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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

US Equity REIT Returns and Digitalization

Axelsson, Birger January 2023 (has links)
This licentiate thesis is a collection of two essays that utilize time-series econometric methods in real estate finance. The first essay applies econometric modelling on Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) index returns, focusing on estimating the effect of the quantitative easing (QE) and quantitative tightening (QT) programmes on U.S. equity REIT index returns, while controlling for several other important macro-financial factors. The second essay instead focuses on forecasting U.S. equity REIT index returns empirically, where the performance of a traditional econometric model (ARIMA) is compared to a modern state-of-the-art deep learning-based model (LSTM). Digitalization, which encompasses a broad range of technological advancements, is the main factor that we study for its impact on REIT investments. One perspective on the impact of digitalization on REITs is its effect on inflation. Digitalization has the potential to increase productivity and reduce costs, which could help to keep inflation low. This, in turn, has in the recent decades provided a supportive environment for REIT investments through lower interest rates, which we partly investigate in the first essay. Another perspective is that digitalization has not only led, but is also expected to lead, to significant innovations in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), including deep learning (DL), which is a subset of ML. Many researchers and market practitioners are currently working to develop models that can use large amounts of data to make better forecasts and investment decisions. If successful, these models could significantly improve the performance of REIT investments. Can DL models be trained to make better forecasts for making investments? This is a question we ask ourselves in the second essay. The study of digitalization and its effects on inflation has been a growing area of interest in recent years, with researchers exploring the potential impact of technological advancements on macroeconomic trends, which founded the base to our studies. However, recent developments in the global economy have shifted the focus of this research, as inflation levels have unexpectedly risen from what was previously believed to be a low and stable environment. As a result, the setting and framework for our research on digitalization and inflation have been significantly altered, as we have tried to adapt to this changing landscape. / Denna licentiatuppsats är en samling av två forskningsartiklar som använder tidsserieekonometriska metoder inom finansiell ekonomi med fokus på fastighetsaktier. Den första artikeln tillämpar ekonometriska metoder på tidsseriedata för amerikanska börsnoterade fastighetsfonder, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), med fokus på att uppskatta effekten av icke-konventionella penningpolitiska aktiviteter (kvantitativa lättnader och kvantitativ åtstramning) på avkastningsserierna, samtidigt som vi kontrollerar för andra viktiga makroekonomiska och finansiella variabler. Den andra artikeln fokuserar istället på att bygga modeller för prognoser av avkastningen på avkastningsserierna empiriskt, där prognosfelen för en traditionell ekonometrisk modell (ARIMA) jämförs med en modern djupinlärningsbaserad modell (LSTM). Digitalisering, som omfattar ett brett spektrum av tekniska framsteg, är den viktigaste faktorn som vi studerar för dess inverkan på REIT-investeringar. Ett perspektiv på digitaliseringens inverkan på REITs är dess effekt på inflationen. Digitalisering har potential att öka produktiviteten och minska kostnaderna, vilket kan bidra till att hålla inflationen låg. Detta har i sin tur under de senaste decennierna varit fördelaktigt för REIT-investeringar genom lägre räntor, vilket vi delvis undersöker i den första uppsatsen. Ett annat perspektiv är att digitaliseringen inte bara har lett, utan också förväntas leda, till betydande innovationer inom området artificiell intelligens (AI) och maskininlärning (ML), inklusive djupinlärning (DL), som är en delmängd av ML. Många forskare och professionella aktörer arbetar just nu med att utveckla modeller som kan använda stora mängder data för att göra bättre prognoser och investeringsbeslut. Om de lyckas kan dessa modeller förbättra resultatet för REITinvesteringar avsevärt. Kan DL-modeller tränas för att förbättra möjligheterna till att göra mer tillförlitliga prognoser och därmed öka chanserna till att göra mer lönsamma investeringar? Det är en fråga vi ställer oss i den andra artikeln. Digitalisering och dess effekter på inflationen har varit ett starkt växande fält inom såväl forskning som praktisk tillämpning de senaste åren, med forskare som undersöker den potentiella inverkan av tekniska framsteg på makroekonomiska trender, vilket har legat till grund för våra studier. Den senaste tidens utveckling i den globala ekonomin har dock flyttat fokus för denna forskning, eftersom inflationsnivåerna oväntat har stigit från vad som tidigare ansågs vara en låg och stabil miljö. Som ett resultat har miljön och ramarna för vår forskning om digitalisering och inflation ändrats avsevärt, eftersom vi har försökt anpassa oss till detta föränderliga landskap. / <p>QC 20231201</p>
2

Sustainability amid Monetary Policy : Quantitative Easing and Tightening

Etelkozi, Colman January 2023 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to examine whether the implementation of quantitative easing (QE) and quantitative tightening (QT) in the United States has detracted from the integrity of the country’s macroeconomic environment. In other words, does QE impact macroeconomic stability? Then, evaluate implications and externalities of stability as they relate to sustainability efforts. QE and QT are relatively new phenomena, understanding their effects and implications for the greater economy is a worthwhile endeavor, not least because QE is a current practice of so many central banks internationally. This study has two parallel investigations; first, a time series analysis conducted with a VAR model investigating the relationship of QE/QT usage by the Federal Reserve (Fed) on the macroeconomic stability of the United States. The data used in this study includes 242 monthly observations spanning January 2003 - February 2023. The second, is an OLS regression analysis evaluating whether macroeconomic stability is potentially correlated with sustainability efforts. For this study, 23 annual observations spanning 1995 – 2017 were used. Due in part to the general unavailability of genuine progress indicator (GPI) data. Based on the analysis conducted using a VAR model at lag t-4, QE has a positive relationship with Producer Price Index (PPI) and Federal Funds Rate (FFR). This is in accord with previous empirical literature on the subject. However, the second path of discovery failed to yield significant results with regard to the link between macroeconomic stability and sustainability efforts. Mention of this study’s limitations as well as avenues for future research can be found in the conclusion of this study.

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