Thesis (M.S.) B.Y.U. Dept. of History.

Thesis (M.S.) B.Y.U. Dept. of History. / Electronic thesis. Also available in print ed.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Confirmar a realidade e realçar a experiência por meio de fotos é um consumismo estético em que todos, hoje, estão viciados. Fotografias possuem uma enorme importância na sociedade moderna e, geralmente, só se registra aquilo que se quer mostrar. Aqueles que vivem nas favelas cariocas, no entanto, não dominam a imagem construída a seu respeito, freqüentemente associada a representações construídas pela mídia, diretamente ligadas à guerra do tráfico de drogas. O número de projetos sociais (áudio) visuais vem crescendo em todo o Brasil, visando valorizar a auto-estima e as relações sociais, além de formar profissionalmente os jovens. Esperam, dessa forma, torná-los cidadãos e dá-lhes uma visibilidade social positiva. Na favela Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro, a ONG Olhares do Morro criada em 2002 pretende criar uma representação da favela alternativa a esta, onde a violência é foco único, contribuindo para a construção de uma nova realidade, onde o cotidiano e a paisagem local são focalizados pelos moradores, transformando o olhar sobre seu lugar de moradia. Compreender que fotos são essas e por que se diferenciam das até então produzidas, além de perceber como transformam olhares externos (e internos) em relação às favelas são questões atuais. Aqui, pretendo fazer uma análise das imagens produzidas pelo grupo, pensando sobre a relação das imagens fotográficas com sua identidade, e como estas podem contribuir para a transformação de um estigma social. / Photographs have taken an enormous importance in modern society. Usually, we register what we want to be viewed, but if we consider, for example, photographs of the population of the favelas, it is notice able that the most commonly presented image of the people, their environment and their daily life is not similar to the reality they perceive. They, thus, do not have any control on their image, as it is diffused by others. This image is associated, frequently, with representations spread by the media, which are always related to drug traffic and urban violence. For a few years, a great number of visual social projects, with the objective of valuing the regard of oneself and of establishing bonds between the various social layers in the different districts of the cities, have been developed, in Brazil. Among the innumerable projects, there are those that investin vocational training in photography for young favela inhabitants from Rio. The Olhares do Morro organization develops a work that aims at changing the representation of the favela, whose violence always takes the first place. Its main objective is to present another reality, in which their local daily lives and landscapes are recorded photographically by the young inhabitants. They set out to transform the external (and internal) view on the favelas, since photographs have the faculty of changing the perception which one builds of the other or of a place. This memory also analyzes the photographs taken by young photographers of Olhares do Morro as the image of themselves and of the place where they live that they want to transmit. It is, thus, a matter of considering their new trade - photography - a means of building another identity and of denying the social marks related to drugs and marginality.

Confirmar a realidade e realçar a experiência por meio de fotos é um consumismo estético em que todos, hoje, estão viciados. Fotografias possuem uma enorme importância na sociedade moderna e, geralmente, só se registra aquilo que se quer mostrar. Aqueles que vivem nas favelas cariocas, no entanto, não dominam a imagem construída a seu respeito, freqüentemente associada a representações construídas pela mídia, diretamente ligadas à guerra do tráfico de drogas. O número de projetos sociais (áudio) visuais vem crescendo em todo o Brasil, visando valorizar a auto-estima e as relações sociais, além de formar profissionalmente os jovens. Esperam, dessa forma, torná-los cidadãos e dá-lhes uma visibilidade social positiva. Na favela Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro, a ONG Olhares do Morro criada em 2002 pretende criar uma representação da favela alternativa a esta, onde a violência é foco único, contribuindo para a construção de uma nova realidade, onde o cotidiano e a paisagem local são focalizados pelos moradores, transformando o olhar sobre seu lugar de moradia. Compreender que fotos são essas e por que se diferenciam das até então produzidas, além de perceber como transformam olhares externos (e internos) em relação às favelas são questões atuais. Aqui, pretendo fazer uma análise das imagens produzidas pelo grupo, pensando sobre a relação das imagens fotográficas com sua identidade, e como estas podem contribuir para a transformação de um estigma social. / Photographs have taken an enormous importance in modern society. Usually, we register what we want to be viewed, but if we consider, for example, photographs of the population of the favelas, it is notice able that the most commonly presented image of the people, their environment and their daily life is not similar to the reality they perceive. They, thus, do not have any control on their image, as it is diffused by others. This image is associated, frequently, with representations spread by the media, which are always related to drug traffic and urban violence. For a few years, a great number of visual social projects, with the objective of valuing the regard of oneself and of establishing bonds between the various social layers in the different districts of the cities, have been developed, in Brazil. Among the innumerable projects, there are those that investin vocational training in photography for young favela inhabitants from Rio. The Olhares do Morro organization develops a work that aims at changing the representation of the favela, whose violence always takes the first place. Its main objective is to present another reality, in which their local daily lives and landscapes are recorded photographically by the young inhabitants. They set out to transform the external (and internal) view on the favelas, since photographs have the faculty of changing the perception which one builds of the other or of a place. This memory also analyzes the photographs taken by young photographers of Olhares do Morro as the image of themselves and of the place where they live that they want to transmit. It is, thus, a matter of considering their new trade - photography - a means of building another identity and of denying the social marks related to drugs and marginality.

Heavy civil riots occurred in Bogota on April 9th, 1948, the day when the popularleader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan was killed. This popular insurrection had deep consequences which reflect to the present-day construction of the city. Crowds of people from the popular districts of the city took part in demonstrations that resulted in the death of about 3,000 people and destroyed parts of the historic center and some symbolic places. Subsequently, the rebellion spread throughout the whole country. After this historic event, which is known as the ‘Bogotazo’, the modernization, which had started beforehand, sped up in a radical way. At the same time, the ingression of new inhabi- tants from the surrounding region increased significantly, resulting in Bogota developing into the metropolis it is today. The poor and working class population started with the invasion and the construction of ‘pirate quarters’ in the southern suburban area and in the eastern hills, while the rich population started moving toward the north of the city. In this way, the suburbs seem to be a projection of the city but in a rather unplanned way, which have mainly been generated by the population itself. In this way we describe the process in which working class people took possession of a large city, and the way in which a city was informally developed, resulting in the creation of suburban quarters. / El 9 de abril de 1948, día del asesinato del líder popular Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, se produjo enBogotá una revuelta popular de profundas consecuencias. Este evento definió en parte la manera en la que se construyó la ciudad desde entonces. Gente de toda Bogotá, incluidos los barrios populares, descendió al centro histórico (lugar del asesinato) para unirse a las manifestaciones que provocaron la muerte de aproximadamente 3000 personas y la semi-destrución de algunos lugares simbólicos. Dicha revuelta se extendió a todas las regiones del país.Después de dicho acontecimiento, conocido como El Bogotazo, la modernización de la ciudad que ya había comenzado se acentuó de manera radical. Paralelamente, la entrada masiva de habitantes de todo el país le dio a Bogotá la connotación de metrópoli. Las clases populares comenzaron la invasión de las periferias con la construcción de ‘barrios piratas’ hacia el sur de laciudad, mientras que los ricos se dirigieron al norte. De esta manera, la periferia surgió como una proyección de la ciudad, pero de una manera no planificada y autogestionada por la población. Describiremos en este articulo la manera en que los sectores populares se apropian de la gran ciudad y la dotan de identidad, en la medida en que la informalidad y la distancia con el sistema oficial se convierten en la forma efectiva de definir un territorio en la ciudad.

From the Pioneer Company of 1847 to the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, approximately 60,000 Mormon pioneers made the journey from Winter Quarters to the Salt Lake Valley. Although some years have received more attention, every footprint placed on the prairie is part of the epic pioneer story. This thesis examines the major challenges and characteristics of the 1848 Mormon pioneers crossing of the plains. The sacrifices and contributions of the 1848 pioneers are as significant to the legacy of the Mormon westward migration as any other year. In order to explore, develop, and explain the thesis statement, this work includes five chapters. Chapter I: Introduction provides the historical setting of the 1848 Mormon pioneers. Chapter II: The L.D.S migration of 1848 in historical context. Chapter III: The general characteristics of the 1848 Mormon migration. Chapter IV: Relief efforts. Chapter V: Conclusion. The primary evidence for this thesis comes from journals of the 1848 Mormon pioneers. This research has discovered that the 1848 pioneers had the largest company in Mormon pioneer history. It is also the only year that each member of the First Presidency led a pioneer company across the plains. The companies' immense size coupled with insufficient provisions and an unusually dry spring required sacrifice and cooperation. Topics researched include: route and distances traveled, role of women, expressions of devotion, livestock issues, Indian relations, sickness, injury, and death. The 1848 pioneers received significant relief from 1847 migrants, who returned to the trail to assist.

Developers of Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) gaming software are making remarkable strides in increasing the realism of their software. This realism has caught the attention of the training community, which has traditionally sought system and operational replication in training systems such as flight simulators. Since games are designed and marketed for entertainment and not designed for training of tasks, questions exist about the effectiveness of games as a training system in achieving the desired transfer of skills to the actual environment. Numerous studies over the past ten years have documented that PC-based simulation training environments can offer effective training for certain types of training, especially aircraft piloting tasks. Desktop games have been evaluated from a case study approach for use in aviation training (Proctor, et al., 2004) and education planning and evaluating small unit tactics) (Proctor, et al., 2002) with positive results. Based on the review of selected studies in this area, PC-based simulator platforms have been found to have a positive training impact on cognitive skills (as opposed to psycho-motor skills). Specifically, the literature review has identified that skill sets involved in team resource management, intra- and inter-team coordination, and tactical team maneuvers have been shown to benefit from the use of PC-based simulation training. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the training transfer associated with a Tactical Decision-making game, using Close Combat: First to Fight as a case study. The null hypothesis tested was that traditional field training is equivalent to virtual training combined with field training. Measurements of the subjects' performance in live training were recorded. Additionally, self assessment questionnaires were administered.

This thesis combines two studies: the role of livestock in the temporal salvation of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Mormon exodus of 1846 and Cornelius P. Lott's contribution in the care of cattle and sheep during that time period. At Winter Quarters, the Church and its members depended in large measure for their survival upon the sizeable cattle herds they had acquired prior to their exodus from Nauvoo and during their trek across Iowa. Church leaders relied on men like Lott, whose expertise in the care of livestock, contributed significantly to the salvation of the Latter-day Saints. The work investigates the American agriculture and livestock industry in the first half of the nineteenth century for the context in which the Latter-day Saints acquired livestock and subsequently herded them across Iowa. During that time period, Missouri and Illinois had an abundance of good livestock, which contributed to success of the Mormon exodus. After their expulsion from the state of Missouri in 1838, the Church was left destitute of property and had to build up their livestock again. By 1846, they had amassed numerous herds, especially as they made a concerted effort to gather livestock in preparation for their exodus from Illinois. Along the Iowa trail, they continued acquiring cattle in great number by trading many of their possessions with local settlers. As Church leaders had designed, the Latter-day Saints arrived at the Missouri River with thousands of head of livestock. Their herds, particularly cattle, provided a significant lifeline for the Church in both sustenance and trade. Because the Latter-day Saints' livestock was such a precious commodity, Church leaders had to be selective in choosing men to care for the animals. Cornelius P. Lott represents that class of skilled hands who took on such assignments. He joined the Church in 1834 and became recognized by Joseph Smith in 1838 as he played a key role as a leader in the conflict against the Missouri mobs in 1838. He demonstrated his skills with livestock when the Prophet employed him as superintendent of the Smith farm in Nauvoo. Joseph Smith became well acquainted with Lott and favored him with unique privileges, including his participation in sacred temple ordinances, unavailable to most of the Church until later. Such experiences gave Lott opportunity to associate closely with Brigham Young and the Apostles. Hence, when Young sought for trusted men at the Missouri River who could care for the livestock, Lott was a natural choice. This study is valuable to Church history because it shows the importance of livestock and the men who cared for them in contributing to the success of the Mormon exodus and the temporal salvation of the Church. It is important in American history because gives insight into the role of cattle during the westward expansion era.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-26T13:28:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) ROCHA, A C V.pdf: 9101017 bytes, checksum: 8f9ed4a65f4d9764294eb098319a6dbd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T13:28:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) ROCHA, A C V.pdf: 9101017 bytes, checksum: 8f9ed4a65f4d9764294eb098319a6dbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-08 / CNPQ / A presente pesquisa analisa estruturas arquitetônicas descobertas durante escavações arqueológicas nos limites da senzala do Engenho Monjope. Considerando que a disposição espacial atual do engenho não reflete necessariamente os diversos contextos históricos de uso, interessa analisar as remanescentes estruturas arquitetônicas e determinar a que período pertencem, individual ou coletivamente, e que função ou funções que poderiam ter servido. Usando fontes históricas primárias e secundárias, materiais e dados de arquitetura, este estudo procura interpretar e definir as relações entre estruturas arqueológicas existentes a partir de uma perspectiva de espaços remodelados dentro de contextos históricos mutáveis. / The present study analyzes architectural structures uncovered during archaeological excavations in the vicinity of the slave quarters at the Monjope Sugar Mill. Considering that the current spatial disposition of the mill does not necessarily reflect the diverse historical contexts of use, it is of interest here to analyze the remains and determine to which period they belong, individually or collectively, and what function or functions they might have served. Using primary and secondary historical sources, material and architectural data, this study seeks to interpret and define the relations between archaeological and existing structures from a perspective of remodeled spaces within changing historical contexts.