In this study the author attempts to evaluate structural evolutionary networks after turbulence using reconstructive logic. Analysing contingent stages of evolution provide for an in-depth study of the various forces impacting on a non-linear social system's recovery after turbulence. Similarly, such a mode of analysis allows for studying the inter-relationships among a system's endogenous and exogenous forces. Although each crisis is unique, yet an analysis of previous events would pave the way to generate learning curves geared towards the prevention, or at least mitigation, of the impact of future similar events. A detailed conceptual analysis of decision-making contexts and behavioural styles under varying levels of turbulent environmental states are evaluated to illustrate the direct and indirect inter-relationships among the actors/participants and their contributions to the creation and prolongation of a state of turbulence and instability. Since environmental states relate to the perceptions of the actors involved and their interactions over time, the connection between the two main environmental levels, namely, the system's internal micro-environmental factors - including inherent socio-political contradictions - and its external uncontrollable macro-environmental influences - incorporating regional and international forces - are evaluated. This study primarily deals with contingency planning for system's evolution after crisis. It is essentially a case study of turbulence at the national level of analysis, mainly dealing with the development of normative and predictive transferable policy implications geared towards a system's embarkation on a recovery and reconstruction mode. With this purpose in mind, this research study aims at developing a Reconstruction - Governance Contingency Path Analysis (RGPA) in terms of identifying and evaluating contingent stages of evolution based on an analysis of developmental leadership pathways. This is accomplished through an in-depth analysis of the components and conditions for a system's evolution as well as evaluating the inter-relationship between the system itself and its environment, both at the micro- and macro-levels. To illustrate its application to a specific country, the RGPA is applied to the case study of Lebanon / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Cette thèse est consacrée à la conception, au développement et à l'analyse de méthodes de déformation de maillage pour la modélisation, le traitement et la comparaison de forme -telles que l'appariement et la reconstruction de surface- ainsi qu’à la conception d'une méthode numérique robuste pour la reconstruction faciale. La reconstruction faciale tridimensionnelle consiste à estimer un visage numérique à partir de la seule donnée de son crâne sec. Il s'agit d'un défi en médecine légale et en anthropologie. La contribution majeure de cette thèse est la conception d'une nouvelle méthode pour l'appariement de forme, en s'appuyant sur des techniques d'optimisation de forme. Sous la seule hypothèse que les deux formes ont la même topologie, la transformation cherchée s'obtient comme une suite de déplacements élastiques, solutions d'un problème de minimisation d’énergie basée sur une fonction distance signée.Nous proposons également une méthode de drapage permettant la génération d'un modèle de surface fermée à partir d'un maillage source. La méthode repose sur une technique d’évolution de maillage utilisant les équations de l'élasticité linéaire. Un maillage modèle est itérativement déformé pour générer une séquence de formes qui s’approche de plus en plus de la triangulation source. Dans la deuxième partie de ce manuscrit, nous nous intéressons au développement d’une méthode automatique de reconstruction faciale numérique. En s’appuyant sur des techniques de déformation continue telles que le ‘morphing' et le ’warping’, l'approche proposée est intégrée par des connaissances anthropologiques et mécaniques. / This thesis is devoted to the conception, the development and the analysis of mesh deformation strategies for shape modeling, processing and comparison -as shape matching and surface reconstruction- and, in a rather independent concern, for devising a robust computational method for facial reconstruction. Facial reconstruction is about the estimation of a facial shape from the sole datum of the underlying skull and is a challenging problem in anthropology and forensic science. The main contribution of the thesis is the design of a novel method for shape matching, borrowing techniques from the shape optimization context. Under the sole assumption that the two shapes share the same topology, the desired mapping is achieved as a sequence of elastic displacements by minimizing an energy functional based on a signed distance function. Several numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of the method.Also, a novel method for generating a closed surface mesh model of an initially non-closed source mesh model is developed. The method relies on an original PDE-based mesh evolution technique. A template shape is iteratively deformed, producing a sequence of shapes that get 'closer and closer' to the source triangulation.The second part of the manuscript deals with the development of a landmark-free, fully automated method for digital facial reconstruction. Based on techniques of continuous deformation as 'morphing' and 'warping', the proposed approach is integrated with anthropological assumptions and mechanical models.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A obtenção de imagens usando tomografia computadorizada revolucionou o diagnóstico de doenças na medicina e é usada amplamente em diferentes áreas da pesquisa científica. Como parte do processo de obtenção das imagens tomográficas tridimensionais um conjunto de radiografias são processadas por um algoritmo computacional, o mais usado atualmente é o algoritmo de Feldkamp, David e Kress (FDK). Os usos do processamento paralelo para acelerar os cálculos em algoritmos computacionais usando as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis no mercado têm mostrado sua utilidade para diminuir os tempos de processamento. No presente trabalho é apresentada a paralelização do algoritmo de reconstrução de imagens tridimensionais FDK usando unidades gráficas de processamento (GPU) e a linguagem CUDA-C. São apresentadas as GPUs como uma opção viável para executar computação paralela e abordados os conceitos introdutórios associados à tomografia computadorizada, GPUs, CUDA-C e processamento paralelo. A versão paralela do algoritmo FDK executada na GPU é comparada com uma versão serial do mesmo, mostrando maior velocidade de processamento. Os testes de desempenho foram feitos em duas GPUs de diferentes capacidades: a placa NVIDIA GeForce 9400GT (16 núcleos) e a placa NVIDIA Quadro 2000 (192 núcleos). / The imaging using computed tomography has revolutionized the diagnosis of diseases in medicine and is widely used in different areas of scientific research. As part of the process to obtained three-dimensional tomographic images a set of x-rays are processed by a computer algorithm, the most widely used algorithm is Feldkamp, David and Kress (FDK). The use of parallel processing to speed up calculations on computer algorithms with the different available technologies, showing their usefulness to decrease processing times. In the present paper presents the parallelization of the algorithm for three-dimensional image reconstruction FDK using graphics processing units (GPU) and CUDA-C. GPUs are shown as a viable option to perform parallel computing and addressed the introductory concepts associated with computed tomographic, GPUs, CUDA-C and parallel processing. The parallel version of the FDK algorithm is executed on the GPU and compared to a serial version of the same, showing higher processing speed. Performance tests were made in two GPUs with different capacities, the NVIDIA GeForce 9400GT (16 cores) and NVIDIA GeForce 2000 (192 cores).

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A obtenção de imagens usando tomografia computadorizada revolucionou o diagnóstico de doenças na medicina e é usada amplamente em diferentes áreas da pesquisa científica. Como parte do processo de obtenção das imagens tomográficas tridimensionais um conjunto de radiografias são processadas por um algoritmo computacional, o mais usado atualmente é o algoritmo de Feldkamp, David e Kress (FDK). Os usos do processamento paralelo para acelerar os cálculos em algoritmos computacionais usando as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis no mercado têm mostrado sua utilidade para diminuir os tempos de processamento. No presente trabalho é apresentada a paralelização do algoritmo de reconstrução de imagens tridimensionais FDK usando unidades gráficas de processamento (GPU) e a linguagem CUDA-C. São apresentadas as GPUs como uma opção viável para executar computação paralela e abordados os conceitos introdutórios associados à tomografia computadorizada, GPUs, CUDA-C e processamento paralelo. A versão paralela do algoritmo FDK executada na GPU é comparada com uma versão serial do mesmo, mostrando maior velocidade de processamento. Os testes de desempenho foram feitos em duas GPUs de diferentes capacidades: a placa NVIDIA GeForce 9400GT (16 núcleos) e a placa NVIDIA Quadro 2000 (192 núcleos). / The imaging using computed tomography has revolutionized the diagnosis of diseases in medicine and is widely used in different areas of scientific research. As part of the process to obtained three-dimensional tomographic images a set of x-rays are processed by a computer algorithm, the most widely used algorithm is Feldkamp, David and Kress (FDK). The use of parallel processing to speed up calculations on computer algorithms with the different available technologies, showing their usefulness to decrease processing times. In the present paper presents the parallelization of the algorithm for three-dimensional image reconstruction FDK using graphics processing units (GPU) and CUDA-C. GPUs are shown as a viable option to perform parallel computing and addressed the introductory concepts associated with computed tomographic, GPUs, CUDA-C and parallel processing. The parallel version of the FDK algorithm is executed on the GPU and compared to a serial version of the same, showing higher processing speed. Performance tests were made in two GPUs with different capacities, the NVIDIA GeForce 9400GT (16 cores) and NVIDIA GeForce 2000 (192 cores).

The master´s thesis deals with analysis of the investment project insert investment in administrativ building for owner. Based on the decision whether it is appropriate to sell or lease the property, either in an existing state, or reconstructed. I describe the methodologies calculations methodologies and necessary concepts for their understanding of the concepts in the theoretical part. The practical part I can divide into administrative, market valuation methodology, the resulting values and use of the outputs in the analysis of real estate.