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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Utilização de proteinas derivadas da matriz do esmalte (EMDOGAIN) no tratamento de defeitos intra-osseos : estudo longitudinal clinico e radiografico

Villalpando, Karina Teixeira 02 March 2003 (has links)
Orientador: Sergio de Toledo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T10:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Villalpando_KarinaTeixeira_D.pdf: 2781584 bytes, checksum: 258b6c60ba7d0ffa1c34543cb90f5de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar através de parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos o tratamento cirúrgico de defeitos periodontais intra-ósseos com ou sem a utilização de um gel composto por proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte (EMDOGAIN ¿MARCA REGISTRADA¿. Quinze pacientes, apresentando um total de 19 defeitos intra-ósseos interproximais compostos por 1 ou 2 paredes ósseas em dentes unirradiculares, foram divididos aleatoriamente nos grupos teste e controle. Os parâmetros clínicos foram avaliados através de guias de sondagem - stents, antes do procedimento cirúrgico (baseline), com 6 e 18 meses de pós-operatório, sendo eles: posição da margem gengival relativa (PMGR), nível de inserção clínica relativo (NICR) e profundidade de sondagem (PS). Medidas radiográficas lineares foram obtidas nos mesmos períodos de avaliação, através de radiografias padronizadas e digitais. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente usando ANOVA e o teste de Tukey (p< 0,05). Os resultados clínicos mostraram que aos 18 meses de avaliação houve, em média, uma redução da profundidade de sondagem de 3,2 '+ ou -' 1,44mm e um ganho no nível de inserção de 1,4 '+ ou - ' 1,26mm para o grupo teste, enquanto que no grupo controle, o valor médio de redução da profundidade de sondagem foi de 2,7 :t 0,89mm e do ganho de inserção clínica foi de 1,2 '+ ou -' 0,78mm. Radiograficamente, houve um preenchimento ósseo médio de 1,64 '+ ou -' 1,69mm no grupo teste e de 0,71 '+ ou -' 1,90mm no grupo controle. Os dois tratamentos cirúrgicos melhoraram os parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos quando comparados ao baseline, mas a diferença encontrada entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significante. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o tratamento cirúrgico convencional e regenerativo têm efeitos favoráveis na redução da profundidade de sondagem, no ganho clínico de inserção e no preenchimento ósseo radiográfico após 18 meses de avaliação. Um estudo envolvendo uma amostra de tamanho maior é necessário para confirmar essa equivalência estatística entre as duas modalidades de tratamento / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographical effects of the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with or without the use of a gel composed of enamel matrix proteins derivative (EMDOGAIN 'TRADEMARK¿). Fifteen patients, exhibiting a total of 19 defects 1 and 2 wall intrabony defects on one-rooted teeth, were randomly divided into test and control groups. Prior to surgery (baseline), 6 and 18 months after it the following parameters were evaluated using oclusal stents: relative gingival recession (RGR), relative clinical attachment levei (RCAL) and probing depth (PD). Linear radiographic measurements were obtained at the same time during this period through standard digital radiographies. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range Test (p< 0,05). The clinical results demonstrated that after 18 months there was a reduction in probing depth of 3.2 : '+ or -' 1.44mm and a gain in the clinical attachment levei of 1.4 '+ or -' 1.26mm on average for the test group. As for the control group the reduction in the probing depth was of 2.7 '+ or -' 0.89mm and the gain in the clinical attachment levei was of 1.2 '+ or -' 0.78mm on average. Radiographically, there was an average bone filling of 1.64'+ or -' 1.69mm in the test group and 0.7 '+ or -' 1.9mm in the control group. The two treatments improved clinical parameters as compared to baseline, but the differences found between the groups were not statistically significant. Therefore, it may be concluded that both therapies have similar effects in promoting probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, and defect bone till in the 18th month post treatment. A study involving a larger sample size is necessary to statistically confirm the equivalence between the two treatment modalities / Doutorado / Periodontia / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
2

Leg length discrepancy and femoral offset after total hip arthroplasty : clinical and radiological studies

Mahmood, Sarwar January 2016 (has links)
Every year, about 1 million patients worldwide and 16000 patients in Sweden undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA). This surgical intervention is considered a successful, safe and cost-effective procedure to regain pain-free mobility and restore hip joint function in patients suffering from severe hip joint disease or trauma. Besides relieving the pain, restoration of biomechanical forces around the hip with appropriate femoral offset (FO), leg length and proper component position and orientation are important goals. The radiographic preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of these parameters require good validity, interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. It remains controversial as to how much postoperative leg length discrepancy (LLD) and FO change are acceptable. Generally, lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm and FO reduction of the operated hip &gt; 5mm should be avoided by using preoperative radiological templating and intraoperative measurement methods. There is no consensus on the association between LLD and FO and outcome after THA. The aims of this thesis were to: 1. To determine the influence of non-corrected LLD after THA on patients’ reported hip function and quality of life (QoL). 2. To study the association of global FO changes after THA with patients’ reported hip function, QoL and abductor muscle strength. 3. To evaluate the concurrent validity of the Sundsvall method of measuring postoperative global FO by comparing it to a standard method and to evaluate the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of measurement of postoperative global FO, LLD and acetabular cup inclination and anteversion. 4. To analyse the postoperative radiographs of THA patients with leg lengthening and FO reduction to determine whether the problem is located in the stem, cup or both. Study I: A prospective cohort study of 174 patients with unilateral osteoarthritis (OA), comparing patients with lengthening ≥ 10mm, restoration (between 9 mm lengthening and 5 mm shortening) or shortening &gt; 5 mm of the operated leg after THA. Follow up was 12–15 months. We found that a LLD of up to 20 mm did not influence the functional outcome (WOMAC) or QoL (EQ-5D). However, the lengthening group showed less improvement in WOMAC and more use of a shoe lift. Study II: A prospective cohort study of 222 patients with unilateral hip OA, comparing patients with decreased global FO (&gt; 5 mm reduction), restored FO (within 5 mm restoration), and increased FO (&gt; 5 mm increment) after THA. Follow up was was 12–15 months. The unadjusted results showed that the decreased FO group had a worse WOMAC index, less abductor muscle strength, and more use of walking aids. When these results were adjusted for possible confounding factors, only global FO reduction was statistically significantly associated with reduced abductor muscle strength. The incidence of residual hip pain and analgesics use was similar in the 3 groups. Study III: A prospective cohort study of 90 patients with primary unilateral OA treated with THA. Global FO using the Sundsvall method, global FO (standard method), LLD, acetabular cup inclination and anteversion were measured on postoperative radiographs. The interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were tested using three independent observers. We found that the Sundsvall method is as reliable as the standard method and the evaluated radiographic measurement methods have the required validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice. Study IV: A prospective cohort study of 174 patients with unilateral primary OA treated with THA. LLD and global FO were measured on postoperative radiographs. Patients with lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm (n=41) and patients with reduction of global FO &gt; 5mm (n=58) were further studied to investigate the amount of lengthening and global FO reduction that took place in the stem and in the cup compared with the contralateral side. The interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were tested using two independent observers. We found that post-THA lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm was mainly caused by improper placement of the femoral stem, whereas a decrease of global FO &gt; 5 was caused by improper placement of both acetabular and femoral components. The radiological measurement methods used showed substantial to excellent interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility and are therefore clinically useful. The main conclusions of this thesis are: LLD up to 20 mm and reduced global FO more than 5 mm did not influence the functional outcome or quality of life at 12–15 months postoperatively. Lengthening ≥ 10mm was associated with increased use of a shoe lift. A reduction of global FO more than 5 mm compared to the contralateral hip was associated with weaker hip abductor muscles and more use of walking aids. Therefore both should be avoided. The radiographic measurement methods of LLD, global FO, cup inclination and anteversion have the required validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice. Lengthening of the operated leg is mainly caused by improper femoral stem positioning while global FO reduction results from improper positioning of both acetabular and femoral components. Surgeons should be aware of these operative pitfalls in order to minimize component malpositioning. / Varje år opereras ungefär 1 miljon patienter runt om i världen och 16000 patienter i Sverige med en total höftledsprotes (THA). Operation med höftledsprotes anses vara enav de mest framgångsrika, säkra och kostnadseffektiva kirurgiska åtgärderna med syfte att för att återställa livskvalité. Målet är att smärtlindra och återställa rörligheten i dendestruerade höftleden vid artros, reumatisk destruktion eller men efter exempelvis Perthes sjukdom. Vid operation med THA är det viktigt att återställa de biomekaniskakrafterna runt höftleden med en adekvat så kallad femoral offset (FO), postoperativ benlängdsskillnad (BLS) och ett tillfredsställande komponentläge. Den preoperativaplaneringen och den postoperativa bedömning av dessa parametrar kräver god tillförlitlighet, det vill säga validitet och reproducerbarhet både mellan olika bedömareoch vid upprepade mätningar av samma bedömare. Det är fortfarande inte klarlagt hur mycket postoperativ förändring i FO och BLS som är acceptabla. I dagsläget är detacceptabelt om den postoperativa benförlängningen understiger 1 cm och förändringen i FO är under 5 mm. Det finns ingen konsensus huruvida det föreligger ett sambandmellan BLS, FO och den patientrapporterade höftfunktionen och livskvalitén efter THA. Syftet med denna avhandling var: 1. Att studera effekten av icke-korrigerad BLS efter THA på den patientrapporterade höftfunktionen och livskvalitén. 2. Att studera effekten av förändringen i FO efter THA på den patientrapporterade höftfunktion, livskvalitén och muskelstyrka i abduktion. 3. Att utvärdera validitet och reliabilitet av en så kallad global FO genom att jämföra den med den gällande standard metoden samt studera tillförlitlighet av de radiologiskamätningar av postoperativa BLS, FO, cup inklination och anteversion efter THA. 4. Att radiologiskt undersöka i vilken av komponenterna (stam eller cup) somförändringen i FO och BLS verkar vara förlagd. Studie I: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 174 patienter som behandlats med THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. Patienterna delades in i tre grupper; de som fått en BLSförlängning över 10mm, återställning (mellan 9mm förlängning och 5mm förkortning) eller förkortning &gt;5mm av det opererande benet efter THA. Uppföljning gjordes 12-15månader postoperativt. Vi fann att BLS upp till 20mm påverkade inte höftfunktion (WOMAC) och livskvalité (EQ-5D), men den förlängda gruppen visade en mindreförbättring i WOMAC och rapporterade en mer frekvent användning av skoinlägg. Studie II: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 222 patienter som behandlats med THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. Patienterna delades in i tre grupper; de patienter medförminskad FO (&gt; 5mm minskning), återställd FO (inom 5mm) eller ökad FO (&gt;5mm ökning). Uppföljning genomfördes efter 1 år med WOMAC, styrkemätning av höftensabduktorer och en frågeformulär. En minskad FO var associerade med en minskad styrka i höftens abduktorer. Det var ingen skillnad mellan grupperna gällandekvarstående höftsmärta och användning av analgetika. Studie III: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 90 patienter som behandlats med THA på grund av primär unilateral koxartros. På de postoperativa röntgenbilderna uppmättesglobala FO (Sundsvalls metodologi), globala FO (standard metod), BLS, cup inklination och anteversion. Reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet bedömdes mellan treoberoende observatörer. Vi fann att global FO (enligt Sundsvalls metodologi) är lika tillförlitlig som den nuvarande standardmetoden och de utvärderade radiologiskamätmetoderna har hög validitet och reliabilitet och kan således användas i klinisk praxis. Studie IV: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 174 patienter som behandlats med en THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. På de postoperativa röntgenbilderna uppmättes BLSoch globala FO. Patienter med förlängning ≥ 10mm (n=41) och patienter med minskning av globala FO &gt;5mm (n=58) studerades for att mäta förlängning ochglobala FO minskning som sitter i stammen eller i cup jämfört med kontralaterala sidan. Reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet bedömdes av två oberoende observatörer. Vifann att en BLS över 10mm sitter framför allt i stamkomponenten i lårbenet medan en minskning i FO över 5 mm sitter i båda stam och cup. De radiologiska mätmetodernahar hög reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet och kan således användas i klinisk praxis. De viktigaste slutsatserna i denna avhandling är: 1. BLS med en förlängning upp till 20 mm och en minskning av globala FO mer än 5 mm påverkar inte patientrapporterad höftfunktion eller livskvalitet 1 år postoperativt. 2. BLS med en förlängning mer än 9 mm var associerad med mer användning av skoinlägg. En minskad FO med mer än 5 mm jämfört med den icke opererade höftenvar associerad med en sämre muskelstyrka i abduktion och ökat användning av gånghjälpmedel. 3. De radiologiska mätmetoderna av BLS, FO, acetabulära komponentens inklination och anteversion har hög validitet och reliabilitet, vilket kan användas i klinisk praxis. 4. En förlängning av det opererade benet orsakas främst av en positioneringen av stamkomponenten i lårbenet medan förlust av FO beror på otillfredsställande placeringav både stam och den acetabulära komponenten. Kirurger bör vara medveten om dessa operativa fallgropar för att optimera det kirurgiska resultatet.

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