Advances in microcomputing hardware and software over the last several years have resulted in personal computers with exceptional computational power and speed. As the costs associated with microcomputer hardware and software continue to decline, manufacturers have begun to implement numerous information technology components on the shop floor. Components such as microcomputer file servers and client workstations are replacing traditional (manual) methods of data collection and analysis since they can be used as a tool for real-time decision-making. Server-based and web-based shop floor data collection and monitoring software applications are able to collect vast amounts of data in a relatively short period of time. In addition, advances in telecommunications and computer interconnectivity allow for the remote access and sharing of this data for additional analysis. Rarely, however, does the method by which a manager reviews production and quality data keep pace with the large amount of data being collected and thus available for analysis. Visualization techniques that allow the decision maker to react quickly, such as the ability to view and manipulate vast amounts of data in real-time, may provide an alternative for operations managers and decision-makers. These techniques can be used to improve the communication between the manager using a microcomputer and the microcomputer itself through the use of computer-generated, domain-specific visualizations. This study explores the use of visualization tools and techniques applied to manufacturing systems as an aid in managerial decision-making. Numerous visual representations that support process and quality monitoring have been developed and presented for evaluation of process and product quality characteristics. These visual representations are based on quality assurance data and process monitoring data from a high-volume, discrete product manufacturer with considerable investment in both automated and intelligent processes and information technology components. A computer-based application was developed and used to display the visual representations that were then presented to a sample group of evaluators who evaluated them with respect to their ability to utilize them in making accurate and timely decisions about the processes being monitored. This study concludes with a summary of the results and provides a direction for future research efforts. / Ph. D.

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is commonly given to female cattle intramuscularly (IM) for the synchronization of estrus. A novel site for administration of PGF2α that improves beef quality assurance is the ischiorectal fossa (IRF). The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of PGF2α in the IRF results in a similar physiologic response to administration of PGF2α given IM. Yearling angus-cross heifers (n=112) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned within blocks to be injected with 5 mL PGF2α either IM in the neck or in the IRF. Blood samples were taken at 0, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h post-injection. Serum samples were analyzed for progesterone concentration using a radioimmunoassay. Progesterone concentration curves for each heifer were plotted to determine luteolysis. The median times to luteolysis for neck and IRF injections were 18.1 hrs and 20.0 hrs, respectively (p=0.06). Angus cross commercial beef cows (n=1471) at least 30 days post-partum were blocked by age and randomly assigned to be injected with 5 mL PGF2α either IM in the neck muscle or in IRF as part of a 7-Day CO-Synch + CIDR ovulation protocol. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed via ultrasound at 60 days post insemination. Results were analyzed with Proc Glimmix (SAS). Pregnancy rates for neck and IRF injections were 52.6% and 57.2%, respectively (p=0.06). In summary, injection of PGF2α in the IRF for estrus synchronization and lysis of the corpus luteum did not differ from injection in the neck muscle. Utilizing the ischiorectal fossa as an injection site for PGF2α may be considered as an alternative that more closely aligns with beef quality assurance objectives. / Master of Science

by Wong Kwai Lin Christine. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-48). / ABSTRACT / TABLE OF CONTENTS / LIST OF FIGURES / LIST OF TABLES / ACKNOWLEDGMENT / Chapter / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Research --- p.3 / Exploratory Research --- p.3 / Literature Search --- p.4 / Quality Concepts --- p.4 / W. Edward Deming --- p.5 / Joseph Juran --- p.8 / Philip Crosby --- p.10 / Quality --- p.11 / ISO 9000 Series --- p.12 / The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award --- p.13 / Status of Promotion of Quality Management --- p.13 / Specific Research --- p.14 / Theoretical Basis --- p.15 / Descriptive Research --- p.17 / Data Collection Method --- p.18 / Method of Administration --- p.19 / Sample Design --- p.21 / Target Population --- p.21 / Sampling Frame --- p.21 / Sampling Procedure --- p.22 / Questionnaire Design --- p.22 / Part I - Company Demographics --- p.20 / Part II - Company Performance --- p.23 / Part III - Quality Improvement Techniques --- p.23 / Data Analysis --- p.24 / Response --- p.24 / Managerial Knowledge --- p.29 / Quality Performance --- p.30 / Financial Performance --- p.30 / Past Quality Performance --- p.30 / Market Place Environment --- p.31 / Corporate Support for Quality --- p.31 / Role of Management Leadership and Quality --- p.32 / Quality Data and Reporting --- p.33 / Strategic Quality Planning --- p.33 / Employees' involvement and Participation --- p.34 / Employees' Training --- p.34 / Feedback and Recognition of Employees' Performance --- p.35 / Employees' Relations --- p.36 / Product Service Design --- p.36 / Process Management --- p.36 / Supplier Quality Management --- p.37 / Role of Quality Department --- p.38 / Customer Feedback --- p.39 / Chapter III. --- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS --- p.40 / Difference between Manufacturing and Service Companies --- p.41 / Difference between Companies with without Separate Quality Department --- p.41 / Difference between Companies with or without Certification --- p.42 / Chapter IV. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.44 / Chapter V. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.46 / BIBLIOGRAPHY / Chapter APPENDIX 1 --- Sample Questionnaire / Chapter 2 --- Figures 2 to 18

趙駿康. / "2002年7月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 144-158) / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 7 yue" / Zhao Junkang. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 144-158) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 論文摘要 --- p.I-III / 鳴謝 --- p.IV / Chapter 單元一 --- 引言部份 / Chapter 一 ´Ø一) --- 簡介「服務表現監察系統」的實施對福利界的意義 --- p.1-2 / Chapter 一 ´Ø二） --- 綜論及補充現存有關新機制實施的探討 --- p.2-7 / Chapter 一 ´Ø三) --- 研究問題及目標 --- p.7-8 / Chapter 一 ´Ø四） --- 全文組織架構 --- p.9-10 / Chapter 一 ´Ø五） --- 方法學及硏究設計 --- p.10-16 / Chapter 一 ´Ø六） --- 硏究期望帶來的貢獻 --- p.16 / Chapter 單元二 --- 文獻回顧與理論探討 / Chapter 二 ´Ø一） --- 「優質改革」及相關的管理技術 --- p.17-22 / Chapter 二 ´Ø二） --- 在非政府機構推行「優質管理」一一回應機構問責性問題與服 務執行者的專業危機 --- p.22-24 / Chapter 二 ´Ø三） --- 在受資助的社會服務機構發展優質管理之一般形式 --- p.24-26 / Chapter 二 ´Ø四） --- 在本地福利界推動優質管理改革一一服務表現監察系統的內 容、原理與機構管理 --- p.27-30 / Chapter 二 ´Ø五） --- 在受資助的非政府機構推行優質管理的爭議一一兩層次的問題 探討 --- p.30 / Chapter 二´Ø五一） --- 優質管理技術應用之問題及在組織運作上構成的影響 --- p.30-36 / Chapter 二´Ø五二） --- 優質管理理念弓丨用之問題及在組織價値規範上衍生的爭議 --- p.36-42 / Chapter 二´Ø五三） --- 優質管理改革的政治與它對福利系統的影響 --- p.42-47 / Chapter 二´Ø六） --- 分析架構 --- p.47-48 / Chapter 單元三 --- 優質管理改革的背景一一改革成因與施行時的客觀形勢 / Chapter 三´Ø 一） --- 殖民地政府、非政府機構與本港福利發展一一歷史回顧 --- p.49-56 / Chapter 三´Ø二） --- 新津助制度改革與服務表現監察系統冒起的成因 --- p.56-63 / Chapter 三´Ø三） --- 容永道顧問報告的重點與內在矛盾 --- p.63-68 / Chapter 三´Ø四） --- 金融風暴後以控縮福利開支的政策措施 --- p.68-70 / Chapter 三´Ø五） --- 財務控縮政策的後遺和對發展優質服務的影響 --- p.70-73 / Chapter 三´Ø六） --- 資源長期匱乏的福利服務營運環境 --- p.74 / Chapter 三´Ø七） --- 小結 --- p.74-75 / Chapter 單元四 --- 個案深究一一服務表現監察系統推動的管理改革在組織層次上產 生的影春與問題 / Chapter 四´Ø一） --- 背景資料簡介 --- p.76-79 / Chapter 四´Ø三） --- 服務表現監察系統實施下機構管理的初步蛻變和正面發展 --- p.79-81 / Chapter 四´Ø三） --- 服務表現監察系統實施衍生的問題和影響 --- p.81 / Chapter 四´Ø 三一） --- 標準、指標在測量與運用上的局限 --- p.81-83 / Chapter 四´Ø三二） --- 新管理技術對組織行爲之影響 --- p.83-89 / Chapter 四´Ø三三） --- 行政成本衍生的問題 --- p.89-92 / Chapter 四´Ø三四） --- 優質管理涉及的槪念爭議與價値衝突 --- p.92-96 / Chapter 四´Ø三五） --- 「以客爲本」哲學的實踐與限制 --- p.96-102 / Chapter 四.四） --- 小結及補充討論 --- p.102-104 / Chapter 單元五 --- 系統層面分析一一初探服務表現監察系統及相關之管理改革對福 利體制的影響 / Chapter 五´Ø 一） --- 「後殖國家」與新管理改革的政治 --- p.105-107 / Chapter 五´Ø二） --- 重整國家與非政府機構的關係角色 --- p.107-110 / Chapter 五´Ø三） --- 重塑專業人員的工作自主權與職能角色 --- p.110-113 / Chapter 五´Ø四） --- 重訂資源分配與服務營辦的遊戲規則 --- p.115 / Chapter 五´Ø五） --- 建構新管理權力的合法性基礎 --- p.115-117 / Chapter 五´Ø六） --- 小結 --- p.117-118 / Chapter 單元六 --- 結論部份 / Chapter 六´Ø 一） --- 全文總結與硏究發現 --- p.119-123 / Chapter 六´Ø二） --- 分析限制與進一步探究方向 --- p.123-125 / 各單元之註釋 / 單元一註釋 --- p.126-127 / 單元二註釋 --- p.128-130 / 單元三註釋 --- p.131-139 / 單元四註釋 --- p.140 / 單元五註釋 --- p.141-143 / 參考資料 --- p.144-158 / 附件 / 附件一：個案訪查之工作流程表 --- p.159 / 附件二 ：被訪者之背景簡介 --- p.160-162 / 附件三：服務質素標準 --- p.163-170 / 附件四：服務量標準 --- p.171 / 圖表 / 圖(二 ´Ø 一）表現測量的量度面向及量度的價値重心一一整合理念圖 --- p.19 / 圖(二 ´Ø 二）服務質素保証系統的運作關係圖 --- p.26 / 圖(二 ´Ø三）服務質素標準/服務表現監察系統整合架構圖解 --- p.29 / 表(三´Ø一）本港的公共開支、社會服務開支及福利開支之變化(81/82-90/91) --- p.59 / 表(三´Ø 二）香港社會服務開支佔公共開支的百分比(90/91-99/00) --- p.69 / 圖(三´Ø 一）86/87年度至94/95年度受資助服務單位數目的增長變化 --- p.60 / 圖(三´Ø 二) 86/87年度至94/95年度受資助機構僱員數目的增長變化 --- p.61 / 圖(三´Ø三)86/87年度至94/95年度福利服務資助開支的增長變化 --- p.62 / 表(四´Ø 一）被訪機構的背景資料 --- p.77 / 表(四´Ø 二）被訪者之基本資料 --- p.78

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kvalitetssäkring samt professionens uppfattningar om detsamma, i ljuset av införandet av ett nytt kvalitetssäkringssystem. Metod: Den teoretiska referensramen har byggts upp genom att sammanställa tidigare forskning i teman som är relevanta för studien. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom en kvalitativ metod i form av en textanalys av Promemoria U2015/1626/UH samt genomförande och analys av fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Den teoretiska referensramen har sedan använts som utgångspunkt vid analys av det empiriska materialet. Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar på att det finns en ambivalent inställning hos professionen gällande kvalitetssäkring. Idén om intern kvalitetssäkring inom högskolan framstår som institutionaliserad samtidigt som inställningen gentemot extern kvalitetssäkring upplevs som något som gör anspråk på professionens autonomi och signalerar om en misstro gentemot professionen. Studien har även visat att professionen upplever införandet av det nya kvalitetssäkringssystemet som en del i en maktförskjutningsprocess där lärosätesledningen får ökat inflytande i förhållande till professionen. Förslag till vidare forskning: Utifrån denna studie ser vi det intressant att studera det kommande kvalitetssäkringssystemet i ett senare stadie då man kan titta på hela processen. Hur går implementeringen av reformen till? Vilken typ av förändringar skapar det inom högskolesektorn? Vi vill även uppmuntra till vidare studier som tittar närmare på och kartlägger kvalitetsbegreppets framfart genom högskolan för att undersöka vilka röster som väger tyngst i frågan om vad som avses med kvalitet i utbildning. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för samspelet mellan politiska reformers implementering och den berörda professionens uppfattningar i högskolesektorn.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

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Chinese higher education (HE) has been through a process of profound restructuring, decentralisation, introduction of market incentives, university mergers, internationalisation, and enlarging student enrolment in the past two decades. Along with the expansion of Chinese HE, the issue of quality has become a concern and has attracted a lot of attention in the Chinese HE sector. Developing quality assurance (QA) systems has been given priority in the agenda of most Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs). The nationwide implementation of quality evaluation since 2002 is the main means used by the Chinese government to address the potential quality decline and to realise a macro level control of quality over Chinese HEIs. This study is conducted against the background of the prevailing quality culture, and focuses on student learning rather than the widely adopted top-down scrutiny of teaching as the main component of QA schemes. The purpose of this study is to explore how student learning experiences can be integrated into the QA systems in Chinese HEIs for continuous quality improvement. A qualitative case study approach is adopted in this study. Document analysis, focus groups, and in-depth interviews are used to achieve a comprehensive qualitative inquiry into student learning experiences, HEIs’ QA practice, and the integration of student learning experiences into QA system. Through this study, we find that Chinese universities generally use regulations, teaching inspection/evaluation, and student feedback as the main approaches to manage their QA practice. There is great emphasis on the institutional management and teaching management, but little attention given to what students are actually doing. The analysis of the key issues in student learning experiences, the concept of quality learning, and the analysis of the objectives, control, areas, procedures and uses in the current Chinese QA systems suggest a discrepancy between student quality learning and what the current Chinese QA assures. The findings of this study imply that the current top-down QA has great limitations in addressing key issues in student learning and accordingly plays a limited role in generating educational quality. As the conclusion of this study, a learning-focused QA is proposed to offer insights into integrating student learning generically into the QA process for the purpose of the continuous improvement of HE quality.