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The liquid phase autoxidation of 1,3-pentadiene to 2,4-pentadienoic acid utilizing gaseous oxygen at atmospheric pressure was investigated as a possible route for direct utilization of piperylene obtained during the cracking of naptha to ethylene. Catalyst system consisting of cobalt, manganese, and iron salts promoted by sodium, potassium and hydrogen bromides, were used under a variety of condition of catalyst concentration, temperature, oxygen flow and piperylene purity. Under all conditions studied, a large number of oxidation products were formed. Maximum yields of 2,4-pentadienoic acid were obtained using a cobalt acetate bromide catalyst at 85°C.

In view of the increasing importance of thiophene derivatives as chemotherapeutic agents, it was considered of interest to apply the Reformatsky reaction to the synthesis of compounds containing the thiophene nucleus with the thought that these might serve as intermediates for further syntheses.

Recycling composite glass with different colours in order to be manufactured into new glass products is at present not economically viable. Therefore, the search for new issues other than stockpile areas or dumping sites could be a serious opportunity. To a certain extent, one of the possible solutions is to use the recycled glass in manufacturing cements and in the preparation of concrete mixtures. However, it is essential to manage the two main behaviours that the glass can have when used in cement-based materials: (1) the use of glass as coarse aggregates reveals harmful behaviour related to alkali-silica reaction; (2) on the other hand, it can result in useful behaviour related to pozzolanic reaction if used as fine particles. Furthermore, the significant alkali content should not be overlooked as their mass corresponds to about 13% of the total mass of the glass and as they may activate the alkali-silica reaction. An experimental programme was conducted to provide answers to the various questions raised about the use of glass in cement-based materials. The first part of this work was primarily devoted to the evaluation of the reactive potential of glass in mortars (alkali and pozzolanic reactions). At this stage, nine classes of glass particles ranging from 3[mu]m to 2.5 mm were considered. Then, fine glass particles were used in order to counteract the negative effect of some classes of coarse aggregates having revealed alkali-reactive behaviour. The second part of this work was performed to study the mechanisms that could explain the behaviours of fine and coarse particles in aqueous and concentrated environments. Different answers have been proposed to explain the observed behaviour in terms of grain sizes of glass.

Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti paros laiko įtaką trumpųjų nuotolių bėgikų reakcijos trukmei. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti ir palyginti 2009 m. Universiados vyrų 100 m. bėgimo rezultatų ir reakcijos trukmių kaitą nuo parengiamojo iki finalinio bėgimų. 2. Ištirti ir palyginti 2011 m. Universiados vyrų 100 m. bėgimo rezultatų ir reakcijos trukmių kaitą nuo parengiamojo iki finalinio bėgimų. 3. Ištirti ir palyginti 2009 m. ir 2011 m. Universiadų vyrų 100 m. bėgimo rezultatų ir reakcijos trukmių kaitą nuo parengiamojo iki finalinio bėgimų. 4. Ištirti ir palyginti kaip kinta trumpųjų nuotolių bėgikų bei nesportuojančių asmenų reakcijos trukmės, atliekant ranka skirtingu paros laiku (ryte, diena, vakare). 5. Ištirti ir palyginti kaip kinta trumpųjų nuotolių bėgikų bei nesportuojančių asmenų reakcijos trukmės, atliekant koja skirtingu paros laiku (ryte, diena, vakare). Tyrimo organizavimas: Reakcijos trukmė nustatoma naudojant reakciometrą RA-1. Reakcijos trukmės nustatymui tiriamasis atliko po 10 judesių dešine ranka, po to dešine koja. Trumpųjų nuotolių bėgikai buvo testuojami poilsio dieną, ryte (8:00 – 9:00) per pietus (14:00 – 15:00) ir vakare (21:00 – 22:00). Rezultatai: Išanalizavus 2009 m. pasaulio universiados vyrų 100 m bėgimo rezultatus, pastebėjome, kad prasčiausi rezultatai demonstruojami parengiamuosiuose bėgimuose. Taip pat nustatėme, kad statistiškai reikšmingai rezultatai skyrėsi tik iki pusfinalio (p < 0,05), o finale sportininkų vidutinis bėgimo rezultatas nesiskyrė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study: to establish the effects of time of day on reaction times in short distance runners. The goals of the study: 1. To examine and compare men’s 100 meters running performance and reaction times from race preparation to final race in Universiade 2009. 2. To examine and compare men’s 100 meters running performance and reaction times from race preparation to final race in Universiade 2011. 3. To examine and compare men’s 100 meters running performance and reaction times from race preparation to final race in Universiade 2009 and 2011. 4. To examine reaction times in short distance runners and compare the results with reaction times in non-athletes, in the hand test during the different times of the day (morning, afternoon, evening). 5. To examine reaction times in short distance runners and compare the results with reaction times in non-athletes, in the foot test during the different times of the day (morning, afternoon, evening). The organization of research: Reaction time measurement device RA-1 was used to measure reaction time. The subjects had to do 10 hand movements, then 10 foot movements. The sprinters were tested on their day-off, in the morning (8:00-9:00), in the afternoon (14:00-15:00) and in the evening (21:00-22:00). Results: After the analysis of men‘s race results in the Universiade, 2009 it was obvious that the worst results were in race preparation stage. We also found out that the differences according to statistics were significant only... [to full text]