A high blood glucose concentration is one of many factors that can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, which is a world-spreading disease. Many studies have been done on products that can lower the glycaemic response and one of these products is the grain rye. Whole grain rye and endosperm from rye have shown positive results on the blood glucose and insulin responses after carbohydrate intake in former studies. In this randomised crossover meal study, a special rye extract, rich in soluble fibres, was used to investigate if it gave the same blood glucose and insulin results as in previous studies. The rye product that was used is this study was obtained by a confidential extraction process. The rye extract was found to contain 20.4 g dietary fibres per 100 g dry weight and the rye drink that was served to the test subjects contained 4 g dietary fibre. The rye product and the reference product were both mixed with Fun Light soda for better taste. After the rye or reference drinks had been taken, white bread and water was consumed. In this randomised crossover intervention study, 16 healthy subjects participated and they were all recruited from Lund University. The subjects were men and women in the age of 20-33 with normal fasting blood glucose concentrations and a BMI range of 19-26. The subjects were randomly assigned to drink the rye drink or the reference drink on the first intervention day and the other drink the second time. On the intervention days the blood glucose and insulin concentrations were immediately determined by capillary measurement at fasting conditions (time -15) before the subjects began to drink their test- or reference drink during 15 minutes. After the drinks had been taken, the blood sugar concentration was measured (time 0) before the white bread and water were ingested. The blood sugar and insulin concentrations were then measured at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes from when the test subjects started to eat the white bread. The rye product displayed a lower incremental glucose response (p= 0.008) and a lower iPeak value (maximum value) than the reference product (p=0.002). Both GP and GPI were higher for the rye meal (p= 0.009 and p= 0.018). The insulin values did not differ significantly from each other in comparison with the reference meal. The rye product showed similar reduced blood glucose responses compared to its reference product as previous studies have shown. In contrast, the rye product did not show the same positive result on the insulin values. The rye products relatively lower blood glucose response may largely be due to the rye products content of arabinoxylan, which explains the rye drinks viscosity. The viscosity has in previous studies resulted in a slower gastric emptying rate and a slower absorption of glucose in the small intestine like it also looks to have done in this study.

Destilleri, saluhall och destilleri. Arkitketurskolans verksamhet ska flytta och uppgiften var att rita om nuvarande arkitekturskolan till Kontor, bostäder och offentliga/kommersiella verksamheter i gatauplan. Målet med projektet har varit att öppna upp den befintliga bygganden och få in en mer offentlig, öppen verksamhet i gatuplan.  Byggnaden rymmer efter ombyggnad en saluhall som tar upp största delen av gatuplanet. Gatuplanets utfackningsväggar byts ut mot glaspartier som öppnar upp fasaden runt om hela kvarteret.  Saluhallen verkar tillsammans med ett eget destilleri för brännvinstillverkning och ett bageri för knäckebrödstillverkning. På kvarterets innergård och tak finns åkermark där det odlas råg som förädlas på plats till brännvin och knäckebröd.

Denna studie behandlar upptaget av de hälsovådliga metallerna bly, kadmium, tallium, torium och uran i några viktiga grödor som vete, råg, potatis och sallat som används för humankonsumtion. Syftet var att studera faktorer och mekanismer som kan påverka grödornas upptag av dessa metaller. Målsättningen var även att utröna hur stor påverkan dessa faktorer har på grödornas upptag av Pb, Cd, Tl, Th och U. En litteraturstudie visade att de domesticerade grödorna vete, potatis, råg och sallat tar upp Pb, Cd, Tl, Th och U. Upptaget är störst hos sallat och potatis, förhöjda koncentrationer i åkermarken medför därför en ökad risk för att hälsovådliga koncentrationer återfinns i grödan. En ökad metallkoncentration av dessa grundämnen i marklösning och odlingssubstrat ger oftast högre metallkoncentrationer i aktuell gröda. De högsta koncentrationerna återfinns oftast i rötterna. Oorganiskt fosfatgödsel kan innehålla Pb, Cd, Tl, Th och U beroende på typ av råvara. Studier visar att fosfatgödsels kadmiuminnehåll åtminstone ger en ökad kadmiumhalt i grödor som råg, vete, potatis och sallat. En ökad användning av fosfatgödsel tycks även ge högre halter av torium och uran i vete. Stallgödsel från nötkreatur kan minska upptaget av bly och kadmium och arbuskulär mykorrhizasvamp kan binda metaller som bly och kadmium till rotvävnader och på så vis minska upptaget i växtdelar som används för humankonsumtion. Vetes upptag av kadmium och uran studerades i en experimentell hydroponisk dosstudie. Resultaten från den experimentella studien indikerade att förhöjd kadmiumhalt och urankoncentration i näringslösning kan ha gett upphov till förhöjda halter i vete, vilket i sin tur kan ha påverkat plantans tillväxt. I uranprovserien fastställdes att perlit tog upp uran. Utifrån data från försöken beräknades fördelningskonstanten Kd för löst uran/uranhalt i perlit. I denna provserie visade beräkningar att roten genom en aktiv process tog upp uran från näringslösningen. Resultaten indikerar att det finns risker med att äta grödor som odlats i jordar med höga halter av Pb, Cd, Tl, Th eller U. Hälsovådliga koncentrationer kan nås utan att något synligt symtom på kontaminering eller förgiftning hos grödan. / This study deals with the uptake of noxious metals lead, cadmium, thallium, thorium and uranium in some important crops such as wheat, rye, potatoes, and lettuce that are used for human consumption. The aim was to study factors and mechanisms that influence crop uptake of these metals. Another objective was also to define the impact of these factors on crop uptake of Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U.  According to a literature review domesticated crops such as wheat, potatoes, rye, and lettuce take up Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U. Lettuce and potatoes are the crop with the highest uptake. Elevated metal concentrations in arable land therefore entails a greater risk for harmful concentrations found in potato and lettuce. Increased concentrations of these elements in soil solution and growing medium usually give higher metal concentrations in the current crop. The highest concentrations are found mostly in the roots. Phosphate fertilizers may contain Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U depending on the type of raw material used for manufacturing. Studies show that the cadmium content in phosphate fertilizer can give an increased cadmium content in crops such as rye, wheat, potatoes and lettuce. An increased use of phosphate fertilizers also appears to give higher levels of thorium and uranium in wheat. Animal manure from cattle may reduce the uptake of lead and cadmium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can bind metals such as lead and cadmium to rot tissues and thus reduce the accumulation in plant parts used for human consumption. Wheat uptake of cadmium and uranium was studied in an experimental hydroponic dose study. The results of the experimental study indicated that elevated cadmium and uranium content in the nutrient solution increased the content of the element in the plant, which in turn may have affected the growth of the plant. The uranium sample series showed that perlite adsorbed uranium. Based on data from the trials the distribution constant Kd for dissolved uranium / uranium content in perlite was calculated. The results from the uranium sample series showed that the root through an active process took up uranium from the nutrient solution. The results indicate that there are risks associated with eating crops grown in soils with high levels of Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U. Hazardous concentrations may be reached in the crops with no visible signs of contamination or poisoning.