Den ökade funktionaliteten i bilindustrin under de senaste åren har orsakat ökad komplexitet i elektriska och elektroniska (E/E) system. Vanligtvis är funktionerna fördelade över olika elektroniska styrenheter (Electronic Control Units, ECU) och behovet av en stabil kommunikation mellan dem är stort. Kommunikationen i lastbilar mellan ECUs görs med "SAE J1939 standard" som kompletterar "Controller Area Network"(CAN)-protokollet. Vanligtvis utvecklas dessa enheter av flera tvärfunktionella grupper, som inte alltid följer liknande utvecklingsprocesser. Dessutom finns det kontextuella begränsningar som: inte alltid korrekt dokumenterade eller föråldrade resurser, bakåt kompatibilitet införandet av nya standarder (dvs. funktionella säkerhetsstandard ISO26262) och förändringar under de iterativa processer V-modellen, som alla resulterar i en slutprodukt långt från den ursprungliga modellen. Vi kommer i denna uppsats att introducera användandet av så kallad ”Architecture Recovery”-teknik (AR) för att extrahera och verifiera systemarkitektur från befintliga system . Det föreslås även vad man bör ha i åtanke vid utvecklingen av program i syfte att senare kunna tillämpa AR tekniker. En modulär verktygskedja har designats och består av en nätverksmodell på hög nivå, mönsterutvinning samt analysverktyg som är tillämpliga på andra möjliga system som studeras. En prototypimplementering har också utvecklats och testats under flera verkliga fallstudier. AR använder sig av information från redan implementerad källkod, och processen som använts stör inte den existerande funktionen i systemet. Vi har visat att sådana verktyg kan användas för att generera en pålitlig representation av systemets arkitektur och att det även ger säkrare fordon genom användandet av tekniker för arkitektur verifiering såsom: conformance (då man undersöker om den aktuella modellen möter kraven), correspondence (jämförelse mellan en tidigare definierad High-level Network Model och den Source Model som extraherats av verktyget) samt consistency (kontrollera samverkan mellan nätverksnoderna). / The increase in functionality in the automotive industry over the last years has caused an increased in complexity of the electrical and electronic (E/E) systems associated. Commonly, functionality is distributed over different Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and the need of a robust communication between them is paramount. In the heavy-duty truck industry communication between ECUs is done using the SAE J1939 standard, which complements the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Usually, these units are developed by multiple cross functional teams which not always follow similar developing processes. Additionally there are contextual constraints like: not properly documented or outdated resources, backward compatibility, introduction of new standards (i.e. functional safety standard ISO26262) and changes over the iterative processes of the V-model, which all result in a final product far from the original model.In this thesis we introduce the use of architecture recovery (AR) techniques, for extraction and verification of system architecture in existing systems. We have also proposed suggestions that can be considered when implementing software in order to apply AR techniques to. The tool chain designed is modular consisting of a high-level network model and extraction patterns and analysis tools which are applicable to other possible systems under study. A prototypical tool-chain was also developed and tested throughout several real case studies. AR utilizes information obtained from already implemented source code, using a non-disruptive complementary process to obtain precise and trustworthy knowledge about the system. We have verified that such a tool can be used to generate a suitable architectural representation of the system and even provide for safer vehicles by the use of architecture verification techniques such as: conformance (examining if the model under examination meets specifications), correspondence (comparison between a previously defined High-level Network Model and the Source Model extracted by the tool) and consistency (defined over the whole distributed system to check interoperability of network nodes).

No description available.

archives@tulane.edu / 1 / Olakunle Francis Ojo

Topic: This article describes a curricular transformation initiative, the Recovery Education in the Academy Program (REAP), spearheaded by the University of Illinois at Chicago's National Research and Training Center on Psychiatric Disability. Purpose: REAP is designed to integrate principles of recovery, self-determination, and other evidence-based practices for people with psychiatric disabilities into medical, social, and behavioral sciences curricula. The principles on which the curricula transformation efforts are based, the instructional activities employed, early outcomes of the endeavor, and future plans for replication are delineated. Sources used: As described in this paper, REAP builds on a theoretical framework derived from the evidence-based literature, multiple technical reports, and curricular initiatives, including the Institute of Medicine, the Annapolis Coalition for Behavioral Workforce Development, and the Final Report of President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. Conclusions: REAP has delivered state-of-the-science education to over 1,000 trainees, including medical students, psychiatry residents, psychology and social work interns, and rehabilitation counselors, pre/post-doctoral students and professionals within a variety of academic settings. REAP serves as a replicable structure to successfully integrate recovery education into existing, accredited academic programs and curricula using the parameters outlined by multiple experts and stakeholders. Barriers to curricular transformation and strategies to overcome these barriers are highlighted.

Many U.S. communities experience tornadoes each year, causing a significant number of deaths and injuries. Proper community preparation and response can help reduce human suffering and psychological trauma that occur following a tornado. However, according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology most U.S. communities in tornado-prone areas are unprepared for a violent tornado, and there are few national, state, or local tornado-related definitions, standard or code to guide preparations. Social constructionism was the underlying theory of this qualitative study. The purpose of this study was to improve tornado preparations by examining the experiences of community leaders following a rare category 5 tornado occurring in Joplin, Missouri in 2011. The key research question considered the experiences of Joplin community leaders following the tornado. Twelve community leaders, 4 females and 8 males participated in individual face-to-face interviews, and were asked about preparations, emergency responses, trauma services and rebuilding. Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method was used to analyze data. Findings include specific recommendations to improve community preparation, emergency response, trauma service and rebuilding. Community leaders experienced difficulty in coordinating appropriate resources to meet individual victim needs. They described ways in which the community was unprepared and changes that could be made in the future. This study may contribute to positive social change by providing communities with knowledge about tornado preparation and response to improve networks, reduce fatalities, injuries, trauma effects, and property damage in tornado prone areas.

Childcare is critical community infrastructure, yet it is typically not eligible for recovery assistance postdisaster. The effect of disaster on children has been extensively studied and research indicates that the return to normalcy (e.g., through restoration of childcare programs) helps aid recovery. Despite this, little research has been conducted on how childcare programs recover. The purpose of this research was to investigate how the recovery times for childcare programs affected by Superstorm Sandy varied based on childcare typology and the recovery funding resources used. A quasi-experimental research design was selected and data from 76 surveys was evaluated using one-way and factorial analysis of variance. The research questions were designed to evaluate the impact of recovery funding types used, childcare type, number of recovery funding resources used, and the interaction of childcare type and recovery funding types used on recovery time. Resource dependence theory was chosen as the theoretical framework because of its precept that only effective organizations survive through application of behaviors such as diversification of resources. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the number of recovery resources used and recovery time (p = .04). Social change starts with information. This study supported social change by providing a baseline for childcare recovery research and emphasizing the importance of childcare to both community recovery and the recovery of children in disaster recovery policy.

Anaerobic digestion has great potential as an energy source. Not only does it provide an effective method for waste mitigation, but it has the potential to generate significant quantities of fuel and electricity. In order to ensure efficient digestion and biomass utilization, however, the system must be continuously maintained at elevated temperatures. It is technically feasible to supplement such a system with outside energy, but it is more cost effective to heat the system using only the produced biogas. While there is considerable literature covering the theory of anaerobic digestion, there are very few practical studies to show how heat utilization affects system operation. This study considers the effect of major design variables (i.e. heat exchanger efficiencies and biogas conditioning) on promoting a completely self-sustaining digestion system. The thesis considers a real world system and analyzes how it can be improved to avoid the need of an external energy source.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Despite data suggesting that current substance use disorder treatments are largely effective in reducing substance use, most adolescents in SUD treatment experience relapse after finishing treatment. Understanding the factors proximal to relapse is crucial to understanding the course of substance use disorder and how best to improve recovery among adolescents. The current study represents part of a novel line of research using qualitative data analysis to examine these factors. Data for the present study were 200 de-identified node-maps, completed by high school students at Hope Academy, a recovery high school in Indianapolis, Indiana. The reported age in this sample ranged from 14-20 years (64.1% male, 89.1% White), with a mean age of 16.8 years (SD = 1.9 years). After a four-phase process of qualitative data sorting, primary people, places, and things most frequently described included using with others (n=153, 76.5%), away from home (n=156, 78.0%), and in response to negative affect (n=93, 48.4%). Eleven relapse pathways emerged: escaping (n=16), self-medicating (n=3), coping with tragedy (n=5), critical mass (n=6), unexpected activation (n=8), unexpected offer (n=22), planned use (n=19), resistant to recovery (n=5), not in recovery (n=22), passive agency (n=30), and acting out (n=15). Recovery is a system made up of many interrelated parts, including those related to the individual person in recovery, their thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and emotions; and those related to external factors, their environment, adverse life events, and the actions of other people. By considering the pathways together for their common features, they can each be said to represent one of three critical failures related to those three overarching facets of the system: failure to cope, failure to guard against temptation, and failure of belief. Identifying these overarching failures in the system is helpful because the failures contain in themselves the seeds of their solution, so by examining them as critical components to a relapse event, it may be possible to gain insight into how to prevent the same type of relapses from occurring in the future.

Burn injury impacts the lives of over 1.1 million people within the United States annually (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2011). Taking into account current advancements in burn trauma care, approximately 95 percent of those hospitalized will survive their injuries. With increased survival rates, greater attention is being focused on the psycho-social aspect of burn treatment and rehabilitation. There is an opportunity for health educators to affect the long-term wellness outcomes of adult burn survivors and to support their growth beyond survival status. This may not constitute recovery to their preinjury lives, but rather recovery to lives closer to optimal health/wellness as opposed to mere acceptance of their current situation. Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative design, this study explored the burn-related experiences and underlying factors of resilience among burn survivors living in the Midwestern United States. After conducting single, semi-structured interviews focused on eight burn survivors' dimensions of health, the themes that emerged through data analysis were "How it Feels," "Somehow I'm Still Me," and "Yet, I'm Better." The findings of this study support the presence of innate resilient protective factors within participants' journey toward recovery and health. Through the experiences of the participants within this study, there is an opportunity for health educators to increase their understanding of the experiences of burn trauma and the impact of resilience on positive recovery outcomes.

Jurisdictions along the Gulf Coast are threatened by hurricanes. The effects of hurricanes are devastating, and the response and recovery efforts are crucial for saving lives and property. Geospatial technologies have been implemented in the response and recovery phases. However, the potential of geospatial technologies were not utilized due to data and capability issues. This study was implemented to design and develop a tool that would help a jurisdiction determine if it can apply geospatial technologies effectively in the response and recovery phases. This tool enables a jurisdiction to complete an assessment regarding GIS data, hardware, software, and personnel capabilities. Assessment results are scored using a weighted linear model, and scores are shown to the user. A rules-based system was built to show the jurisdiction methods for improving its score to the optimum level. This tool enables jurisdictions to diagnose geospatial readiness and make modifications that enhance response and recovery.