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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Education, March, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Although menstruation is typically regarded as an indication of health (Kissling, 1996), strong cultural messages about menstruation perpetuate the belief that it is dirty, disgusting and a state that must be managed (Ussher, 2006). Many women internalize this belief and go to great lengths to hide their menstrual status (Chrisler, 2007). Negative attitudes toward menstruation have been linked to decreased body satisfaction (Schooler, Ward, Meriwether, & Caruthers, 2005), perceptions of decreased competence and likability (Roberts, Goldenberg, Power, & Pyszynski, 2002), and the belief that menstruating women are more emotional, less attractive, and more irritable than non-menstruating women (Forbes, Adams-Curtis, White, & Holmgren, 2003). Whereas there is a relatively large body of literature regarding the significance of women and girls' experiences of menstruation, comparatively little is known about the development of men's attitudes towards menstruation. The lack of focus on how men learn and think about menstruation may have important implications on their attitudes toward women, particularly in their gendered relationships. Therefore, a grounded theory approach using semi-structured group interviews was used in this qualitative investigation. The purpose of the study was to better understand how perceive menstruation, where these ideas come from, and how their perceptions about menstruation may inform their view of women. Two group-interviews were performed and comprised of men in two different student-interest groups. During the interview process, participants described their childhood and present-day experiences with menstruation, including how they learned about menstruation, the messages they received, and how they think about menstruation in the present day. In addition, participants were each asked to create and describe an image depicting the way that they think about menstruation. A Grounded Theory approach was used to analyze the data. The emergent themes from this study were characterized by participant's feelings that they were too young to learn about menstruation in early adolescence and the internalization of dominant cultural messages that menstruation is not something that men should know or talk about. Participants were found to still hold these beliefs as adults, and also revealed they perceive menstruation to be associated with the display of heightened emotions and physical pain. Thus, menstruation was perceived as an overall negative event. Their negative associations with and feelings of disgust toward the presence of blood led to the development of means of avoiding menstruation (e.g. not talking about it and avoiding sexual encounters with menstruating partners). Overall, the participants indicated that they internalized three main beliefs about menstruation: (a) menstruation is associated with affective changes in women, (b) menstruation is irrelevant to men's lives, and (c), menstruation is disgusting because of its association with blood. The implications of the internalization of these beliefs for women, men and practitioners were discussed, and future directions were identified.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 uliana_mrp_me_botfm.pdf: 695188 bytes, checksum: 17b48afac4878d2d5f8fb272e5e0bb88 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-Unesp há 40 anos desenvolve práticas de ensino de graduação médica na comunidade, no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Essa experiência se fez sob distintas influências, dentre as quais se podem destacar os movimentos de reforma médica da Medicina Integral e da Medicina Comunitária, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Já nos anos 1990 o ensino foi influenciado pelo Programa UNI e, na última década, exerceram papéis relevantes as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de medicina e o papel indutor do Ministério da Saúde, por meio dos programas de incentivo às mudanças curriculares: Promed e Pró-Saúde. Nesse contexto, em 2003, a Faculdade Medicina de Botucatu implanta experiência de ensino na comunidade para alunos do 1º ao 3º ano de graduação - o Programa de Interação Universidade, Serviço e Comunidade (IUSC), que é orientado pelos princípios da integralidade e humanização e por inovações pedagógicas. Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender os significados e percepções de alunos que cursaram o IUSC e caracterizar sua proposta pedagógica à luz dos movimentos mais recentes de reforma na educação médica. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo de natureza qualitativa com a primeira turma de alunos que cursaram o IUSC, quando já estavam no 6º ano médico, por meio de três grupos focais, e pesquisa documental a respeito do projeto e operacionalização do IUSC. Os conteúdos obtidos nos grupos focais foram transcritos e submetidos a análise temática. O estudo documental do IUSC mostrou sua criação sob influência de políticas públicas de indução de reorientação da educação médica no país, as quais viabilizaram, em parte, a sustentação financeira e política do programa. Sua operacionalização fez-se adotando-se como modelo pedagógico a problematização. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, para... / For 40 years the Medical School of Botucatu-Unesp has been developing teaching practices of medical graduation in the community concerning the primary health care. This experience has been influenced by different factors such as the movements of medical renovation of Comprehensive Medicine and Community Medicine, in the 60s and 70s. UNI Program influenced this practice in the 90s; in the last decade two programs played an important role in the medical courses: the National Curriculum Directions and the inducing role of the Health Ministry, through programs which motivated curricula changes like Promed and Pro-Saúde. In such context, in 2003, the Medical School of Botucatu implemented the experience of community teaching for students of the first and third years of graduation – the Program Interaction University, Service and Community (IUSC), guided by the principals of comprehensiveness and humanization and by pedagogical innovations. This study aimed to understand meanings and perceptions of students who studied the IUSC and to characterize its pedagogical proposal regarding recent movements of medical education renovation. This is a qualitative study with the first group of students who have done the IUSC, when they were in the sixth year, through three focus groups and documental research regarding the IUSC project and operation. The narrative obtained in the focus groups were transcribed and submitted to thematic analysis of content. The documental study of UISC showed its development under influences of public policies of induction of medical education reorientation in the country what provided the partial financial and political support of the program. Its operation adopted the problematization as the pedagogical model. The results show that, for the students, the familiar visit was the most significant practical activity experienced during the course; however, there ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The purpose of this research was to enrich our understanding of why large organisations have not performed in low-income markets relative to middle- to high-income markets through an understanding of their market orientation in these markets. The research sought to establish whether an organisation can have more than one instance of market orientation in its chosen markets. The literature asserts that the bottom-of-the-pyramid approach to earning corporate profits has gained considerable attention and has awakened managers to the potential of serving an underserved market and alleviating the level of global poverty while still earning a profit (Pitta et al. 2008). South African companies have heeded the call to play a role and have targeted low-income markets, but, disappointingly, have achieved limited success. Contrary to the situation in relation to low-income markets, South African firms serving middle- to high-income markets have achieved market success through effective business models and orientation towards their markets. The qualitative study showed that an organisation indeed can have more than one instance of market orientation, as managers responsible for low-income markets experience challenges across all market orientation activities, relative to their middle- to high-income market counterparts. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of practitioners and scholars in the field of positive youth development through physical activity (PA-PYD) and gather what they have learned during their experience. The primary investigator conducted interviews with a purposeful sample of 10 expert practitioners (5 men and 5 women) in the field of PA-PYD that met inclusion criteria. Participants had a combined 162 years of experience running or researching 24 different PA-PYD programs that took place in 11 different countries. A semantic thematic analysis was conducted to systemically code, categorize, and distill the shared experiences of the participants. The results were organized into five primary themes according to what was shared: (a.) Participants’ journey (b.) Participants’ values (c.) Key factors to consider in perceivably effective programming, (d.) Common barriers, (e.) Strategies for navigating barriers. Finally, these results were then discussed within the scope of systems theory in an effort to propose strategies and future research directions that might better inform PA-PYD future practitioners that aim to achieve distal outcomes within complex systems.

No / Objectives: To examine how people from Bradford's Pakistani Muslim community experience living with epilepsy. Specifically, the paper addresses social interactions and negotiations with care providers and considers how different understandings of epilepsy are integrated. Methods: Interviews were conducted with a sample of Bradford's Pakistani Muslim community ( n=20). Interviews were analysed to identify themes and significant areas of shared concern. Results: This paper identifies popular, professional and folk sectors contributing to an individual's `health system'. Where sectors overlap, zones of hybridity are created: that is, a person might simultaneously seek help from a doctor and from a religious healer, or might offer explanations for seizures that include neurological and spiritual components. Discussion: While there are many similarities between the experiences of these minority ethnic community members and published work on the lived experience of epilepsy in other communities, there are also important differences that service providers need to recognize and respond to. Differences include forms of cultural expression and specific language needs. Improving communication between professionals and persons with epilepsy needs to be prioritized.

Background: Contemporary research has been studying what motivates employees in different working fields. In this study, Herzberg’s research is examined in order to take a closer look at the motivation of customer service employees. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the employees of customer service are motivated to work by mainly relating this study’s results to Herzberg’s research. Method: The study method is a case study with qualitative research including semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling approach. Theoretical framework: The fundamental theoretical framework in this study consists of Herzberg’s two-factor motivation theory. Empirical material: The empirical material in this study consists of ten customer service employees. All the empirical data has been collected through face-to-face contact. Conclusion: The overall picture of the empirical material is that the customer service employees are motivated by these Herzberg factors: “Salary”, “Interpersonal relations”, “Policy and administration”, “Achievement”, “Recognition”, “The work itself”, “Responsibility”, “Advancement” and finally “Possibility of growth”.

This study sought to understand how the application of a network analysis of rugby gameplay could inform coaches of their teams’ patterns of play in an effort to aid their teams’ performance. A qualitative case study utilizing open-ended interviews and a process of evaluation and constant comparison served as a guiding framework for this the data collection and data analysis methods incorporated during this study. Results of the study identified four key findings. First, incorporating elements of community based action research into the design of a case study provided the researcher with an opportunity to build effective working relationships with both participants. Second, providing coaches with effective feedback that informed them of their player’s performance was critical to the performance analysis (PA) process. Third, modifying the network analysis process to meet the participant’s needs was key in providing applicable analysis during the cases study. Fourth, performance analysts and coaches, like those in this case study, require video feedback, linked to the network analysis, if the network analysis process is to be considered informative. Finally, creating a PA process that is able to adapt to the coaches changing needs as well as the work cycles the organization proceeds through is a benefit of the NA process that we developed. / Graduate

We propose a model of search term selection process based on our empirical study of professional searchers during the pre-online stage of the search process. The model characterizes the selection of search terms as the navigation of different discourses. Discourse refers to the way of talking and thinking about a certain topic; there often exists multiple, diverse discourses on the same topic. When selecting search terms, searchers appear to navigate a variety of discourses, i.e., they view the topic of a client's search request from the perspective of multiple discourse communities, and evaluate and synthesize differences and similarities among those discourses when selecting search terms. Six discourses emerged as sources of search terms in our study. These discourses are controlled vocabularies, documents and domains, the practice of indexing, clients' search requests, databases and the searchers' own search experience. Data further suggest that searchers navigate these discourses dynamically and have preferences for certain discourses. Conceptualizing the selection of search terms as a meeting place of different discourses provides new insights into the complex nature of the search term selection process. It emphasizes the multiplicity and complexity of the sources of search terms, the dynamic nature of the search term selection process, and the complex analysis and synthesis of differences and similarities among sources of search terms. It suggests that searchers may need to understand fundamental aspects of multiple discourses in order to select search terms.