Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-18T11:57:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 1114741 bytes, checksum: d50be0f18b6b46636a9e4cf8ef159a66 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-18T12:22:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 1114741 bytes, checksum: d50be0f18b6b46636a9e4cf8ef159a66 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-18T12:22:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 1114741 bytes, checksum: d50be0f18b6b46636a9e4cf8ef159a66 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-18T12:23:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 1114741 bytes, checksum: d50be0f18b6b46636a9e4cf8ef159a66 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-18T12:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_danielle_cunha_neves.pdf: 1114741 bytes, checksum: d50be0f18b6b46636a9e4cf8ef159a66 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O efeito do consumo cr?nico do cigarro no perfil inflamat?rio, estresse oxidativo e desempenho f?sico t?m sido investigado em fumantes assintom?ticos, contudo, estes estudos na sua maioria ainda s?o poucos e divergentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito cr?nico do tabagismo no perfil inflamat?rio, estresse oxidativo, fun??o muscular esquel?tica perif?rica e aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria de homens adultos assintom?ticos. Os sujeitos do estudo foram divididos igualmente entre o grupo fumante (GF, n= 20) e grupo controle (GC, n= 20), composto por sujeitos n?o fumantes. A fun??o pulmonar de todos participantes foi avaliada pela espirometria. O perfil inflamat?rio foi avaliado pela mensura??o das concentra??es plasm?ticas das citocinas IL-6, TNF-?, IL-10 e pelos receptores sol?veis de TNF-? (sTNFR1 e sTNFR2). O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado pela mensura??o das concentra??es plasm?ticas das subst?ncias reativas ao ?cido tiobarbit?rico (TBARS), da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes super?xido dismutase (SOD) e catalase de eritr?citos e pela capacidade antioxidante total do plasma. A fun??o muscular esquel?tica perif?rica foi avaliada por meio das medidas de pico de torque dos m?sculos extensores e flexores de joelho e da resist?ncia e fadiga muscular dos m?sculos extensores de joelho; e a aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria foi avaliada atrav?s da mensura??o do consumo pico de oxig?nio (VO2pico), frequ?ncia card?aca m?xima (FCmax) e dist?ncia caminhada em um teste m?ximo de caminhada/corrida. Sujeitos do GF apresentaram aumentos significativos das concentra??es plasm?ticas de TBARS e do receptor sol?vel sTNFR1 e diminui??es significativas da atividade da enzima catalase em lisado eritrocit?rio, comparados ao GC. Al?m disso, sujeitos do GF exibiram menor resist?ncia muscular dos m?sculos extensores de joelho como determinado pelas medidas de trabalho, com inalterado ?ndice de fadiga dos m?sculos extensores de joelho e pico de torque dos m?sculos extensores e flexores de joelho. A aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria foi similar entre os sujeitos do GF e do GC. Este estudo demonstrou que homens fumantes cr?nicos e assintom?ticos exibiram altera??es no perfil inflamat?rio, no estresse oxidativo e na fun??o muscular esquel?tica perif?rica, quando comparados a n?o fumantes. / The effect of chronic cigarette smoking on inflammatory profile, oxidative stress and physical performance has been investigated in asymptomatic smokers, however, these studies are few and divergent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, peripheral skeletal muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness in asymptomatic adult men. The subjects of the study were divided equally between the smoking group (SG, n = 20) and control group (CG, n = 20) composed of non-smoking subjects. The lung function of all participants was assessed by spirometry. The inflammatory response was assessed by measurement of plasma concentrations of IL- 6, TNF- ?, IL -10 and soluble receptors for TNF-? (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in erythrocytes and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma. The peripheral skeletal muscle function was assessed by measuring the peak torque of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee; and resistance and muscle fatigue of the knee extensor muscles; and cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by measurement of peak uptake oxygen (VO2peak), maximum heart rate (HRmax) and distance walked on a maximum test of the walk/run. SG subjects showed significant increases in plasma concentrations of TBARS and soluble receptors sTNFR1 and significant decreases in erythrocyte catalase enzyme activity, compared to the CG. In addition, SG subjects exhibited less muscle strength of knee extensors muscles as determined by measures of work and unchanged fatigue index of the knee extensors muscles and peak torque of knee extensors and flexors muscles. Cardiorespiratory fitness was similar between subjects SG and CG. This study demonstrated that male chronic smokers, healthy adult, exhibited changes in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and peripheral skeletal muscle function, when compared to non-smokers. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T14:07:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 adriano_prado_simao.pdf: 14603272 bytes, checksum: 6a0e234b9d484325125c4f251d688d0b (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T14:08:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 adriano_prado_simao.pdf: 14603272 bytes, checksum: 6a0e234b9d484325125c4f251d688d0b (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T14:08:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 adriano_prado_simao.pdf: 14603272 bytes, checksum: 6a0e234b9d484325125c4f251d688d0b (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T14:09:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 adriano_prado_simao.pdf: 14603272 bytes, checksum: 6a0e234b9d484325125c4f251d688d0b (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 adriano_prado_simao.pdf: 14603272 bytes, checksum: 6a0e234b9d484325125c4f251d688d0b (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Introdu??o: Recentemente, a vibra??o de todo o corpo (VTC) tem sido um m?todo de exerc?cio f?sico indicado para aumentar o desempenho e a capacidade f?sico-funcional de idosos com osteoartrite (OA) de joelho. No entanto, os mecanismos relacionados aos efeitos produzidos por essa modalidade ainda n?o foram completamente investigados. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da adi??o de VTC aos exerc?cios de agachamento na concentra??o plasm?tica de marcadores inflamat?rios e no desempenho e capacidade funcionais de idosos com OA de joelho na fase remissiva da doen?a (Estudo 1) e investigar os efeitos da adi??o do treinamento de VTC ao exerc?cio de agachamento em mulheres idosas com OA de joelho na fase remissiva da doen?a nos seguintes par?metros: 1) for?a isom?trica do m?sculo quadr?ceps; 2) concentra??o plasm?tica de BDNF; e 3) na concentra??o salivar da raz?o testosterona/cortisol (Estudo 2). Investigar a rela??o entre os n?veis plasm?ticos e no l?quido sinovial do TNF-? e seus receptores sol?veis (sTNFR1 e sTNFR2) assim como de BDNF em idosos com OA de joelho e ainda verificar a rela??o destes com a gravidade da OA e o autorrelato de dor, rigidez e fun??o f?sica com o WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index) em idosos com OA de joelho na fase inflamat?ria aguda (Estudo 3). Metodologia: No estudo 1, trinta e dois idosos com OA de joelho foram divididos em tr?s grupos: grupo que realizou exerc?cio de agachamento associado a plataforma vibrat?ria (grupo plataforma N=11), grupo que realizou exerc?cio de agachamento sem vibra??o (grupo agachamento N=10) e o grupo controle (N=11). Um programa estruturado de exerc?cios de agachamento foi executado tr?s vezes por semana em dias alternados por doze semanas nos grupos plataforma e agachamento. A concentra??o plasm?tica de receptores sol?veis de TNF-? (sTNFR1 e sTNFR2) foi analisada usando a t?cnica de ELISA. O WOMAC foi usado para avaliar o autorrelato da fun??o f?sica, dor e rigidez. O teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, a escala de Berg e o teste de velocidade da marcha foram utilizados para avaliar a fun??o f?sica. No estudo 2, foram selecionadas quinze mulheres idosas com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos que tinham sido diagnosticadas com OA em pelo menos um joelho. A interven??o consistiu de doze semanas seguidas de exerc?cios de agachamento, 3 vezes por semana. O protocolo de exerc?cio foi similar em ambos os grupos diferindo apenas da presen?a de vibra??o. J? no estudo 3 participaram vinte e sete idosos diagnosticados com osteoartrite de joelho e dezenove idosos saud?veis. Radiografias ?ntero-posteriores do joelho foram realizadas para determinar a gravidade da doen?a no joelho afetado. A classifica??o radiogr?fica da OA do joelho foi realizada utilizando os crit?rios Kellgren-Lawrence. Os n?veis de TNF-?, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 e BDNF no plasma e no l?quido sinovial foram determinados por ELISA. Resultados: No estudo 1, o grupo que realizou exerc?cios de agachamento na plataforma vibrat?ria mostrou diminui??o nas concentra??es plasm?ticas dos marcadores inflamat?rios sTNFR1 e sTNFR2 (p<0,001 e p<0,05, respectivamente), no autorrelato da dor (p<0,05), melhora no equil?brio (p<0,05) e na velocidade e dist?ncia caminhada (p<0,05 e p<0,001, respectivamente) comparado com o grupo controle. O teste de velocidade da marcha tamb?m apresentou aumento no grupo plataforma quando comparado ao grupo agachamento (p<0,01). Os resultados do estudo 2 demonstraram uma varia??o (?) positiva dos valores da for?a isom?trica muscular do quadr?ceps (p=0,02) e da concentra??o plasm?tica de BDNF (p=0,03) no grupo vibra??o ap?s o per?odo de interven??o. A varia??o (?) na raz?o testosterona/cortisol (T/C) n?o diferiu significativamente, entre os grupos (p=0,61). No estudo 3, os n?veis de BDNF no l?quido sinovial correlacionou-se significativamente com dor autorrelatada [WOMAC] (rs = 0,39, p=0,04). Com rela??o aos receptores sol?veis para TNF-?, observou-se uma diferen?a entre os n?veis de sTNFR1 e de sTNFR2, tanto no plasma quanto no l?quido sinovial em pacientes com OA do joelho (1091 ? 99,48 pg / mL versus 2249 ? 126,3 pg / mL e 2587 ? 66,12 pg / mL versus 2021 ? 107,0 pg / mL, respectivamente). Al?m disso, os n?veis de sTNFR1 no l?quido sinovial foram, negativamente, correlacionadas com a dor e a fun??o f?sica autorrelatada (rs -0,6785, p<0,0001 e rs -0,4194; p=0,03, respectivamente). Ao passo que, os n?veis de sTNFR2 no l?quido sinovial foram negativamente correlacionadas com dor e rigidez articular (rs -0,5433, p=0,01 e rs -0,4249; p=0,02, respectivamente). Conclus?es: Os resultados dos estudos supracitados indicam que a adi??o da vibra??o de todo o corpo ao treinamento com exerc?cio de agachamento, nas condi??es experimentais propostas, melhora o equil?brio est?tico e din?mico e o desempenho da marcha e ao mesmo tempo reduz a autopercep??o de dor e a concentra??o de marcadores inflamat?rios (sTNFR1 e sTNFR2) em idosos com OA de joelho na fase de remiss?o da doen?a. Al?m disso, a associa??o da vibra??o de todo o corpo ao exerc?cio de agachamento promove uma melhora na for?a muscular de membros inferiores em mulheres idosas com OA de joelho na fase de remiss?o da doen?a e proporciona uma resposta adaptativa na concentra??o de BDNF sem altera??o na rela??o muscular de anabolismo/catabolismo. J? os resultados da rela??o entre sist?mico e local, indicam que os n?veis de BDNF sist?micos est?o associados com o mecanismo da dor articular na OA de joelho. Com rela??o aos receptores sol?veis de TNF-?, evidenciou-se a presen?a de receptores sol?veis para TNF-? no l?quido sinovial de pacientes com OA prim?ria de joelho e a rela??o destes receptores com par?metros cl?nicos. / Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Introduction: Recently, whole body vibration (WBV) has been an alternative method of exercise that has been indicated to improve the physical performance of the elderly with osteoarthritis (OA) knee. However, the mechanisms related to the effects produced by this training mode have not been fully elucidated in the literature. Objectives: 1) To investigate the effects of the adittion of whole-body vibration to squat exercises on the plasma concentration of inflammatory markers and the functional performance of elderly individuals with knee OA remission phase (Study 1) and investigate the effects of WBV in addition to squat exercise training in elderly women with knee OA remission phase on the following parameters: 1) isometric strength of the quadriceps muscle; 2) BDNF plasma concentration; and 3) the testosterone/cortisol salivary concentration ratio (Study 2). 3). To analyze the concentrations of TNF-?, soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) and BDNF in both plasma and synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory acute phase primary knee osteoarthritis during inflammatory acute phase, and to determine the possible correlations of plasma and synovial fluid TNF-?, soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) and BDNF with the radiographic grading of knee OA and with self-reported pain, stiffness and physical function (Study 3). Methods: In study 1 thirty-two elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis were divided into three groups [i.e., squat exercises on a vibratory platform (platform group N= 11), squat exercises without vibration (squat group N= 10) and the control group (N=11)]. The structured program of squat exercises in the platform and squat groups was conducted three times per week, on alternate days, for twelve weeks. The plasma concentration of TNF-? soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) were analyzed using ELISA. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire were used to evaluate self-reported physical function, pain and stiffness. The 6-minute walk test, the Berg balance scale, and gait speed were used to evaluate physical function. In study 2 the eligible patients were fifteen (15) elderly women ? 60 years of age who had been diagnosed with OA in at least one knee. The intervention consisted of uninterrupted squatting exercises for twelve weeks, 3x/week. The exercise protocol was similar in both groups differing only in the presence of vibration. In study 3 samples of plasma taken from the peripheral blood and of synovial fluid taken from the knee of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were collected (n=27). Anteroposterior knee radiographs were taken to determine disease severity in the affected knee. Radiographic grading of OA in the knee was performed using the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria. Furthermore, plasma was collected from the peripheral blood of 19 healthy individuals, with no radiographic change in the hips and knees. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire was used to evaluate self-reported physical function, pain and stiffness. ELISA measured the TNF-?, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and BDNF levels in the plasma and synovial fluid. Results: In the study 1 the group that performed squat exercises on a vibratory platform, there were significant differences in plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively), self-reported pain (p<0.05), balance (p<0.05) and speed and distance walked (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) compared with the control group. The gait speed test also showed significant differences between the squat and platform groups (p<0.01). In the results of the study 2, the VG group demonstrated a significantly greater change (?) in IQMS values (p = 0.02) and in BDNF plasma concentrations (p = 0.03) after the intervention period compared with the EG group. The change (?) in T/C ratio showed no difference between the groups (p = 0.61). In the results of the study 3, the plasma BDNF levels significantly correlated with self-reported pain [WOMAC] (rs=0.39, p=0.04). According to soluble receptors to TNF-?, there was a difference between sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels in plasma as well as in synovial fluid in patients with knee (1091 ? 99,48 pg / mL versus 2249 ? 126,3 pg / mL e 2587 ? 66,12 pg / mL versus 2021 ? 107,0 pg / mL, respectively). Synovial fluid sTNFR1 levels were negatively correlated with pain and physical function self-reported (rs-0.6785, p<0.0001 and rs-0.4194, p=0.03, respectively). Synovial fluid sTNFR2 levels were negatively correlated with pain and joint stiffness (rs-0.5433, p=0.01 and rs-0.4249, p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: The results of the above studies indicate that the addition of vibration training the whole body to squat exercise in the experimental conditions resulted in improvement in static and dynamic balance and gait performance and reduced the self-perception of pain and the concentration of inflammatory markers (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in elderly patients with knee OA. We also demonstrate that the combination of vibration training the whole body to squat exercise can promote an improvement in lower limb muscle strength in elderly women with knee OA and still provide an adaptive response to the concentration of BDNF compared with no change in muscle anabolism/catabolism. The results of the relationship between systemic and local concentration indicate that the systemic BDNF levels are associated with the mechanism of joint pain in knee OA. With respect to TNF-? soluble receptors, the findings demonstrated the presence of soluble receptors for TNF-alpha, particularly sTNFR1, in the synovial fluid of patients with primary knee OA and the relationship between these receptors and clinical parameters.