M.S.

A genetic selection study to determine the effects on egg hatchability and subsequent chick performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs incubated at 100 F dry bulb temperature (Control, Line C) when compared to other eggs incubated at 102 F (Selected, Line S) was conducted over 10 consecutive generations. Eggs from a randomly mated population (designated as Generation 0) of Japanese quail maintained at the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station were randomly allocated to two treatment groups (Lines C and S) and incubated at the different temperatures in separate but identical Jamesway 252 machines. On day 14 of incubation all eggs were transferred to a common hatcher (98.5 F). Using family-based selection, the chicks that hatched from the two lines were subsequently used as breeders (25 paired matings per line) and the resulting eggs from each line incubated at their respective temperatures for 10 consecutive generations. Following the 10th generation percent egg fertility and percent hatch of fertile eggs were greater in Line C vs. Line S (p<O.O3 and p<O.0001, respectively). Embryo development time was shortened in Line S by 24 hours and mean 4- or 5- week body weights were greater (p<0.001) in Line S. Ten-day post-hatch mortality increased greatly in Line S vs. Line C after generation 6 (p<0.001) and hen-day egg production decreased after generation 4 in Line S vs. Line C (p<0.0001). The results indicate that embryo development time can be reduced by high temperature incubation, but at the expense of reproductive traits such as egg production, fertility, and hatchability of fertile eggs. / Graduation date: 2005

With the aim of evaluating the internal and external of eggs of quality quail stored under refrigeration and at room temperature, we used 440 eggs Japanese quail collected after laying. The eggs were distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 2x11 (2 storage temperature x 11 storage periods) with 20 repetitions. Analyses were performed on eggs at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days of storage. The variables analyzed were weight loss (%), specific gravity (g / ml), yolk index and albumen percentages (%) of yolk, albumen and shell, shell thickness (mm), yolk color, pH albumen and yolk and Haugh Unit. Statistical analysis was performed using the System Analysis Statistical and Genetic (SAEG) and means compared by Newman Keuls test at 5% probability. Observed effect was (P<0,05) linear weight loss of eggs (%), specific gravity (g / ml), yolk index, albumen index, albumen percentage, yolk percentage, pH and yolk Haugh unit, in both storage temperatures. However, the pH of the albumen had an effect (P<0,05) quadratic for eggs stored at both storage temperatures. To eggshell percentage, shell thickness and yolk color not found a significant effect (P>0,05) among treatments. We conclude that Japanese quail eggs can be stored for up to 18 days at room temperature and 30 days under refrigeration. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade interna e externa de ovos de codornas armazenados sob refrigeração e à temperatura ambiente, utilizou-se 440 ovos de codornas japonesas coletados após a postura. Os ovos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x11 (2 temperaturas de armazenamento x 11 períodos de armazenamento) com 20 repetições. As análises foram efetuadas nos ovos com 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 e 30 dias de armazenamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de peso (%), gravidade específica (g/ml), índice de gema e de albúmen, porcentagens (%) de gema, albúmen e casca, espessura de casca (mm), coloração da gema, pH do albúmen e da gema e a Unidade Haugh. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas, utilizando o Sistema para Análises Estatísticas e Genética (SAEG) e as médias comparadas pelo teste Newman Keuls a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se efeito (P<0,05) linear para perda de peso dos ovos (%), gravidade especifica (g/ml), índice de gema, índice de albúmen, porcentagem de albúmen, pH da gema e unidade Haugh, em ambas as temperaturas de estocagem e porcentagem de gema para os ovos armazenados sob refrigeração. Contudo, o pH do albúmen apresentou efeito (P<0,05) quadrático para os ovos armazenados em ambas as temperaturas de estocagem e a porcentagem de gema para os ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente. Para porcentagem de casca, espessura da casca e coloração da gema não se constatou efeito significativo (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que ovos de codornas japonesas podem ser armazenados por até 18 dias em temperatura ambiente e 30 dias sob refrigeração.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Juliana Lacerda Dissertacao.pdf: 580972 bytes, checksum: afedaefa404680a1d528d495b7558c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-26 / The objective of this study was to verify the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of Japanese quail eggs artificially contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium, sanitized and stored at different temperatures (between 5 and 25 ºC) for 27 days. We used 768 eggs with opaque shells (Experiment 1) and bright shells (Experiment 2) with typical pigments of the species and average weight of 11 g. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement (contamination x sanitation x cooling) with six replications, with one egg per experimental unit. The eggs were contaminated by handling with 1.5 x 105 colony forming unit (CFU) of Salmonella Typhimurium / mL and according to the treatments, sanitized with 5ppm Cl a solution, and stored at 5 or 25 ° C. The physical (egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, yolk, albumen and shell ratio, Haugh unit, yolk albumen index), chemical (pH of yolk and albumen) and bacteriological (bacterial count in eggshell and egg content) qualities were analyzed. Results of Experiment 1 showed a inear regression of sorage time (P <0.05) of storage time (up to 27 days) worsening the variables of egg weight, albumen and yolk index and albumen ratio. A quadratic effect (p <0.05) of storage time worsening the pH of albumen and Haugh units. There was an interaction for the yolk pH variable between sanitation and refrigeration (p <0.05) after 27 days, while those for non refrigerated eggs the best result was for sanitized eggs, showing the importance of sanitization. In Experiment 2 (eggs with bright shells) there was a linear effect (P <0.05) of storage time (27 days), worsening the variables of egg weight, albumen ratio and Haugh units and quadratic effects (p <0.05) worsening albumen index and pH. These results indicate that eggs with opaque or bright, had a poorer quality with increasing internal storage time, especially at 25 ° C. Quail eggs with opaque or bright shell, stored up to 27 days, should be sanitized (5 ppm of chlorine) and cooled to 5 ° C during storage to maintain physical and chemical qualities, regardless of bacterial contamination. The sanitization (5 ppm Cl) and cooling (5 º C) are effective in reducing the growth of Salmonella in experimentally infected quail eggs. / Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a qualidade física, química e microbiológica de ovos de codornas japonesas contaminados artificialmente com Salmonella Typhimurium, sanitizados e armazenados a diferentes temperaturas (5 e 25 ºC) durante 27 dias. Foram utilizados 768 ovos com cascas opacas (Experimento 1) e brilhantes (Experimento 2) com pigmentos típicos da espécie e com peso médio de 11 g. O delineamento empregado foi inteiramente casualisados com esquema fatorial 2x2x2 (contaminação x sanitização x refrigeração) com seis repetições, sendo um ovo a unidade experimental. Os ovos foram contaminados pelo manuseio com 1,5 x 105 unidade formadoras de colônias (UFCs) de Salmonella Typhimurium/mL e de acordo com os tratamentos foram sanitizados com solução com 5ppm de Cl e armazenados a 5 ou 25 ºC. Foi analisada a qualidade física (peso do ovo, gravidade específica, espessura de casca, percentagem de gema, albume e casca, unidade Haugh, índices de gema e albume), química (pH de gema e albume) e bacteriológica (contagem de bactérias na casca e no conteúdo do ovo). Os resultados de peso do ovo, uH, índice de gema e de albume e pH de gema e de albume, quando contaminados experimentalmente com Salmonella Typhimurium prejudicou a qualidade física do ovo a partir de 18 dias de armazenamento. Com relação a qualidade bacteriológica do ovo, a sanitização com 5 ppm de Cl pode ser uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo para reduzir a possibilidade de contaminação por Salmonella em ovos de codornas. Pode-se afirmar, que o tempo de estocagem dos ovos e a temperatura de armazenamento influenciaram a qualidade interna dos ovos de codornas em todas as variáveis estudadas. Esses resultados indicam que ovos com cascas opacas ou brilhantes, apresentaram pior qualidade interna com o aumento do tempo de armazenamento, principalmente na temperatura de 25 ºC. Ovos de codornas com casca opaca ou brilhante, armazenados até 27 dias, devem ser sanitizados ( 5 ppm de cloro) e refrigerados a 5 ºC durante a estocagem para manter a qualidade física e química, independentemente da contaminação por bactérias. A sanitização (5 ppm de Cl) e a refrigeração (temperatura de 5 ºC) são eficientes na redução do crescimento da Salmonella em ovos de codornas contaminados experimentalmente.