<p>Upper secondary school contains of several different programs, for some of them workplace training, APU, is a part. The Industry programme is one of those. The education within a programme where workplace training is a part works out differently. The workplace training part of the education is a collaboration between school and different working sites. The aim of this study is to illuminate one kind of education model from different perspectives.</p><p>The workplace training part of this model starts from term four and takes place two days every week, the other three days of the week used for education in school. The questions at issue for this study are in what meaning can workplace training affect the results of the programme goals? And how is the education interpreted, valued and described by different participants? The study contains of sex interviewees. In the study are six persons from three different categories; cooperative companies, teachers teaching core subjects and pupils. The results from the study show how important the cooperative companies think that communication and the possibility to be able to have influence in the education model are. They look at themselves not only as a company that provides trainee possibilities. They also consider the lifeexperience that the pupils get through the combination of education in school combined with workplaced training affect their efforts of reaching the programme goal positively. The education model is seen with positive eyes both from the cooperative companies and the pupils, while the results from the coresubject teachers interviews not are quit as distinct.</p>

Upper secondary school contains of several different programs, for some of them workplace training, APU, is a part. The Industry programme is one of those. The education within a programme where workplace training is a part works out differently. The workplace training part of the education is a collaboration between school and different working sites. The aim of this study is to illuminate one kind of education model from different perspectives. The workplace training part of this model starts from term four and takes place two days every week, the other three days of the week used for education in school. The questions at issue for this study are in what meaning can workplace training affect the results of the programme goals? And how is the education interpreted, valued and described by different participants? The study contains of sex interviewees. In the study are six persons from three different categories; cooperative companies, teachers teaching core subjects and pupils. The results from the study show how important the cooperative companies think that communication and the possibility to be able to have influence in the education model are. They look at themselves not only as a company that provides trainee possibilities. They also consider the lifeexperience that the pupils get through the combination of education in school combined with workplaced training affect their efforts of reaching the programme goal positively. The education model is seen with positive eyes both from the cooperative companies and the pupils, while the results from the coresubject teachers interviews not are quit as distinct.

Research has yet to explain how individuals develop and incorporate their religious and spiritual views into their sense of self and romantic relationship beliefs and behaviors. The current study seeks to understand how individuals and couples understand their spiritual and religious beliefs and use them to negotiate satisfying marital relationships. Self-discrepancy theory assists in understanding the ways in which individuals and couples navigate the development of their spiritual, religious, and relationship beliefs, as participants beliefs are often fluid as they work to reconcile various discrepancies. To understand how participants experience these beliefs in family of origin, courtship, and the early years of marriage, a story-telling methodology is employed. Many couples experience their religious beliefs as being focused on the organization, denomination, rites, and rituals, whereas spirituality is more often about beliefs, movement or questioning, and connection to a God or Higher Power. Spiritual and religious beliefs influenced the way participants viewed romantic relationships in terms of marriage, sex, marital cohesion, dating, family of origin, children, pregnancy, cohabitation, and divorce. This study represents participants' lived experiences and the various ways in which spiritual and religious beliefs permeate into other aspects of marital life. Interestingly, there appears to be a high salience of religious and spiritual beliefs in regards to relational beliefs and behavior beginning in adolescence leading up to marriage and then a reduction in saliency for some after marriage until the presence of children when saliency increases for some couples.

Abstract By acknowledging pain as subjective and only fully perceived by the person in pain, the main aim of this study was to report on the use of qualitative child interviewing and drawings as a research method to elicit hospitalized children’s perceptions and descriptions of their pain experience. Further, the second aim was to contribute to the improvement of pain assessment and management in hospitalized children by approaching the question from the children’s point of view through their words and drawings. Forty-four children in four paediatric units in a university hospital participated in the study. The data were collected by means of qualitative interviews and thematic drawings. The interview data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The drawings were sorted into categories on the basis of contents, and cognitive competence and emotional disturbances by the Draw-A-Person procedure, and a comparison was made of the data from hospitalized children and healthy control groups. All the children had experienced pain in different situations while hospitalized. The pain experiences came from four main sources: 1. pain caused by a diagnosed basic illness, 2. pain caused by medical and diagnostic procedures and basic nursing, 3. pain caused by accidents, and 4. inexplicable pain not caused by a particular illness or injury and imaginary pain. In describing their pain, the children emphasized the multidimensional nature of pain and used a number of self-reported pain words to describe physical and psychic pain, as well as evaluative aspects of pain. The children had difficulties in finding positive aspects about pain. The drawings of the hospitalized children frequently depicted medical procedures, whereas the drawings of the healthy controls depicted more family relations. The hospitalized children showed a lower level of cognitive capacity, whereas the healthy control group children revealed a higher level of emotional disturbance. The variety of children’s responses to pain management suggests that children try and can alleviate their pain. The children reported their expectations of professional help and valued the care and attention provided by significant others. The findings provide research-based knowledge for carrying out research with children, and for healthcare professionals in their assessment and management of children’s pain in more holistic and child-centred way. Children’s competence to describe their pain supports encouraging their involvement as social actors in pain assessment and management in partnership with health care professionals and significant others. This has to be done with respect for their rights as individuals and the desire to give them a sense of ownership of what happens during hospitalization.

Beteendemedicin är ett paraplybegrepp där den fysioterapeutiska tillämpningen i praktik kan se ut på många olika sätt. Hur fysioterapeuter tillämpar beteendemedicin i praktiken och hur det avspeglas i den individanpassade behandlingsplanen råder det oklarheter kring. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka fem fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av tillämpning av beteendemedicin inom sina respektive verksamheter i Uppsala län. Studien var av kvalitativ design. Enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer avfem fysioterapeuter inom olika verksamheter utfördes. Databearbetning genomfördes i form av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Deltagarna tillämpade flertalet olika tekniker inom beteendemedicin. De upplevde även att det finns utmaningar som att det är tidskrävande, att patienten inte förstår konceptet och att teorin är lättare än tillämpningen i praktik. Alla deltagare var överens om att det finns en nytta med beteendemedicinsk tillämpning, som att bli en bättre fysioterapeut, att det ger vinst i långa loppet samt att teorin fyller en viktig funktion för praktisk tillämpning. Det föreföll sig som att fysioterapeuterna tillämpar beteendemedicin på ett annat sätt än vad de lärt sig från den teoretiska utbildningen. Fyra huvudkategorier identifierades under databearbetningen; Olika tekniker inom beteendemedicin, Utmaningar med att arbeta beteendemedicinskt, Förståelse av nyttan med beteendemedicin, Blivit en “tyst” kunskap. Deltagarna upplevde att beteendemedicin fyller en viktig funktion i den individualiserade behandlingsplanen för patienten, men upplevde även många utmaningar. Trots utmaningarna så var deltagarna överens om att beteendemedicin är ett vinnande behandlingskoncept inom fysioterapi. Detta examensarbete kan bidra till utvecklingsmöjligheter för grundutbildningen i fysioterapi. / Behavioral medicine is an umbrella concept where the physiotherapeutic application in practice can differ in many ways. There are uncertainties about how physiotherapists apply it in practice and how this is reflected in the individualized treatment plan. The aim of this study was to investigate five physiotherapists' experiences of applying behavioral medicine in clinical practice within each of their workplaces in Uppsala. This study is of a qualitative design. Individual semi-structured interviews offive physiotherapists were performed. Data processing was carried out in the form of a qualitative content analysis. The participants applied several different behavioral medicine techniques. They also experienced challenges; it is time consuming, the patient does not understand the concept and the theory is easier than the application in practice. All participants agreed that there are benefits to behavioral medicine application; becoming a better physiotherapist, it provides benefits in the long run and the theory fulfills an important function for practical application. It seemed that the physiotherapists apply behavioral medicine in a different way than what they have learned. Four main categories were identified; Different techniques in behavioral medicine, Challenges when working with behavioral medicine, Understanding the benefits of behavioral medicine, Has become a “silent” knowledge. The participants experienced that behavioral medicine fulfills an important function in individualized treatment plans for patients, but they also experienced many challenges. Despite the challenges, the participants agreed that behavioral medicine is a winning concept in physiotherapy. This degree project can contribute to development opportunities for the undergraduate education in physiotherapy.

Bakgrund: Användningen av digitala videobesök har ökat inom fysioterapin under de senaste åren, särskilt i samband med covid-pandemin. Den nuvarande kunskapen om fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av användandet av digitala videobesök är begränsad.  Syfte: Att undersöka fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av att möta patienter via digitala videobesök. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ design. Data insamlades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem fysioterapeuter inom primärvården. Datan bearbetades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Insamlad data resulterade i följande huvudkategorier: Begränsningar för användandet av digitala videobesök, fördelar med digitala videobesök samt utveckling av digitala videobesök. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis ansåg fysioterapeuterna generellt att digitala videobesök är ett bra verktyg att tillgå. Framförallt genom att det ökar tillgängligheten till fysioterapeuten och att det möjliggör ett mer flexibelt arbete. De beskrev även begränsningar i arbetet med videobesök. Bland annat organisatoriska hinder och frånvaron av fysisk kontakt med patienten. Dessutom framfördes olika tankar om utveckling av videobesök. Exempelvis tekniska förbättringsmöjligheter och möjlighet till mer utbildning på området. / Background: The use of digital video meetings in physiotherapy has increased in recent years, particularly  in conjunction with the covid-pandemic. The current evidence for physiotherapists' experiences and perceptions of using digital video meetings is limited.  Purpose: To investigate physiotherapists experiences and perceptions of meeting patients through digital video meetings.  Method: The study has a qualitative design. Data were collected through semi structured interviews of five physiotherapists in primary care. The data was processed using qualitative content analysis.  Results: Collected data resulted in the following main categories: restrictions in the use of digital video meetings, benefits of digital video meetings and development of digital video meetings.  Conclusion: In summary, physiotherapists generally considered digital video meetings to be a good tool available. Mainly by increasing the accessibility to the physiotherapist and by contributing to  a more flexible job. They also described limitations in their work with video meetings. For instance, organizational obstacles and the absence of physical contact with the patient. Furthermore, different ways of developing the video meetings were presented. For example, technical opportunities for improvement and opportunities for more education in the field.

Stockholm is a vibrant and attractive city. Surveys show that the residents in Stockholm are happy with their lives. It has also been proved that Stockholm is a highly socio-economic segregated city.Suburbs that are well known as segregated precarious residential areas in Stockholm, are Botkyrka, Tensta, Husby, Skärholmen, Rinkeby, and others. These suburbs were built during the 1960s-1970s as a part of Sweden’s Million Programme housing. Most of the residents are immigrants, and these areas are stigmatized as dangerous locations, it has been proved that non-European migrants face higher segregation than the European ones. These peripheries have mutual characteristics: they suffer from segregation, bad reputation, stigmatization, criminality, mistrust, and a high unemployment rate.Unfortunately when immigrant women; who used to live under patriarchal-male dominant oppressing societies, moved to democratic multicultural societies, found themselves in a stage of transition.

BACKGROUND: The child mortality is relatively high in a middle income country such as Ghana. Great achievements have been accomplished in order to reduce the under five mortality rate, likewise reach the millennium development goal to reduce child mortality. The nurses´ role to carry the capacity to face these challenges becomes a great part of their work. AIM: The aim of the study was to illuminate the experiences of nurses caring for ill children in Ghana and to gain a better understanding of the Ghanese perspective of important factors in pediatric care. METHOD: A qualitative method with semi structured interviews was performed. Five interviews were conducted with nurses at one pediatric ward in Ghana. The data was analysed using content analysis, Halldorsdottir´s theory was used as a raster throughout the paper. RESULTS: Two categories were identified and represent the results, Qualities and Strengths and Obstacles. The categories were found to be encompassed by nine subcategories, Feelings, Improvisation, Attitudes, Empowerment, Collaboration, Workload, Difficulties in the Nurse-Patient relationship, Contradictory experiences and Environmental challenges. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study suggest that the nursing care is largely affected by different factors in the nurses’ daily work. This can result in both a positive and negative impact on the nurse, patient and their relationship. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Describing how nurses experience work in pediatric nursing care can contribute with a better knowledge of important factors in global nursing. / BAKGRUND: Barnadödligheten är relativt hög i ett medelinkomstland som Ghana. Stora framsteg har gjorts för att minska dödligheten, likaså uppnå millenniemålet att minska barnadödligheten. Sjuksköterskornas roll att inneha kapaciteten för att bemöta dessa utmaningar blir en stor del av deras arbete. SYFTE: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda sjuka barn i Ghana, samt att få en bättre förståelse av viktiga faktorer i pediatrisk omvårdnad från ett ghanesiskt perspektiv. METOD: En kvalitativ metod med semi strukturerade intervjuer utfördes. Fem intervjuer utfördes med sjuksköterskor på en pediatrisk avdelning i Ghana. Datan analyserades genom en innehållsanalys och Halldorsdottirs teroi användes som ett raster löpande genom rapporten. RESULTAT: Två kateorier identifierades och representerar resultatet Kvalitéer och Styrkor samt Hinder. Kategorierna omfattas av nio subkategorier, Känslor, Improvisation, Attityder, Empowerment, Samarbete, Arbetsbörda, Svårigheter i sjusköterske- och patientrelationen, Paradoxala upplevelser samt Hinder i miljön. SLUTSATS: Resultatet i den här studien föreslår att omvårdnaden till stor del påverkas av olika faktorer i sjuksköterskans dagliga arbete. Detta kan resultera i både en positiv och negativ påverkan för sjuksköterskan, patienten och deras relation. KLINISK BETYDELSE: Genom att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor upplever arbetet inom pedriatitisk vård kan detta bidra till större kunskap om viktiga faktorer inom omvårdnad globalt.

Bakgrund: År 2015 infördes Patientlagen (SFS 2014:821) som slår fast att hälso- och sjukvården ska ge patienterna möjlighet att bli delaktiga i sin vård. Studier visar att patientdelaktighet kan förbättra kvaliteten på vården och har en betydelsefull del i att uppnå en säker vård för patienterna. På kirurgisk vårdavdelning inkommer patienter dygnet runt och är beroende av sjuksköterskan för att göras delaktiga i sin vård. Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienter som skrivs in akut upplever delaktighet gällande information och planering i samband med inskrivning av sjuksköterska på kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Metod: Kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer (15 deltagare). Datan analyserades med latent kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Huvudresultat: Patienter upplevde att det var viktigt att få information om sin vård och planering vid inskrivning på kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Både positiva och negativa upplevelser vid inskrivningen framkom och orsaken till detta grundades i sjuksköterskans bemötande. Vårdrelationen var viktig för att känna sig trygg i en utsatt situation och var förutsättning för att uppleva delaktighet. Patienterna berättade att delaktighet vid inskrivningen var att bli lyssnad på och att få en individuellt anpassad information. Slutsats: Patientdelaktighet vid inskrivning på kirurgisk vårdavdelning förutsätter att sjuksköterskan bjuder in patienten till delaktighet samt ger information på ett individanpassat sätt. Delaktighet är viktigt för att minska fel i vården, bedriva en lagstadgad vård och för tryggheten hos patienterna. För att klara lagkraven på vården behöver både patienter och vårdpersonal utbildning inom ämnet för att skapa en gemensam syn på vad delaktighet i vården innebär. / Background: In 2015 a new patient-law was launched in Sweden. It states that  healthcare should give the patients possibility to participate in their own care. Studies have shown that patient participation can improve the quality of care and reduce adverse events in healthcare. In surgical wards patients are admitted every hour of the day and they are dependent on the registered nurse to get involved in their care. Aim: To describe how patients admitted from the emergency department experience their participation during the enrollment with the nurse in the surgical ward with a specific focus on information and planning of the care. Methods: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews (n=15 participants). Data was analysed with content analysis according to Granheim and Lundman (2004). Results: The study showed that during the enrollment at the surgical ward patients experienced information about the care and the plan as important. Both positive and negative experiences during the enrollment were shown in the result. The reason was based on the nurses caring or uncaring relationship with the patient. The nurse-patient relationship was important for the patient to feel safe in an exposed situation and was a prerequiesite for participation. Patients talked about participation at the enrollment and pointed out that being listened to and personalized information as the most important. Conclusion: Patient participation at enrollment at the surgical ward requires the nurse to invite the patient to take part and gives information in a personalized manner. Participation is important to reduce errors in care, carry on a statutory care and to the safety for patients.  To manage the requirements of the patientlaw, both patients and staff needs education about the subject to create a mutual vision of what participation in care is.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to investigate what approach or approaches the Church of Sweden have to meditation and how meditation is used by the parishes that this investigation is built upon. I have made two question formulations to meet this purposes:  Why does the parishes I have studied organize meditation?  How is meditation used and performed by the parishes in the Church of Sweden that I have studied? I have in order to answer this questions used a ritual theoretic model, composed of Peter Habbe´s theory as it is described in Att se och tänka med ritual – kontrakterande ritualer i de isländska släktsagorna and Caroline Humphrey and James Laidlaw´s ritual theory that is presented in their work The Archetypal Actions of Ritual – A theory of ritual illustrated by the Jain rite of worship. The theoretical model that I have put together consists of what is characterizing a ritual, and through this model I have examined my empirical material, the phenomenon of meditation and how it crystallizes in the context of the Church of Sweden. The empirical material consists of five interviews with five leaders of meditation in the Church of Sweden and three participative observations at three meditation occasions held by parishes in the Church of Sweden. The interviews are qualitative deep interviews that have a semi–structured nature. Based on this material, I have then typologized the phenomenon through my theoretical model and from there answered the research questions that my purpose demanded. The meditation in the parishes that I have visited in this study are very similar, and there is conformity among the parishes in order how the meditation is to be executed. The most differentiating inquiry among the parishes is why they are organizing meditation, if it is because the participants are to embrace the Christian faith, or if everyone is free to participate with the faith or non–faith he or she has got. In this question there is a split up in two groups among my informants, those who deem that the meditation has to have a pronounced Christian orientation, and those who deem that it isn´t possible to divide the meditation activity in confession or non–confession, and that it is up to everyone to decide the orientation of the meditation. / Denna c-uppsats har som syfte att undersöka vilket eller vilka förhållningsätt Svenska kyrkan har till aktiviteten meditation och hur den används inom de församlingar som ligger till grund för denna undersökning. För att möta denna föresats har jag formulerat två frågeställningar:  Varför anordnar de församlingar jag studerat meditation?  Hur används och utförs meditation av de församlingar i Svenska kyrkan jag studerat? För att besvara dessa frågor har jag använt mig av en ritualteoretisk modell, sammansatt av Peter Habbes teori som beskrivs i Att se och tänka med ritual – kontrakterande ritualer i de isländska släktsagorna samt Caroline Humphrey och James Laidlaws ritualteori som läggs fram i deras verk The Archetypal Actions of Ritual – A theory of ritual illustrated by the Jain rite of worship. Den teoretiska modell jag satt samman utifrån dessa teorier består av vad som karaktäriserar ett ritual och jag har genom denna undersökt mitt empiriska material och fenomenet meditation och hur det utkristalliserar sig i Svenska kyrkans kontext. Mitt empiriska material består av fem intervjuer med fem meditationsledare inom Svenska kyrkan samt tre deltagande observationer på tre meditationstillfällen anordnade av församlingar inom Svenska kyrkan. Intervjuerna är kvalitativa djupintervjuer som är semi–strukturerade till sin natur. Utifrån detta material har jag sedan typologiserat fenomenet utifrån min teoretiska modell och därifrån besvarat de forskningsfrågor som mitt syfte krävt. Meditationen inom de olika församlingarna jag har besökt i denna studie är mycket likartad och det råder konformitet mellan församlingarna när det gäller hur de utför och lär ut meditation. Det som skiljer mest mellan församlingarna är frågan om varför man anordnar meditation, om det är för att deltagarna ska anamma den kristna tron eller om var och en är fri att delta med den tro eller icke–tro hen har. I denna fråga kan mina informanter delas upp i två grupper, de som anser att meditationen måste ha en uttalat kristen inriktning för att användas inom Svenska kyrkan, och de som anser att meditation inte kan delas in i konfessionell eller icke–konfessionell och att det är upp till var och en att bestämma inriktning på meditationen.