Thesis. 1976. B.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Engineering. / Bibliography: leaf 22. / by Andrew C. Frechtling. / B.S.

This work explores the process of model-based classification of speech audio signals using low-level feature vectors. The process of extracting low-level features from audio signals is described along with a discussion of established techniques for training and testing mixture model-based classifiers and using these models in conjunction with feature selection algorithms to select optimal feature subsets. The results of a number of classification experiments using a publicly available speech database, the Berlin Database of Emotional Speech, are presented. This includes experiments in optimizing feature extraction parameters and comparing different feature selection results from over 700 candidate feature vectors for the tasks of classifying speaker gender, identity, and emotion. In the experiments, final classification accuracies of 99.5%, 98.0% and 79% were achieved for the gender, identity and emotion tasks respectively. / by Chris Thoman. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

A fotogrametria é um instrumento de avaliação simples, de baixo custo e objetivo que fornece resultados fáceis de interpretar, precisos e reprodutíveis, sendo muito usada atualmente. Apesar disso, a os protocolos de avaliação por fotogrametria não apresentam uma padronização a ser seguida, tornando difícil a obtenção de um padrão de avaliação com relação a alguns aspectos, como por exemplo, a posição dos pés, carecendo também de informações acerca do comportamento das variáveis associadas a esse tipo de avaliação durante um determinado intervalo de tempo. Essa dissertação foi dividida em dois estudos: Estudo 1: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de investigar os posicionamentos de pés usados para a realização da avaliação postural semi-estática por meio de fotogrametria. Esse estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos randomizados e seguiu as recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane. Com as palavras chave “photogrammetry” e “spinal postural evaluation”, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Science, Scopus, Embase e Bireme. Foram incluídos 40 estudos após crivo dos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo os principais posicionamentos de pés encontrados: autorreferido, paralelos separados, paralelos unidos e posicionamento autorreferido padronizado. Apenas três estudos foram avaliados de baixa qualidade metodológica. Como em nenhum dos estudos incluídos houve comparação de resultados de avaliações realizadas em diferentes posicionamentos de pés, faz-se necessário que estudos que abarquem esse tipo de análise sejam desenvolvidos, também se julgando importante que sejam respeitadas as determinações específicas de cada protocolo de análise. Estudo 2: esse estudo objetivou determinar (1) a reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador das diferentes posições de pés, (2) a classificação das variáveis posturais em estacionária/não estacionária e ergódica/não ergódica, (3) se existe uma posição dos pés com menor variabilidade postural, e (4) se existe uma posição de pés mais confortável para a realização da avaliação postural semi-estática utilizando a fotogrametria. A amostra foi composta por 24 indivíduos adultos de ambos os sexos, sendo eles submetidos à avaliação postural em dois momentos por meio de fotogrametria aonde foram filmados durante 35 segundos em quatro posições de pés: autorreferido (AR), paralelos separados (PS), paralelos unidos (PU) e autorreferido padronizado (ARP). Ao final de cada avaliação o indivíduo apontou em uma escala analógica a sensação subjetiva de desconforto. Após as avaliações, cada filmagem foi dividida em sete fotografias, sendo elas digitalizadas no software Digital Imagem-based Postural Assessment (DIPA). Na análise estatística foram utilizados os seguintes testes: Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), erro padrão da medida (SEM), mínimo erro detectável (MDC) e média absoluta das diferenças (MAD) para a reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador; ANOVA de medidas repetidas para testar a estacionariedade e ANOVA one-way para testar a ergodicidade das variáveis posturais; Coeficiente de Variação (CV) e ANOVA one-way para análise da variabilidade postural em diferentes posições de pés; e ANOVA oneway para verificar as diferenças entre a sensação subjetiva de desconforto nas posições de pés. A reprodutibilidade das variáveis independeu da posição de pés, sendo todas elas classificadas como excelente. Das doze variáveis analisadas, cinco foram classificadas como estacionárias e ergódicas em todas posições de pés, quatro tiveram classificações dependentes das posições de pés e três foram classificadas como não estacionárias. Quanto à variabilidade postural, os resultados apontam que foram pequenas e semelhantes em todas as posições de pés, não sendo possível apontar uma única posição que apresentasse a menor variabilidade. A posição AR foi a que teve menor sensação subjetiva de desconforto. Concluiu-se que a maioria das variáveis posturais apresentam características estacionárias, que as posições de pés não interferem nos resultados. / Photogrammetry is a low cost and simple objective instrument of evaluation, that provides accurate and reproducible results of easy understanding, being very used nowadays. Nevertheless, the protocols of photogrammetry evaluation do not have a standard to be followed, making it difficult to obtain a standard of evaluation regarding some aspects, for example, the feet positioning, that also lack information about the behavior of variables associated with this type of evaluation for a certain period of time. This dissertation was divided in two studies: Study 1: executed a systematic review with the objective of investigate the feet positioning used to hold the semi-static postural assessment through photogrammetry. This study is a systematic review of observational studies and randomized clinical trials that followed recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. With the keywords "photogrammetry" and "spinal postural evaluation", a survey was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Science, Scopus, Embase and Bireme. 40 studies were included after a scrutiny of eligibility criteria, the main feet positioning found were: self-referred, separated in parallel, united in parallel and standardized self-referred position. Only three studies were graded as low methodological quality. As there was no comparison of results of the included studies in different feet positioning, it is necessary that studies that utilize this type of analysis are developed and it is also deemed important that the specific determinations of each analysis protocol are respected. Study 2: The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the intra-rater reproducibility of different feet positioning, (2) the classification of postural variables in stationary / non-stationary and ergodic / nonergodic, (3) if there is a feet positioning with less postural variability, and (4) whether there is a more comfortable feet positioning for the semi-static posture evaluation using photogrammetry. The sample consisted of 24 adults of both genresas they were submitted totwo stages of postural assessment through photogrammetry, where they were filmed for 35 seconds on four feet positions: self-referred (AR), separated in parallel (PS), parallel and united (PU) and standardized self-referred (ARP). At the end of each assessment, the individual pointed the subjective feeling of discomfort in na analogical scale. After the evaluation, each film was divided into seven photographs, which were scanned in the software Digital Image-based Postural Assessment (DIPA). In the statistical analysis, the following tests were used: intra class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable error (MDC) and mean absolute differences (MAD) to the intra-rater reproducibility; Repeated measures ANOVA to test the stationarity and one-way ANOVA to test the ergodicity of postural variables; Coefficient of Variation (CV) and one-way ANOVA for analysis of postural variability in different feet positioning; and one-way ANOVA to determine differences between the subjective sensation of discomfort in the feet positioning. Irrespective of feet positioning, the reproducibility of variables it was classified as excellent. Of twelve variables, five were classified as stationary and ergodic in all feet positioning, four had dependent classifications of foot positioning and three were classified as non-stationary. The postural variability, the results were similar in all feet position, it is not possible to identify the position that has the lowest variability. The AR position was the one that had less subjective feeling of discomfort. It was concluded that most variables have stationary characteristics, that feet position does not interfere with results.

by Tsang Yick Man, Steven. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.ii / LIST OF GLOSSARY --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- What is the jitter ？ --- p.3 / Chapter 2 --- WHY DOES JITTER OCCUR IN DIGITAL AUDIO ？ --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Poorly-designed Phase Locked Loop ( PLL ) --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Digital data problem --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sampling jitter or clock jitter ( Δti) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Waveform distortion --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Logic induced jitter --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Digital noise mechanisms --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Different types of D-type flop-flip chips are linked below for ease of comparison --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Ground bounce --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Power supply high frequency noise --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6 --- Interface Jitter --- p.25 / Chapter 2.7 --- Cross-talk --- p.28 / Chapter 2.8 --- Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) --- p.28 / Chapter 2.9 --- Baseline wander --- p.29 / Chapter 2.10 --- Noise jitter --- p.30 / Chapter 2.11 --- FIFO jitter reduction chips --- p.31 / Chapter 3 --- JITTER REDUCTION TECHNIQUES --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Why using two-stage phase-locked loop (PLL ) ？ / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The PLL circuit components --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The PLL timing specifications --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Analog phase-locked loop (APLL ) circuit usedin second stage --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3 --- All digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL ) circuit used in second stage --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- ADPLL design --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- "Different of K counter value of ADPLL are listed for comparison with M=512, N=256, Kd=2" --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Computer simulated results and experimental results of the ADPLL --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- PLL design notes --- p.58 / Chapter 3.5 --- Different of the all digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL ) and the analogue Phase-Locked Loop (APLL ) are listed for comparison --- p.65 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discrete transistor oscillator --- p.68 / Chapter 3.7 --- Discrete transistor oscillator circuit operation --- p.69 / Chapter 3.8 --- The advantage and disadvantage of using external discrete oscillator --- p.71 / Chapter 3.9 --- Background of using high-precision oscillators --- p.72 / Chapter 3.9.1 --- The temperature compensated crystal circuit operation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.9.2 --- The temperature compensated circuit design notes --- p.75 / Chapter 3.10 --- The discrete voltage reference circuit operation --- p.76 / Chapter 3.10.1 --- Comparing the different types of Op-amps that can be used as a voltage comparator --- p.79 / Chapter 3.10.2 --- Precaution of separate CMOS chips Vdd and Vcc --- p.80 / Chapter 3.11 --- Board level jitter reduction method --- p.81 / Chapter 3.12 --- Digital audio interface chips --- p.82 / Chapter 3.12.1 --- Different brand of the digital interface receiver (DIR) chips and clock modular are listed for comparison --- p.84 / Chapter 4. --- APPLICATION CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF JITTER REDUCTION AND CLOCK RECOVERY --- p.85 / Chapter 5 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of the research --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2 --- Suggestions for further development --- p.92 / Chapter 5.3 --- Instrument listing that used in this thesis --- p.93 / Chapter 6 --- REFERENCES --- p.94 / Chapter 7 --- APPENDICES --- p.100 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Phase instability in frequency dividers / Chapter 7.1.2 --- The effect of clock tree on Tskew on ASIC chip / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Digital audio transmission----Why jitter is important? / Chapter 7.1.4 --- Overview of digital audio interface data structures / Chapter 7.1.5 --- Typical frequency Vs temperature variations curve of Quartz crystals / Chapter 7.2 --- IC specification used in these research project

Vad berättar ljud för oss? Olika ljud ger olika konnotationer beroende på vem som lyssnar, vad den har för förkunskaper och erfarenheter. Lyssnandet är i allra högsta grad subjektivt. Vad har en filmmusikkompositör för ansvar? Är det viktigt att vara tydlig i vilka val av ljud kompositören gjort och varför just de ljuden valts ut? Spelar det egentligen någon roll när det subjektiva lyssnandet träder in? Behöver de ljud vi hör vara det vi tror att de är? Det här är några av de frågor som intresserar mig och ligger till grund för det ämne som jag har valt: experimenterande med ljud i filmberättande. I mitt examensarbete har jag både konstnärligt och i denna text reflekterat kring ämnet. / <p>Till uppsatsen följer bilagor i form av ljudfiler och en dokumentär kortfilm, <em>Vi Andra</em>, regi: Sharmarke Binyusuf och Manolo Diaz Rämö, klipp: Jakob Åsell, ljud: Gustaf Forsberg, produktion: Beatrice Pourbagher Garcia.</p><p>Länk till filmen går att få vid meljkontakt.</p>

Firstly, the characteristics of HD videos are studied quantitatively. The results show that HD videos distinguish from other lower resolution videos by higher spatial correlation and special power spectral density (PSD), mainly distributed along the vertical and horizontal directions. / Secondly, two techniques for HD video coding are developed based on the aforementioned analysis results. To exploit the spatial property, 2D order-16 transforms are proposed to code the higher correlated signals more efficiently. Specially, two series of 2D order-16 integer transforms, named modified integer cosine transform (MICT) and non-orthogonal integer cosine transform (NICT), are studied and developed to provide different trade-offs between the performance and the complexity. Based on the property of special PSD, parametric interpolation filter (PIF) is proposed for motion-compensated prediction (MCP). Not only can PIF track the non-stationary statistics of video signals as the related work shows, but also it represents interpolation filters by parameters instead of individual coefficients, thus solving the conflict of the accuracy of coefficients and the size of side information. The experimental results show the proposed two coding techniques significantly outperform their equivalents in the state-of-the-art international video coding standards. / Thirdly, interlaced HD videos are studied, and to satisfy different delay constraints, two real-time de-interlacing algorithms are proposed specially for H.264 coded videos. They adapt to local activities, according to the syntax element (SE) values. Accuracy analysis is also introduced to deal with the disparity between the SE values and the real motions and textures. The de-interlacers provide better visual quality than the commonly used ones and can de-interlace 1080i sequences in real time on PCs. / Today, High-Definition (HD) videos become more and more popular with many applications. This thesis analyzes the characteristics of HD videos and develops the appropriate coding and processing techniques accordingly for hybrid video coding. / Dong, Jie. / Adviser: King Ngi Ngan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-158). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar criticamente as transformações pelas quais o sistema capi-talista vem passando nas relações de produção com a emergência das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. A apresentação leva em consideração o fato de que hoje o capital subordina a produção com uma intensidade nova e de um modo novíssimo ligado à emergên-cia do conhecimento-capital. Apoiado na tese da desmedida do valor de Prado (2005), este trabalho retoma as formas de subsunção do trabalho ao capital (formal, material e real) deriva-das d\'O Capital de Karl Marx, procurando delinear uma sequência lógica e histórica para a gênese de uma nova forma, qual seja, a subsunção intelectual do trabalho ao capital, que seria típica de um período de produção pós-grande industrial. Para explicitar mais esses processos de mudança, toma como objeto de estudo a indústria fonográfica. Esta, por depender em última instância do trabalho criativo (uma vez que é intensiva em conhecimento e inovações), vem sofrendo os efeitos da emergência das novas tecnologias de uma forma bastante negativa do ponto de vista do capital e de uma forma, talvez, muito positiva no que tange à produção e à distribuição de mercadorias de forma autônoma e independente do capital. Através de estu-dos de caso e evidências empíricas, procura demonstrar como as descontinuidades que estão presentes na indústria fonográfica, principalmente as que emergiram no século XXI, mudaram de uma vez por todas os modelos de negócios tradicionais desta indústria. Ao final demostra que, apesar de hoje em dia existir cada vez mais a possibilidade da criação de música de forma autônoma e independente, a produção de música ainda é realizada por trabalhadores que, no limite, estão subsumidos intelectualmente à relação de capital. / The aim of this work is to critically analyze the transformations that the capitalist system has experienced in the relations of production with the emergence of the new information and communication technologies. The presentation will take into account the fact that capital now subordinates production with a new intensity and in a brand new way that is linked to the emergence of knowledge-capital. Supported by Prado\'s (2005) thesis of the desmeasure of value, this work reapproaches the forms of subsumption of labor to capital (formal, material and real) derived from Karl Marx\'s Capital, trying to delineate a logical and historical sequence to the genesis of a new form, namely, the intellectual subsumption of labor to capital, which would be typical of a period of post-large-scale industry. Looking to further explain these processes of change, the recording industry is taken as object of study. As it depends mostly on the creative work (because it is knowledge- and innovation-intensive) it has been suffering the effects of the emergence of new technologies in a very negative perspective from capital\'s point of view, and in a way, perhaps, very positive regarding the production and distribution of goods in an autonomous and independent way. Through case studies and empirical evidence, it strives to show how the discontinuities that are present in the music industry, especially those that emerged in the twenty-first century, changed once and for all the recording industry\'s traditional business models. At the end it demonstrates that, although today there is an increasing possibility of creating music in an autonomous and independent way, music production is still undertaken by workers who, ultimately, are intellectually subsumed to the capital\'s relations.

The objective of this study is to compare two non-invasive thermometer technologies in pregnant women admitted for labor at the Family Birthing Center in Johnson City Medical Center. A total of 50 patients were recruited in the study. Temperature measurements using the oral 3M® Tempa.Dot and the Exergen 5000 Temporal Artery Thermometer (TAT) were obtained by trained personnel. These recordings were obtained once upon admission, at 2-hour intervals until delivery (to a maximal time of 20 hours), 1 hour before and after epidural placement, and 2 hours after vaginal delivery. The temperatures readings were then compared over all time points, and at each time point using SPSS and Student paired t-test. Trends of temperature changes in labor between both thermometers were also evaluated. We noted that over all time points, the skin temperature was 0.38°F higher than the oral temperature. This difference was statistically significant as well (98.19°F ±0.681 vs. 97.81°F ±0.750, p

Journal Summary: The International Country Music Journal is a publication of the International Country Music Conference and is is a collection of articles by scholars Tex Olson, Patrick Huber, Tony Russell, Linda Daniel, Nolan Porterfield, Fred Hopetner, Andrew Smith, Curtis Ellison, Anthony Kosar, Ed Morris, Jim Clark, Tex Morton and Don Cusic. Topics include the Bristol Sessions, Singing Cowboys and artists Dianne Leigh, Brad Paisley, Bill Walker, Townes Van Zandt, Jimmie Rodgers and Ralph Stanley.

This dissertation study examined a broad question of whether computer-based grammar tutorials are effective and welcome tools to review grammar for language learners by investigating effects of three different modes of such tutorials on learners' knowledge and satisfaction. For this study, I developed experimental tutorials in three different modes (a static text with a voice-over narration, an animated text with a voice-over narration, and a recording of a real teacher) for two target structures of German grammar (regular verb conjugation and separable-prefix verbs). In total, there were more than 100 Elementary German students at two Midwestern universities, who participated in different stages of the study. The participants represented a mostly homogeneous group with characteristics that are common for college-level learners. There were two parallel experiments in this study that employed identical methods but focused on two different target structures. Thus, both experiments examined the effect of the three study tutorials on learners' knowledge and satisfaction, but Experiment 1 focused on the regular verb conjugation, whereas Experiment 2 focused on the separable-prefix verbs. For each experiment, the participants completed a pretest, worked with the assigned tutorial mode, completed a posttest, and filled out a number of questionnaires. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the study tutorials helped learners to significantly improve their knowledge of grammar; however, the mode of the tutorial did not make a difference. Likewise, all modes of tutorial received similar satisfaction ratings; however, additional qualitative analysis suggested that a considerable number of the participants preferred the animated mode. The findings of the study demonstrate that computer-based grammar tutorials can be effective and welcome tools to review grammar for language learners. Moreover, tutorials of this type can be a viable method of achieving the desired balance between the form- and meaning-focused activities in language classrooms. Also, such tutorials appeal to learners because they support more individualized learning.