The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) affecting economically important traits has become a key approach in animal genetics, both for understanding the genetic basis of these traits and to help design novel breeding programs. The general goal of the present work was to map QTL for economically important traits in beef cattle. Because of the practical limitations of phenotypic selection for meat quality, these traits are ideal candidates for the use of marker - assisted selection. Thus, the thesis specifically focused on carcass and beef quality traits. Six half - sib families were generated by mating six Limousin x Jersey crossbred sires to purebred Jersey or Limousin cows, producing 784 backcross progeny ( 366 and 418 progeny in Australia and New Zealand, respectively ). The six crossbred sires and all the backcross progeny were genotyped for 285 microsatellite markers ( on average 189 informative loci per sire family ) spread across the 29 bovine autosomes. A large number of traits were recorded on backcross progeny. In the first phase of the research, a single - QTL model based on regression interval mapping was used to map QTL for a wide range of economically important traits in the beef industry. Chromosome - wise significant evidence for linkage was found on BTA12 ( P < 0.01 ) and BTA16 ( P < 0.05 ) for age at puberty. Thirteen QTL were found to affect calving ease related traits ( birth weight, pelvic area and gestation length ). BTA11, 14 and 22 were most significant linkage groups affecting calving ease traits. Several genomic regions were linked to the carcass and beef quality traits. The results revealed a major QTL on BTA2 close to the map position of myostatin gene, affecting yield, carcass fatness and beef quality traits. In the second phase, the pleiotropic effects of a myostatin functional SNP on beef traits were studied. There was no association between this myostatin variant and birth weight and growth traits. However, the variant decreased overall fatness, increased muscle mass and improved meat tenderness, thus providing an intermediate and more useful phenotype than the more severe double - muscling phenotype caused by a major deletion in the myostatin gene described by others. In the third phase, a multiple marker analysis approach in the framework of the mixed - effects model was developed, allowing all markers of the entire genome to be included in the analysis simultaneously. Further, exploiting a factor analytic covariance structure for modeling trait by marker or family by marker interaction terms, the approach was extended to the multi - trait and multiple family situations. The simulation study showed that modeling multiple phenotypes and multiple families in a single linkage analysis simultaneously can markedly increase the power to detect QTL, compared to modeling each phenotype or family separately. Finally, the multi - trait multiple QTL approach developed herein was applied to map QTL influencing carcass and meat quality traits. Several pleoitropic QTL and also traitspecific QTL affecting beef traits were mapped, resulting in a useful resource from which fine mapping can be launched for subsequent gene discovery and marker - assisted selection. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search_Arg=koshkoih+thesis+adelaide&Search_Code=GKEY%5E*&SL=None&CNT=50 / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:08:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_je_dr_botfca.pdf: 647583 bytes, checksum: 8b10d73f3a2dce680ecff366505adea0 (MD5) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo de caracteres de crescimentos, bem como dos parâmetros envolvidos no ato da seleção precoce, visando obter respostas mais precisas em programas de melhoramento florestal, e dos seus efeitos nas correlações juvenil x adulto das progênies e procedências e Dipteryx alata Vog. Os dados utilizados para o estudo foram provenientes de um experimento instalado no município de Brasilândia de Minas, noroeste de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizadas três procedências de baru, totalizando 66 famílias de meio-irmãos de polinização livre. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 3 x 4 metros, ou seja, 12 m2 por planta, totalizando, uma área de aproximadamente 1,19 ha, com 990 plantas. O experimento foi avaliado nas idades de 1, 3, 5, 10 e 11 anos. Foram medidas cinco plantas de cada parcela, obtendo-se o Diâmetro do Coleto (DC – somente nos dois primeiros anos), o Diâmetro à Altura do Peito (DAP) e a Altura Total. Para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram utilizados os programas estatísticos GENES e o Selegen-REML/BLUP. E para análises padronizadas e teste de normalidade dos dados experimentais foi empregado o programa estatístico Statgraphics Plus. A propagação assexuada apresentou-se como uma melhor alternativa para obtenção dos maiores ganhos de seleção, até mesmo na formação de pomares de sementes clonais para as progênies as quais apresentaram os melhores resultados nos caracteres avaliados. O caráter mais indicado para o processo de seleção foi o Diâmetro a Altura do Peito por ter apresentado os maiores valores de correlação genotípica ( 2 C ˆ ) variando de 0,03 a 0,12, e a melhor correlação entre as idades de 5 e 11 anos / The objective of this work was to study characters of growth, as well as the parameters involved in early selection procedures in order to obtain more accurate responses in forest improvement programs, and its effects on adult x juvenile correlations and provenances and progenies of Dipteryx alata Vog. The data used for the study came from an experiment installed in Brasilândia de Minas, northwestern of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used three provenances of Baru, totaling 66 families of open pollinated half sibs. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The spacing used was 3 x 4 meters, or 12 m2 per plant, totaling an area of about 1.19 ha, with 990 plants. The experiment was evaluated at ages of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 11 years. Five plants from each plot were measured, obtaining the stem base diameter (only the first two years), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height. For the estimates of genetic parameters was used GENES and Selegen-REML/BLUP statistical software. For analysis and standardized test of normality of the experimental data was used the Statgraphics Plus statistical software. The asexual propagation presented himself as a better alternative to obtain higher gains from selection, even in the implementation of clonal seed orchard for progenies which showed the best results regarding characters. The most suitable character for selection process was the diameter at breast height because it presented the highest values of genetic correlations ( 2 C ˆ ) from 0.03 to 0.12, and the best correlation between the ages of 5 and 11 years old

Orientador: Edson Seizo Mori / Banca: José Mauro Santana da Silva / Banca: Handrey Borges Araújo / Banca: Renato Luiz Grisi Macedo / Banca: Luiz Carlos de Faria / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo de caracteres de crescimentos, bem como dos parâmetros envolvidos no ato da seleção precoce, visando obter respostas mais precisas em programas de melhoramento florestal, e dos seus efeitos nas correlações juvenil x adulto das progênies e procedências e Dipteryx alata Vog. Os dados utilizados para o estudo foram provenientes de um experimento instalado no município de Brasilândia de Minas, noroeste de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizadas três procedências de baru, totalizando 66 famílias de meio-irmãos de polinização livre. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 3 x 4 metros, ou seja, 12 m2 por planta, totalizando, uma área de aproximadamente 1,19 ha, com 990 plantas. O experimento foi avaliado nas idades de 1, 3, 5, 10 e 11 anos. Foram medidas cinco plantas de cada parcela, obtendo-se o Diâmetro do Coleto (DC - somente nos dois primeiros anos), o Diâmetro à Altura do Peito (DAP) e a Altura Total. Para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram utilizados os programas estatísticos GENES e o Selegen-REML/BLUP. E para análises padronizadas e teste de normalidade dos dados experimentais foi empregado o programa estatístico Statgraphics Plus. A propagação assexuada apresentou-se como uma melhor alternativa para obtenção dos maiores ganhos de seleção, até mesmo na formação de pomares de sementes clonais para as progênies as quais apresentaram os melhores resultados nos caracteres avaliados. O caráter mais indicado para o processo de seleção foi o Diâmetro a Altura do Peito por ter apresentado os maiores valores de correlação genotípica ( 2 C ˆ ) variando de 0,03 a 0,12, e a melhor correlação entre as idades de 5 e 11 anos / Abstract: The objective of this work was to study characters of growth, as well as the parameters involved in early selection procedures in order to obtain more accurate responses in forest improvement programs, and its effects on adult x juvenile correlations and provenances and progenies of Dipteryx alata Vog. The data used for the study came from an experiment installed in Brasilândia de Minas, northwestern of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used three provenances of Baru, totaling 66 families of open pollinated half sibs. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The spacing used was 3 x 4 meters, or 12 m2 per plant, totaling an area of about 1.19 ha, with 990 plants. The experiment was evaluated at ages of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 11 years. Five plants from each plot were measured, obtaining the stem base diameter (only the first two years), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height. For the estimates of genetic parameters was used GENES and Selegen-REML/BLUP statistical software. For analysis and standardized test of normality of the experimental data was used the Statgraphics Plus statistical software. The asexual propagation presented himself as a better alternative to obtain higher gains from selection, even in the implementation of clonal seed orchard for progenies which showed the best results regarding characters. The most suitable character for selection process was the diameter at breast height because it presented the highest values of genetic correlations ( 2 C ˆ ) from 0.03 to 0.12, and the best correlation between the ages of 5 and 11 years old / Doutor

No description available.

Orientador: Ananda Virginia de Aguiar / Resumo: As espécies nativas podem ser utilizadas para diversos usos em sistemas de produção, bem como para recuperação ambiental. Porém, poucas dessas espécies são exploradas economicamente devida à falta de oferta de sementes com qualidade genética no mercado. De maneira geral, a caracterização genética de populações e a seleção de indivíduos mais produtivos a partir de testes de progênies é a primeira etapa do processo para obtenção de indivíduos mais produtivos para sistemas de produção. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram estimar a variação e a divergência genética, as relações genéticas e fenotípicas entre os caracteres quantitativos, bem como a interação genótipo x ambiente de testes de progênies de polinização aberta de Cordia trichotoma e Dalbergia nigra. As avaliações foram realizadas durante os quatro primeiros anos após o plantio. Os caracteres avaliados foram: diâmetro do coleto a 30 cm do solo, diâmetro a altura do peito 1,30 m do solo, altura total das plantas, altura do primeiro verticilo e sobrevivência. Para a estimativa dos componentes de variância e das análises multivariadas utilizou-se o método REML/BLUP (Melhor predição linear não viciada/máxima verossimilhança restrita). As análises foram realizadas entre as progênies da mesma espécie. Dois testes de progênies de C. trichotoma e D. nigra, em sistema de consórcio, foram instalados em 2012 na empresa Vale Rio Doce, em Linhares-ESpirito Santo, em duas áreas, em duas textura de solos. O delineamento experiment... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Native species can be used for various purposes in production systems, as well as for environmental recovery. However, few of these species are economically exploited due to the lack of genetic quality of seeds in the marketplace. In general, the genetic characterization of populations and the selection of more productive individuals from progeny tests are the first stage of the process to obtain more productive individuals for production systems. The objectives of this work were to estimate the variation and genetic divergence, identify the genetic and phenotypic relationships among the quantitative traits, as well as analyze the genotype x environment interaction of open pollinated progenies of Cordia trichotoma and Dalbergia nigra. The assessments were conducted during the first four years after planting. The evaluation traits were: collection diameter at 30 cm from the soil, diameter at 1.30 m from the soil, total height of the plants, height of first whorl and survival. To estimate the components of variance and multivariate analyzes, the REML/BLUP method (Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) was used. The analyses were carried out among the progenies of the same species. The two progenies of Cordia trichotoma and Dalbergia nigra, in a consortium system, were installed in 2012 at Vale Rio Doce, in the municipality of Linhares, Espirito Santo, in two areas, using two distinct soils. The experimental Randomized Complete Block design (RCB) were div... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canuto_dso_dr_ilha.pdf: 546568 bytes, checksum: 277ddfa04a5cb5726a68fcc227b176bd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A aroeira Myracrodruon urundeuva (F.F. & M.F. Allemão) é conhecida pela extraordinária durabilidade e resistência de sua madeira, possui reconhecido valor econômico e apresenta diversas aplicações, entre elas, a confecção de esteios, postes moirões e dormentes, extração de tanino e bálsamo. Seis populações da espécie estão sendo conservadas ex situ em delineamentos experimentais na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da FEIS/UNESP, em Selvíria-MS, onde se pretende ampliar a base genética, recombinar a variabilidade genética e produzir sementes para reflorestamentos. Das seis populações duas são procedentes de área com pouca perturbação antrópica: Estação Ecológica do Instituto Florestal em Paulo de Faria-SP e Estação Ecológica do Seridó em Serra Negra do Norte-RN. As outras quatro são de área com forte perturbação antrópica: Bauru-SP, Itarumã-GO, Petrolina-PE e Selvíria-MS. Dessa forma, foram avaliados nove testes de progênies de M. urundeuva para caracteres quantitativos empregando-se a metodologia REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita / melhor predição linear não viciada), assumindo que as progênies são parentes no grau de meios-irmãos e a metodologia MHPRVG para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade nos testes de progênies provenientes da Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria em quatro sistemas de plantio (ambientes) diferentes. Este trabalho permitiu estudar os caracteres de desenvolvimento silvicultura nos testes de progênies, a variabilidade genética, o ganho de seleção a partir do Índice Multiefeito, a propagação sexuada e assexuada, a sobreposição de geração e a estabilidade e adaptabilidade das progênies de M. urundeuva. Verificou-se que as progênies de M. urundeuva em relação aos caracteres silviculturais analisados: altura total, diâmetro médio da copa (DMC), diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP)... / The aroeira Myracrodruon urundeuva (F.F. & M.F. Allemão) has been known for the extraordinary durability and resistance of its wood, it has recognized economic value and presents several uses, as for, posts, and sleepers, tannin extraction, and balm. Six populations of the species has been conserved by ex situ design in Experimental Station of Education, Research, and Extension of FEIS/UNESP, in Selvíria-MS Brazil, where to intend to enlarge the genetic base, mix up the genetic variability and to produce seeds for reforestations. Two out of six populations are coming from sites with little anthopic disturbance: Ecological Station of the Instituto Forestal in Paulo de Faria-SP, Brazil and Ecological Station of Seridó in Serra Negra- RN, Brazil. The others four are from sites with large anthopic disturbance: Bauru-SP, Itarumã-GO, Petrolina-PE and Selvíria-bad. In that way, were evaluated nine progeny trial of M. urundeuva to study the traits using the methodology of REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita/melhor predição linear não viciada), stating that the are half site and the MHPRVG methodology for the adaptability and stability analyses by trials from Ecological Station of Instituto Florestal of Paulo de Faria by four different plantation systems (atmospheres). This research to study the traits of development forestation in the progeny trials, the genetic variability, the selection gain starting by Index Multi-effects´, the propagation sexual and assexual, Superiority of elite trees in relationship of the progenies and the stability and adaptability of the progenies of M. urundeuva. Verified that the progenies of M. urundeuva in relation to the traits analyzed silviculturais: total height, medium diameter of the cup (DMC), diameter to the height of the chest (DAP) they had a satisfactory development, and the progenies originating from of the Ecological Station... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:06:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guerra_crsb_dr_ilha.pdf: 498584 bytes, checksum: d221c314ce194301eca16844654ed1c8 (MD5) / Dentre as espécies que vêm sofrendo interferência antrópica encontra-se a aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.). Como estratégias de conservação propostas, destacam-se a ex situ e entre as estratégias para avaliar a variabilidade genética retida ex situ, destaca-se a genética quantitativa, onde são estimados parâmetros genéticos para alguns caracteres silviculturais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de duas populações de M. urundeuva em plantio heterogêneo, estimar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro das populações de M. urundeuva, fornecendo subsídios para a conservação genética ex situ, obter informações sobre a regeneração natural de outras espécies arbóreas na área de instalação do teste de progênies/procedências, avaliar o desenvolvimento e a composição bromatológica da forrageira desenvolvida no sub-bosque de M. urundeuva em sistema silvipastoril. Foram avaliados dois testes de progênies de M. urundeuva, localizados em Selvíria-MS e estabelecidos em 1992 em plantios heterogêneos, contendo 25 famílias provenientes de Aramina estado de São Paulo e 25 de Selvíria estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Os ensaios foram avaliados para o DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito), DMC (diâmetro médio da copa), altura, forma do tronco e sobrevivência. Os resultados obtidos a partir do uso do software SELEGEN, permitiram observar que as populações de Selvíria e Aramina, apresentaram baixa herdabilidade, indicando a existência de variabilidade, sendo que a variabilidade genética foi maior dentro da população de Selvíria, quando comparada a de Aramina. A população de Selviria apresentou maiores ganhos com seleção que a de Aramina, tanto na realização de propagação sexuada quanto de assexuada, as duas populações apresentaram-se bem adaptadas ao local de implantação do teste de progênie/procedência, visto... / Among species that have been suffering for human interference is the Aroeira tree (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.). Considering the conservation strategies proposed the conservation ex situ stands out as the strategies to evaluate the genetic variation retained ex situ, the quantitative genetics stands out where genetic parameters are estimated for some forestry characters. The research have aimed to evaluate the performance of two populations of M. urundeuva in heterogeneous planting, to estimate the genetic variation between and within the populations of the species, providing subsides for ex situ genetic conservation, to obtain information on natural regeneration of other tree species in the area where the progeny/origin triols set up were held, to evaluate the development and bromatological composition of forage developed in sub-forest of M. urundeuva in a agroforestry system. Two progenies test of M. urundeuva were evaluated. They were located in Selviria-MS and established in 1992 in heterogeneous planting, containing 25 families coming from Aramina-MS and 25 from Selviria-MS. The tests were evaluated for DAP (diameter at breast height), DMC (average diameter of top), plant height, steam form, and survival. The results obtained by the use of SELEGEN software, makes it possible to observe the populations in Selviria and Aramina showed low inheritance, indicating the existence of variation. The genetic variation was higher within Selvíria population, than Aramina,and Selviria population showed higher gain of selection than the Aramina population, not only by sexual propagation, but also by asexual propagation, both populations were well adapted to the location of progeny /origin trials, beeing that the survival rate was higher than 90 %. The use of IME has allowed the selection of progenies which can provide a high gain of selection and variation; in that case a maximum Kf must... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

La hernie est une maladie racinaire affectant les Brassica, causée par Plasmodiophora brassicae. Le déploiement de variétés présentant des facteurs génétiques de résistances est le moyen de lutte principal contre cette maladie. Toutefois, l’efficacité de ces variétés résistantes dans les nouveaux systèmes d’agriculture durable, à bas intrant azoté, est encore à évaluer. Dans ce contexte, les questions de recherche posées dans cette thèse sont les suivantes : i) La modulation de la résistance à la hernie par la réduction de l’apport azoté est-elle génotype/isolat dépendante ? ii) Y-a-t-il un effet de la réduction des apports azotés sur l’architecture génétique de la résistance à la hernie chez le colza ? iii) Quels sont les réponses transcriptomiques et métabolomiques impliquées dans la réduction du développement des symptômes en condition de carence azotée ? Le criblage de la réponse de nombreux génotypes de colza vis-à-vis de plusieurs isolats de P. brassicae a été réalisé dans deux conditions de fertilisation azotée (8 mM et 1 mM de nitrate). Basé sur ces expériences, le contrôle génétique du développement des symptômes et de la production des spores de repos lors de l’infection par deux isolats (eH et K92-16) a été étudié par génétique de liaison chez une population biparentale et par génétique d’association chez un panel de colza d’hiver. Enfin, les réponses moléculaires impliquées dans la réduction du développement des symptômes observée chez le génotype ‘Yudal’ en condition 1mM ont été étudiées par des méthodes de RNA-seq et de métabolomique. L’impact de la fertilisation azotée sur la quantité de symptômes et la production de spores de repos est variable selon la combinaison génotype/isolat. Les modulations observées entraînent une augmentation de la résistance en condition 1mM. La fertilisation azotée module également l’effet (R2) de certains des Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) impliqués dans la résistance. Dans le cas de l’isolat eH, elle affecte principalement l’effet des QTL C09 et C02. L’augmentation de résistance observée chez le génotype ‘Yudal’ en condition 1mM, vis-à-vis de l’isolat eH, semble liée à la surexpression de gènes impliqués dans l’assimilation des nitrates (famille NRT2) et dans le transport de l’auxine. / Clubroot is a Brassica root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae. The use of varieties including genetic resistance factors is the most efficient strategy to manage clubroot disease. However, efficiency of these resistant varieties newly integrated in low-input agricultural systems (especially low nitrogen input) needs to be evaluated. In this context, the research questions investigated in this thesis are: i) Is clubroot resistance modulation by nitrogen fertilization genotype/isolate dependent? ii) Is there an effect of nitrogen fertilization reduction on the genetic architecture of clubroot resistance in rapeseed? iii) What are the transcriptomic and metabolomic responses implicated in symptom reduction under low nitrogen fertilization? To answer these questions, clubroot responses of several rapeseed genotypes were screened using different P. brassicae isolates under two nitrogen fertilizations (8mM and 1mM of nitrate). Based on this experiment, genetic control of symptom development and resting spore production during inoculation using two isolates (eH and K92-16) was studied by linkage analyses using a bi-parental population and by genome wide association using a winter rapeseed diversity set. Last, molecular responses implicated in symptom development, observed in ‘Yudal’ genotype under 1mM condition, were studied using RNA-seq and metabolomic methods. We revealed that impact of nitrogen fertilization on symptom quantity and resting spore production are dependent to genotype/isolate combination. Modulations observed were characterized by an increase of resistance under 1mM condition. Additionally, nitrogen fertilization modulates also the effect (R²) of some Quantitative Trait Loci implicated in clubroot resistance (QTL). Using eH isolate, nitrogen fertilization principally impacts C09 QTL and C02 QTL effects. Ultimately, increase of resistance observed on ‘Yudal’ genotype under 1mM condition, using eH isolate, seems to be related with overexpression of genes implicated in nitrate assimilation (NRT2 family) and auxin transport.