of ground cover for different crop types should be calculated as precisely as possible, for an entire growing season. It is equally important to measure the strength and quantity of rainfall over the affected area. Field radiometric and photographic data were taken on an interval of approximately ten days for six main crop types. The radiometric measurements allow us to calculate the vegetation indices and the photographic measurements are used to calculate the amount of vegetal cover throughout a growing season. The use of multitemporal SPOT imagery assisted in establishing the relationship between the vegetation indices calculated from the field data, and the ones calculated from the satellite imagery. The relationship between the amount of vegetation ground cover and the vegetation indices for each crop type was then calculated. The results show different behaviours in terms of cover, which are related to the periods of high and low water erosion over a growing season. We can also observe that as a general rule the vegetation indices over-estimate the amount of vegetation ground cover at the beginning of the growing season and under-estimate it at the end. Senescent vegetation creates a problem when calculating the amount of ground cover with the indices since the indices were created to estimate living vegetation.

Following the historic election of Barack Obama, the largest overhaul of the nation's health care system since the Great Society, and with the country still reeling from the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression, a group of disenchanted conservative Republicans and elected leaders wary of government policy gave rise to a new political movement - the Tea Party. Since taking the American political system by storm in 2010, considerable research has focused on the electoral consequences of the Tea Party. Using an original dataset and the American National Election Study, I study the Tea Party Caucus at the elite level by analyzing roll call votes, incumbency, and endorsements, and at the mass level through an examination of congressional districts and constituencies. Findings show that members of the Tea Party Caucus and their Republican House colleagues are largely homogeneous. Exceptions to this include economic final passage votes, legislation receiving presidential support, district lean, census region, and presidential vote in congressional districts. Furthermore, evidence is seen that economic factors in members' districts affected the election of freshmen representatives in 2010, and that district variables strongly influence legislative voting behavior. Finally, discontinuity is discovered between the Tea Party movement at the mass level and the Tea Party Caucus at the elite level.