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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

A reading of Maturin1 s six novels makes it necessary to reevaluate the general opinion that he is chiefly a gothic novelist. This gothic view of Maturin is founded predominantly upon readings of The Fatal Revenge (1807), his first novel, and Melmoth the Wanderer (1820), his fifth. Although "traditional" gothic devices appear in both these novels, Maturin's searching analysis of Christianity as well as the specifically Irish framework make Melmoth, at least, more of a spiritual and social allegory than a gothic novel. Maturin also published four other novels: The Wild Irish Boy (1808), The Mi1esian Chief (1812), Women, or Pour et Contre (1818), and The Albigenses (1824). The first three of these novels are set in contemporary Ireland and they analyze various conflicting forces which, in Maturin1s view, retarded the building of a progressive and unified Irish society. In The Wild Irish Boy and The Mi.lesian Chief, for example, Maturin presents two approaches to the problem of Irish leadership, a problem which the Union with Great Britain in 1800 had magnified. In Women, also, he dramatizes particular religious and social tensions in Ireland; but in this case, it is the religious gulf which separates various groups and which the growing power of the Methodist community intensifies. His final novel, The Albigenses, likewise reflects religious tensions within Ireland; in this case, he reacts to the renewed threat posed by the native Catholics' quest for emancipation. Those who read these four novels --Scott, Morgan, Godwin, the Irish Catholics and the Irish Methodists, and other contemporaries --considered Maturin as more than simply a gothic novelist. Furthermore, if his letters to Sir Walter Scott and to Archibald Constable can be relied upon, Maturin regarded himself as a serious commentator upon Ireland's social and spiritual degeneracy rather than as a gothic novelist. Maturin, an Anglo-Irish clergyman who distrusted Catholic and Methodist alike, was a deeply spiritual man. To him, Ireland's civil chaos resulted from the misdirected spiritual energy of these two groups as well as from the presence of irresponsible Anglo-Irish and British social leaders. For him, a solution to these problems could only be created by sincere and devoted Christian living which was most easily gained by following the forms of the Church of England. Throughout his career as a writer, this belief formed the basis of both his sermons and novels alike; and furthermore,it inspired his search for an effective medium through which he could analyze and suggest solutions to the problems which, because of its unique collection of religions and races, existed in Ireland. By reading all his novels, therefore, and by considering them within the Irish context of the social and religious tensions in which he wrote, a view of Maturin emerges which shows him to be not only a gothic novelist, but also an Anglo-Irish controversialist. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

New Criticism has had a profound impact on Arabic critical thought since the early 1950s. The reasons behind this vary from one critic to another. Some have employed New Criticism to analyse the poetic movement of Shi r al-taf īla, and its new poetic features that required innovative critical tools. Other critics’ use of New Criticism was based on their familiarity with English literary thought and schools of criticism. While some Arab critics, such as Iḥsān Abbās, Izz al-Dīn Ismā īl and Ilyās Khūrī, partially employed New Criticism, others, such as Rashād Rushdī and his students, confined themselves exclusively to New Criticism, viewing it as the only appropriate approach to literature. Members of Majallat Shi r employed many New Critical ideas, deeming them to be the modern concept of poetry. Through an in-depth reading of the articles in Shi r, and a comparative approach based on thorough study of New Critical writings, this thesis demonstrates that the majority of the critical ideas and concepts which appeared in Shi r were based on New Criticism. Additionally, the thesis illustrates that many of Shi r’s critics, particularly Yūsuf al-Khāl who dominated the magazine, showed a great deal of fascination with the New Critics, Eliot in particular. The Shi r critics’ use of New Criticism appeared to be, particularly on the theoretical level, an imitation to such an extent that one cannot find any new critical ideas in al-Khāl’s works. Additionally, the New Critics’ concepts were predominantly theoretical and largely unsupported by examples from Arabic poetry, with the exception of Jabrā’s and Khālida Sa īd’s works. In this way, Shi r critics’ contention that modern Arabic literary thought should be creative while seeking to evade the imitation of classical literary and critical accounts was fallacious as they merely replaced one form of imitation with another. Furthermore, Shi r critics called for many ideas without providing literary justifications or examples. One instance pertains to their encouragement of the use of colloquial Arabic instead of the standardised form. Furthermore, other critical problems, such as issues involving poetic ambiguity and language, were tackled insufficiently. For these reasons, this thesis characterises the relationship of Shi r critics to the New Critics as not only one of fascination and imitation, but also as a parental paradigm similar to a father-child relationship. Initially, I sought to find in Shi r new critical concepts and developments resulting from the use of New Criticism and simultaneously based on modern Arabic literature. However, much to my dismay, I discovered that the magazine’s critical project based itself, to a great extent, on the New Critical concepts without questioning or challenging them. This behaviour appears analogous to children’s imitation of their parents as an ideal form of behaviour.

"The opening chapter of the paper presents a literary biography of Tolkien, giving the facts of his life and a chronology of his writings. Following this biography is a consideration of Tolkien's five major works of fiction; in the second chapter are discussed his two books for children, The Hobbit and Farmer Giles of Ham, while in the third is described his epic trilogy for adults, The Lord of the Rings, comprising The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. For each book, a synopsis of plot is given, together with excerpts from current and retrospective critical reviews. The final chapter is divided into two parts. The first explores the effect of Tolkien's scholarly pursuits on his fiction, with particular emphasis on the influence of his study of etymology and Norse epic literature. In the second part his theories of imaginative writing, as brought out in his essay, 'On Fairy-Stories,' are outlined with reference to their successful application in his own work"--Introduction. / "August, 1957." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Robert Clapp, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-102).

Thesis (M.A.R.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Tennessee, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-90).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves : [79]-82).

This essay details the profound economic and social impact of the Vietnam War on Hong Kong. The British colony provided essential strategic facilities to the U.S. war effort and ranked among the largest destinations for American servicemen on R&R. Between 1965 and 1970, Hong Kong annually hosted about 200,000 U.S. ground and naval personnel on holiday. This influx annually earned Hong Kong about US$300-400 million (in 2009 dollars) and employed thousands of residents working in the colony’s service and entertainment industries. In addition, American servicemen and the local businesses catering to them became a contentious issue in local society. Servicemen excited widespread interest, but their misdeeds and their bar and brothel stomping grounds provoked intense anxiety. Hong Kong residents’ ensuing debates exercised the available civil channels and stimulated the colony’s emerging public sphere, from English- and Chinese-language newspaper battles to outspoken unions and neighborhood associations. In tandem with famed events such as the Star Ferry Riots of 1966 and the communist agitations of 1967, American R&R was an essential ingredient to the emergence of a distinctive Hong Kong identity and citizenry during this period. While residents’ objections failed to curb the GIs’ holidays, Vietnam tourism and its reverberating effects pressed new sectors of Hong Kong residents to grasp and articulate their investment as citizens in the city’s future. Thus, the Vietnam War and its U.S. presence in Hong Kong were major factors in developing Hong Kong’s modern economy, civil society, and contemporary self-conception as a political, legal, and cultural ‘haven.’ / text

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