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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito da não linearidade na dinâmica das oscilações de rabi em uma rede óptica unidimensional / Effect of nolinearity on the dynamics of rabi oscilations in a one-dimensional optical lattice

Silva, Cícero Rita da 07 May 2013 (has links)
The linear propagation of optical beams through a transvers al periodic pattern, such as an optically induced lattice, have been reported to induce power oscillations between a pair of Fourier modes related by the Bragg resonance condition. These are Bloch modes with frequency within the band gap and thus, confined to the transversal plane (x,y), but otherwise traveling freely in the z-direction. Stemming from the coupling between the light beam and the periodic lattice, these twin-mode power oscillations have been referred as Rabi optical oscillations, due to the analogy with matter Rabi oscillations. In this work, investigates numerically investigate the behavior of such Rabi-type oscillations, under the influence of a selfdefocusing nonlinearity along the propagation direction. Is considered the incidence of a light pulse characterized by a Gaussian spectrum centered in one of the modes of the twin pair, into a one-dimensional photonic structure, with a periodic modulation of the optical refractive index lying in a transversal direction x. For a weak nonlinearities, observed an interesting interplay between linear twin coupling and selfdefocusing: the selfdefocusing effect spread energy of the central frequency to new neighboring modes occurring within the Gaussian spectrum input, centered in one mode of the pair, and transfer proportion of this energy to the correspondent resonant mode. In this way the center mode or frequency component of the spectrum in the presence of selfdefocusing effect, oscillates from one extreme to ano ther within the Brillouin zone. By increasing the nonlinearity, one finds a balanced combination of both effects, that is, Bragg resonance and selfdefocusing, which promotes the transference of the nonlinear reshaping of a Gaussian spectrum, occurring around the central frequency at the input, to the neighborhood of its twin mode. Thus, the nonlinear Rabi oscillations might reveal itself quite useful for optical techniques and optical devices in the sense that, by suitably tailoring the electromagnetic space one could allow the tuning of the nonlinear frequency spreading. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A propagação linear de feixes ópticos através de um padrão periódico transversal, como uma rede induzida opticamente, é conhecida por induzir as oscilações de potência entre um par de modos de Fourier relacionados pela condição de ressonância de Bragg. Estes são os modos de Bloch com frequência dentro do band gap, por conseguinte, confinados no plano transversal (x,y), mas viajam livrementena direção z. Partindo do acoplamento entre um feixe óptico e a rede periódica,essas oscilações das potências dos modos acoplados têm sido referidas como as oscilações de Rabi ópticas, devido à analogia com as oscilações de Rabi na matéria. Neste trabalho, investiga-se numericamente o comportamento de tais oscilações tipo Rabi, sob a influência da não linearidade de autodesfocalização ao longo da direção de propagação. Considera-se a incidência de um pulso de luz caracterizado por um espectro Gaussiano, centrado em um dos modos do par acoplado, em uma estrutura fotônica unidimensional com uma modulação periódica do índice de refração na direção transversal x. Para uma não linearidade fraca, pode-se observar uma interessante interação entre os dois modos acoplados em regime linear e o efeito de autodesfocalização: O efeito de autodesfocalização distribui energia da frequência central para os novos modos vizinhos, dentro do espectro inicialmente Gaussiano, centrado em dos modos acoplados, e transfere parte dessa energia para o modo ressonante correspondente. Desta forma, o modo ou a componente de frequência central do espectro na presença do efeito de autodesfocalização oscila de um extremo a outro dentro da zona de Brillouin. Ao aumentar a não linearidade, encontra-se uma combinação balanceada de ambos os efeitos, que são, ressonância de Bragg e autodesfocalização, que promovem a transferência não linear remodelando o espectro Gaussiano, que ocorre na entrada em torno de uma frequência central, para seu modo vizinho. Assim, as oscilações de Rabi não lineares podem revelar-se bastante proveitosas para técnicas ópticas e dispositivos ópticos no sentido de que, atravésde um espaço eletromagnético adequado permitir a sintonia de espalhamento não linear da frequência.
2

Condensados em redes ópticas periódicas / Condensates in periodic optical lattices

Matsushita, Eduardo Toshio Domingues 06 August 2007 (has links)
Utilizamos o modelo de Bose-Hubbard para estudar as estabilidades dinâmica e termodinâmica dos condensados numa rede óptica periódica circular. O nosso principal objetivo foi investigar a existência de condensados metaestáveis no sistema. Deduzimos e resolvemos a equação de Gross-Pitaevskii e, a partir da análise das soluções, foi possível mostrar que o sistema se condensa em estados com momento modular bem definido. Esses estados formam uma base que diagonaliza o termo que descreve o tunelamento atômico no hamiltoniano de Bose-Hubbard. No contexto da teoria de Bogoliubov deduzimos para cada condensado, o hamiltoniano efetivo cuja diagonalização determina o espectro das excitações coletivas do sistema. Identificamos corretamente o modo de energia zero, conseqüência da violação da conservação do número de átomos, e verificamos que este possui momento modular igual ao do condensado. No estudo da estabilidade vimos que todos os condensados com momento modular nos 2º e 3º quadrantes são termodinamicamente instáveis e as respectivas condições de estabilidade dinâmica dependem dos parâmetros de controle do sistema. Por outro lado os condensados com momento modular nos 1º e 4º quadrantes são todos dinamicamente estáveis enquanto que, nesse caso, é a estabilidade termodinâmica que depende dos parâmetros de controle do sistema. Nessa análise verificamos que o condensado com momento modular zero, que corresponde ao mínimo global da energia, é sempre estável. Determinamos exatamente o intervalo nos parâmetros de controle a partir do qual podemos encontrar condensados metaestáveis no sistema. Examinamos como a competição entre as intensidades dos termos de tunelamento e repulsão local afeta a estabilidade dos condensados. Essa competição define dois regimes distintos: Rabi, onde a coerência entre estados localizados nos sítios é mantida, e Fock, onde não há mais essa coerência e a aplicabilidade da aproximação de Bogoliubov é questionável. / We use the Bose-Hubbard model to study the dynamical and thermodynamical stabilities of condensates in a circular periodic optical lattice. Our main goal was to investigate the existence of metastable condensates in the system. We derive and solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and from the analysis of the solutions it was possible to show that the system condenses in states with well-defined modular momentum. These states constitute a basis that diagonalizes the term of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian which describes the dynamics of atomic tunneling. In the framework of Bogoliubov theory we determine, for each condensate, the effective Hamiltonian whose diagonalization give us the collective excitation spectrum of the system. We show that the mode associated to a zero eigenvalue, which is a consequence of the violation of atoms number conservation, has the same modular momentum of the condensate. The condensates with modular momentum in the 2nd and 3rd quadrants are all thermodynamically unstable whereas the dynamical stability depends on the control parameters. On the other hand, the condensates with modular momentum in the 1st and 4th quadrants are all dynamically stable whereas the thermodynamical stability depends on the control parameters. Our analysis shows that the condensate with modular momentum zero, which corresponds to a global minimum of energy, is always stable independently of the control parameters. We determine, exactly, the range on the control parameters where it is possible to detect metastability in the system. We have studied how the competition between the intensities of the tunneling and local interaction terms affects the stability of the condensates. This competition defines two distinct regimes: Rabi, where the coherence between states localized in the sites is achieved, and Fock, where this coherence is not achieved and the validity of Bogoliubov approximation is questionable.
3

Etude par résonance paramagnétique électronique des composés organiques (TMTTF)2X (X=AsF6,PF6 et SbF6) / Electron Paramagnetic Resonance study of organic compounds (TMTTF)$ {2}$X (X=AsF${6}$, PF$ {6}$ and SbF$ {6}$)

Dutoit, Charles-Emmanuel 12 September 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude par la résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) des sels à transfert de charge quasi-unidimensionnels (TMTTF)$ {2}$X (X=AsF$ {6}$, PF$ {6}$, SbF$ {6}$), matériaux modèles de chaînes de spins quantiques. Tout d'abord, nous avons examiné en onde continue et sur une large gamme de température et de fréquence, la phase d'ordre de charge déjà observée dans ces matériaux en dessous de la température T$ {CO}$. Nous avons mis en évidence deux nouveaux phénomènes à T < T$ {CO}$: la rotation des axes principaux du facteur g et une modification structurale liée à un dédoublement de la maille cristallographique. Un calcul de chimie quantique a été réalisé à l'aide de la méthode DFT confirmant nos résultats expérimentaux. Dans la seconde partie de ces travaux de thèse, nous avons présenté les résultats obtenus par RPE en onde continue et en onde pulsée sur l'étude des défauts corrélés dans les systèmes à chaînes de spins. En onde continue, nous avons détecté pour la première fois une raie RPE fine à basse température, suggérant la présence de défauts corrélés ayant les caractéristiques de solitons. Les mesures par RPE pulsée nous ont permis d'observer les premières oscillations de Rabi de solitons piégés et de déterminer leur caractère robuste. Ces derniers résultats offrent une approche alternative aux qubits à base de spins pour le traitement de l’information quantique. / This thesis focuses on the study by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) of the quasi-one-dimensional charge transfer salts (TMTTF)$ {2}$X (X=AsF$ {6}$, PF$ {6}$, SbF$ {6}$), model materials of quantum spin chains. First, we have examined in continuous wave and on a wide range of temperature and frequency, the charge-ordered phase already observed in these materials below the temperature T$ {CO}$. We have identified two new phenomena at T <T$ {CO}$: the rotation of the principal axes of the g factor and a structural change related to a doubling of the unit cell parameter. A quantum chemical calculation was carried out using DFT confirming our experimental results. In the second part of the thesis, we have presented the results obtained by EPR in continuous wave and pulsed wave on the correlated defects study in spin chain systems. In continuous wave, we have detected for the first time a narrow EPR line at low temperature, suggesting the presence of correlated defects having the characteristics of solitons. The pulsed EPR measurements allowed us to observe the first Rabi oscillations of trapped solitons and to determine their robust character. These latter results offer an alternative approach for spin qubits in quantum information processing.
4

Termalização de qubits sujeitos à ação de reservatórios coletivos markovianos

Diniz, Emanuel Cardozo 26 August 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6362.pdf: 1897034 bytes, checksum: c83efb3252adeb24e85652c3a2f8240c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / We are interested in understanding the process of Markovian thermalization in quantum systems when we have one or two qubits interacting with a quantum electromagnetic field mode, using the Rabi model, in situations where there is interaction with a reservoir modeling the environment surrounding the system. This analysis of the thermalization is based on the calculation of the eigenvalues of the Liouvillian of the Markovian master equation. We will focus mainly on situations where there is interaction with independent and collective reservoirs, for cases where the subsystems interact with reservoirs at T=0K and T >0K. We investigate situations where there is no thermalization of the system and how this may influence interesting physical properties, such as the statistical properties of the field in the ultra strong scheme using the theory of input-output and quantum correlations between qubits collectively interacting with Markovian reservoirs. / Estamos interessados em entender o processo de termalização em sistemas quânticos markovianos, quando temos um ou dois qubits interagindo com um modo quântico do campo eletromagnético, utilizando o modelo de Rabi, em situações onde há interação com estruturas de reservatório que modelam o ambiente que cerca o sistema. Essa análise da termalização é baseada no cálculo dos autovalores do liouvilliano da equação mestra markoviana. Iremos focar principalmente nas situações onde há interação com reservatórios independentes e coletivos, para casos onde o subsistema interage com reservatórios a T=0K e T >0K. Investigamos situações onde há termalização ou não do sistema e como esse fator pode influenciar nas propriedades físicas interessantes, como, por exemplo, a estatística de detecção de fótons no regime ultra forte utilizando a teoria de entrada e saída e correlações quânticas entre os qubits interagindo com reservatórios markovianos.
5

Condensados em redes ópticas periódicas / Condensates in periodic optical lattices

Eduardo Toshio Domingues Matsushita 06 August 2007 (has links)
Utilizamos o modelo de Bose-Hubbard para estudar as estabilidades dinâmica e termodinâmica dos condensados numa rede óptica periódica circular. O nosso principal objetivo foi investigar a existência de condensados metaestáveis no sistema. Deduzimos e resolvemos a equação de Gross-Pitaevskii e, a partir da análise das soluções, foi possível mostrar que o sistema se condensa em estados com momento modular bem definido. Esses estados formam uma base que diagonaliza o termo que descreve o tunelamento atômico no hamiltoniano de Bose-Hubbard. No contexto da teoria de Bogoliubov deduzimos para cada condensado, o hamiltoniano efetivo cuja diagonalização determina o espectro das excitações coletivas do sistema. Identificamos corretamente o modo de energia zero, conseqüência da violação da conservação do número de átomos, e verificamos que este possui momento modular igual ao do condensado. No estudo da estabilidade vimos que todos os condensados com momento modular nos 2º e 3º quadrantes são termodinamicamente instáveis e as respectivas condições de estabilidade dinâmica dependem dos parâmetros de controle do sistema. Por outro lado os condensados com momento modular nos 1º e 4º quadrantes são todos dinamicamente estáveis enquanto que, nesse caso, é a estabilidade termodinâmica que depende dos parâmetros de controle do sistema. Nessa análise verificamos que o condensado com momento modular zero, que corresponde ao mínimo global da energia, é sempre estável. Determinamos exatamente o intervalo nos parâmetros de controle a partir do qual podemos encontrar condensados metaestáveis no sistema. Examinamos como a competição entre as intensidades dos termos de tunelamento e repulsão local afeta a estabilidade dos condensados. Essa competição define dois regimes distintos: Rabi, onde a coerência entre estados localizados nos sítios é mantida, e Fock, onde não há mais essa coerência e a aplicabilidade da aproximação de Bogoliubov é questionável. / We use the Bose-Hubbard model to study the dynamical and thermodynamical stabilities of condensates in a circular periodic optical lattice. Our main goal was to investigate the existence of metastable condensates in the system. We derive and solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and from the analysis of the solutions it was possible to show that the system condenses in states with well-defined modular momentum. These states constitute a basis that diagonalizes the term of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian which describes the dynamics of atomic tunneling. In the framework of Bogoliubov theory we determine, for each condensate, the effective Hamiltonian whose diagonalization give us the collective excitation spectrum of the system. We show that the mode associated to a zero eigenvalue, which is a consequence of the violation of atoms number conservation, has the same modular momentum of the condensate. The condensates with modular momentum in the 2nd and 3rd quadrants are all thermodynamically unstable whereas the dynamical stability depends on the control parameters. On the other hand, the condensates with modular momentum in the 1st and 4th quadrants are all dynamically stable whereas the thermodynamical stability depends on the control parameters. Our analysis shows that the condensate with modular momentum zero, which corresponds to a global minimum of energy, is always stable independently of the control parameters. We determine, exactly, the range on the control parameters where it is possible to detect metastability in the system. We have studied how the competition between the intensities of the tunneling and local interaction terms affects the stability of the condensates. This competition defines two distinct regimes: Rabi, where the coherence between states localized in the sites is achieved, and Fock, where this coherence is not achieved and the validity of Bogoliubov approximation is questionable.
6

Modélisation de la Physique Atomique et du Transfert Radiatif pour le laser X-UV

Robillart, Bruno 29 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Les sources X-UV sont l'objet d'un développement important depuis une dizaine d'années. Dans cette gamme spectrale, nous sommes maintenant capables de produire des sources cohérentes, collimatées et de forte brillance. De telles sources ont des applications dans l'imagerie médicale, la photolithographie, ou encore le diagnostic de plasmas denses... Cette thèse a été consacrée à la modélisation du laser X-UV "OFI", source X-UV étudiée au LOA (ENSTA, Palaiseau). Ce type de laser X-UV est généré suite à l'ionisation d'un gaz (Kr, Xe) par un laser infrarouge de forte puissance. Le plasma créé par cette interaction constitue la source X-UV. Le travail produit au cours de la thèse a porté sur l'amplification d'un signal X-UV injecté dans ce plasma. L'objectif était d'obtenir une analyse plus détaillée du profil spatio-temporel du signal. Un nouveau code numérique 3D a alors été élaboré. Il utilise un modèle de transfert radiatif décrit par les équations de Maxwell-Bloch. Les résultats du code ont d'une part montré que le profil temporel du signal X-UV changeait considérablement au cours de l'amplification. Notamment il peut, à forte saturation, révéler des pics d'intensité de très courte durée (<100fs). La forte saturation ne pouvant être obtenue qu'avec un plasma de plusieurs centimètres de long, ceci nous amène à considérer avec intérêt les expériences utilisant le guidage du laser infrarouge, permettant la création de tels plasmas. D'autre part, l'analyse de la structure du profil transverse du signal X-UV en sortie calculé à partir de ce même code, nous a permis de mettre en évidence que le plasma amplifi cateur agissait comme un filtre spatial sur l'impulsion X-UV injectée.
7

Ironia e paródia em O Rabi de Bacherach, de Heinrich Heine / Irony and parody in The Rabbi of Bacherach, of Heinrich Heine

Dias Junior, Antonio Herembergue 19 August 2009 (has links)
Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) é costumeiramente lembrado como um escritor engajado. Ora lido como um defensor do povo judeu do qual descendia ora como um intelectual livre que buscou um olhar crítico sobre as religiões e sobre o mundo burguês em formação. Sua obra O Rabi de Bacherach (1840) literaliza a saga do povo judeu em face do cristianismo na Alemanha. Eis, portanto, um vasto leque de possibilidades para análise do engajamento político de Heine, que se mostra nessa obra não de modo panfletário, senão a partir de uma visão crítica da religião. Dentro desse viés, o presente trabalho propõe-se a fazer uma leitura do seu Rabi destacando os recursos estilísticos da ironia e da paródia, acionadas frequentemente por Heine para operar com forças políticas de sua época, o que marcou profundamente sua poética ao mesmo tempo jocosa e crítica. / Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) is usually remembered as a politically engaged writer. Sometimes he is thought of as a defender of the Jewish people from whom he descended sometimes like a free thinker, who had a critical point of view about religions and the emerging bourgeoisie world. His work The Rabbi of Bacherach (1840) describes the saga of the Jewish people in view of Christianity in Germany. Thus, there is a wide range of possibilities to analyze Heines political engagement, which appears in this work not like pamphlet literature, but from a critical point of view about religion. In this context, the present work intends to point out the stylistical mechanisms of irony and parody in his Rabbi, which were often used by Heine to work with political forces of his time. Consequently his poetry was marked both in a funny and in a critical way.
8

Contrôle cohérent des états électroniques d'une boîte quantique unique

Enderlin, Alexandre 29 June 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Nous avons étudié les propriétés de cohérence d'une paire électron-trou confinée dans une boîte quantique (BQ) unique. Ce travail a été réalisé sur deux types de BQs : d'une part, des BDs de GaAs sur GaAlAs obtenues par fluctuations d'épaisseur aux interfaces, et d'autre part, des BQs auto-organisées d'InAs sur GaAs. Afin d'exciter de manière résonnante la transition fondamentale de BQs, celles-ci sont insérées dans un guide d'onde unidimensionnel. La luminescence des BQs est collectée par la surface du guide d'onde, de telle façon à séparer la luminescence du laser diffusé. Tout d'abord, nous avons observé des oscillations de Rabi sur l'intensité de la micro-photoluminescence en fonction de l'aire de l'impulsion lumineuse d'excitation. Ceci démontre l'existence d'une régime de couplage fort entre une BQ unique et l'impulsion. Deuxièmement, une paire électron-trou peut être manipuler par un train de deux impulsions, dans une expérience dite de contrôle cohérent. En fonction de la différence de phase entre les deux impulsions, des interférences constructives ou destructives entrainent, respectivement, une augmentation ou une diminution de l'intensité de la luminescence de la BQ. Nous avons montré que deux impulsions π permettent de mesurer le temps de vie, T1, de l'état excité et deux impulsions π/2 sont utilisées pour mesurer le temps de cohérence, T2. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le temps de décohérence total, T2 (170 ps), est du même ordre de grandeur que le temps de vie T1 (200 ps) bien que le limite supérieure de 2T1 ne soit pas atteinte. Nous en concluons que la perte de cohérence est autant dû à l'émission spontanée qu'aux processus de déphasage pur.
9

Electronic and Photonic Quantum Devices

Forsberg, Erik January 2003 (has links)
In this thesis various subjects at the crossroads of quantummechanics and device physics are treated, spanning from afundamental study on quantum measurements to fabricationtechniques of controlling gates for nanoelectroniccomponents. Electron waveguide components, i.e. electronic componentswith a size such that the wave nature of the electron dominatesthe device characteristics, are treated both experimentally andtheoretically. On the experimental side, evidence of partialballistic transport at room-temperature has been found anddevices controlled by in-plane Pt/GaAs gates have beenfabricated exhibiting an order of magnitude improvedgate-efficiency as compared to an earlier gate-technology. Onthe theoretical side, a novel numerical method forself-consistent simulations of electron waveguide devices hasbeen developed. The method is unique as it incorporates anenergy resolved charge density calculation allowing for e.g.calculations of electron waveguide devices to which a finitebias is applied. The method has then been used in discussionson the influence of space-charge on gate-control of electronwaveguide Y-branch switches. Electron waveguides were also used in a proposal for a novelscheme of carrierinjection in low-dimensional semiconductorlasers, a scheme which altogether by- passes the problem ofslow carrier relaxation in suchstructures. By studying aquantum mechanical two-level system serving as a model forelectroabsorption modulators, the ultimate limits of possiblemodulation rates of such modulators have been assessed andfound to largely be determined by the adiabatic response of thesystem. The possibility of using a microwave field to controlRabi oscillations in two-level systems such that a large numberof states can be engineered has also been explored. A more fundamental study on quantum mechanical measurementshas been done, in which the transition from a classical to aquantum "interaction free" measurement was studied, making aconnection with quantum non-demolition measurements.
10

Electronic and Photonic Quantum Devices

Forsberg, Erik January 2003 (has links)
<p>In this thesis various subjects at the crossroads of quantummechanics and device physics are treated, spanning from afundamental study on quantum measurements to fabricationtechniques of controlling gates for nanoelectroniccomponents.</p><p>Electron waveguide components, i.e. electronic componentswith a size such that the wave nature of the electron dominatesthe device characteristics, are treated both experimentally andtheoretically. On the experimental side, evidence of partialballistic transport at room-temperature has been found anddevices controlled by in-plane Pt/GaAs gates have beenfabricated exhibiting an order of magnitude improvedgate-efficiency as compared to an earlier gate-technology. Onthe theoretical side, a novel numerical method forself-consistent simulations of electron waveguide devices hasbeen developed. The method is unique as it incorporates anenergy resolved charge density calculation allowing for e.g.calculations of electron waveguide devices to which a finitebias is applied. The method has then been used in discussionson the influence of space-charge on gate-control of electronwaveguide Y-branch switches.</p><p>Electron waveguides were also used in a proposal for a novelscheme of carrierinjection in low-dimensional semiconductorlasers, a scheme which altogether by- passes the problem ofslow carrier relaxation in suchstructures. By studying aquantum mechanical two-level system serving as a model forelectroabsorption modulators, the ultimate limits of possiblemodulation rates of such modulators have been assessed andfound to largely be determined by the adiabatic response of thesystem. The possibility of using a microwave field to controlRabi oscillations in two-level systems such that a large numberof states can be engineered has also been explored.</p><p>A more fundamental study on quantum mechanical measurementshas been done, in which the transition from a classical to aquantum "interaction free" measurement was studied, making aconnection with quantum non-demolition measurements.</p>

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