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Yes / In this work, the process of ethane recovery plant was simulated for the purpose of Front End Engineering Design. The main objective is to carry out a series of simulation using Aspen HYSYS to compare recovery of ethane from Joule Thomson (JT) Valve, Turbo-Expander and Twister Technology. Twister technology offers high efficiency, more ethane recovery and lower temperature than JT valve and turbo-expander process. It lies somewhere between isenthalpic and isentropic process due to its mechanical configuration. Three processes were compared in terms of recovery of ethane. To conduct the simulations, a real gas plant composition and design data were utilized to perform the study for comparison among chosen technologies which are available for ethane recovery. The same parameters were used for the comparisons. Effect of operating conditions including pressure, temperature, and flow rate as well as carbon dioxide on the recovery of ethane was examined.

Resilience engineering first appeared as a new approach for both system design and system safety in the last decade. One of the first substantive publications on resilience as applied to engineering was Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts [Hollnagel et al. 2006]. Hollnagel, Woods, and Leveson developed the basic concepts behind resilience engineering in order to understand and prevent tragedies such as the Columbia Challenger accident and the September 11 terrorist attack.<p> In its present stage, resilience engineering has several fundamental problems. 1. There is not an appropriate definition for resilience. 2. The differences between resilience and other similar concepts are not clarified. 3. There is no quantitative method which can measure resilience. The three questions need to be addressed in order to advance the concept of resilience engineering and form a theoretical concept to an applied science. These three issues then form the foundation of this thesis.<p> As a first step, a resilience definition is presented based on the concepts of system function and damage. Then, the differences between resilience and five similar concepts (reliability, robustness, repairing, redundancy, and sustainability) are clearly elaborated. As a last step, a method for quantifying resilience is proposed in the form of a resilience index. This method exclusively measures system resilience by analyzing the system recoverability from two points of view: reconfiguration and replacement of components.<p> In order to illustrate the approach to and definitions of resilience, an actual application is considered: a water pumping station operated by SaskWater in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (the Clarence Booster Station). This pumping station is a complicated system consisting of mechanical electrical and chemical subsystems. The resilience of Clarence Booster Station is analyzed using the proposed definition of resilience and resilience index.<p> This thesis is just an initial step establishing a comprehensive definition (qualitatively and quantitatively) for resilience. The resilience index so defined in this work appears to have potential but much more scrutiny and refinement must be pursued to ensure that it is truly applicable to more universal engineering applications.

Resilience engineering first appeared as a new approach for both system design and system safety in the last decade. One of the first substantive publications on resilience as applied to engineering was Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts [Hollnagel et al. 2006]. Hollnagel, Woods, and Leveson developed the basic concepts behind resilience engineering in order to understand and prevent tragedies such as the Columbia Challenger accident and the September 11 terrorist attack.<p> In its present stage, resilience engineering has several fundamental problems. 1. There is not an appropriate definition for resilience. 2. The differences between resilience and other similar concepts are not clarified. 3. There is no quantitative method which can measure resilience. The three questions need to be addressed in order to advance the concept of resilience engineering and form a theoretical concept to an applied science. These three issues then form the foundation of this thesis.<p> As a first step, a resilience definition is presented based on the concepts of system function and damage. Then, the differences between resilience and five similar concepts (reliability, robustness, repairing, redundancy, and sustainability) are clearly elaborated. As a last step, a method for quantifying resilience is proposed in the form of a resilience index. This method exclusively measures system resilience by analyzing the system recoverability from two points of view: reconfiguration and replacement of components.<p> In order to illustrate the approach to and definitions of resilience, an actual application is considered: a water pumping station operated by SaskWater in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (the Clarence Booster Station). This pumping station is a complicated system consisting of mechanical electrical and chemical subsystems. The resilience of Clarence Booster Station is analyzed using the proposed definition of resilience and resilience index.<p> This thesis is just an initial step establishing a comprehensive definition (qualitatively and quantitatively) for resilience. The resilience index so defined in this work appears to have potential but much more scrutiny and refinement must be pursued to ensure that it is truly applicable to more universal engineering applications.

The thesis describes various steps and processes of restructuring in the Czech chemical manufacturing company Druchema, which is one of the traditional manufacturers of consumer chemistry since 1951. The thesis focuses on the characteristics of the business before and after the restructuralization. The actual recovery process is divided into four phases - preparation, outline steps, recovery and development. The work also includes a self-assessment with the SWOT analysis, my own recommendations for the future development of the company, an analysis of some key indicators such as inventories or receivables, and financial analysis.

Denna uppsats kretsar kring två företags återhämtningsarbete vid uppkomsten av respektive skandal. Vidare skapas en djupare förståelse för teorin Service Recovery's betydelse och användning i praktiken. De två fallen där skandaler inträffat är grundade dels i ICA:s köttfärsskandal och dels i IKEA:s fjäderplockningsskandal.   Uppsatsen har en deduktiv ansats vilket innebär att uppsatsen utgår från befintliga teorier som sedan testas med det insamlade empiriska materialet. Den teoretiska referensramen innefattar främst Grönroos teorier kring Service Recovery och kompletteras med teorier så som Service Recovery Paradox, kundförväntningar, sociala medier och immateriell påverkan. Uppsatsens forskningsfrågor besvaras främst med hjälp av en fallstudie med två företagsanalyser samt med en enkätundersökning. Studien är av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ karaktär där kvalitativ data samlats in via en e-mail intervju med Ylva Magnusson vid IKEA, och kvantitativt via en enkätundersökning. Uppsatsen har resulterat i kännedom om hur de två företagen arbetat med att återfå kundförtroende. Uppsatsen har även gett författarna möjlighet att utveckla en ny modell av praktisk bemärkelse som behandlar processarbete inom Service Recovery.

The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe women’s recovery after a first myocardial infarction (MI) from an organisational, a relational and an individual perspective. In this thesis a longitudinal, explorative and descriptive design combining both quantitative (papers I-II) and qualitative (papers III-IV) methods has been used. Data was collected from healthcare professionals at 18 acute hospitals (paper I), which on two occasions answered a questionnaire dealing with cardiac rehabilitation efforts. From these 18 hospitals, 240 women who had suffereda first MI (paper II) were consecutively chosen to answer a questionnaire on three occasions on the subject of social support and social network. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data over time. Paper III and IV had an exploratory and descriptive design based on an inductive, qualitative content analysis approach. Interviews were conducted with 20 cardiac rehabilitation nurses (CRN) (paper III) and with 26 women suffering a first MI (paper IV). The results showed that patients with MI, and their next of kin, were offered a well-functioning cardiac rehabilitation on both measurement occasions. None of the hospitals offered a CRP that was specifically designed for women (paper I). The women perceived that the extent of general support, support from relatives, and professional support changed positively over time (paper II). The CRNs experienced that women’s recovery was influenced by their ability to cope with the stresses of life, if they wanted to be involved in their own personal care and how they related to themselves, and their opportunities to receive support (paper III). Women experienced that ability to approach the new perspective of life depended on how they embraced the three dimensions; behaviour, i.e. women’s acting and engaging in various activities, social i.e. how women receive and give support in their social environment, and psychological i.e. their way of thinking, reflect and appreciate life (paper IV). In conclusion, the four studies show that women’s recovery after a first MI is depending on factors emerging from an organisational, a relational and an individual perspective. Using knowledge from these three perspectives the possibility of a holistic approach to women’s recovery process to health will increase and the risk of a reductionist thinking will decrease.

ABSTRACT Background: Every year, 30,000 people in Sweden suffer from stroke. The disease leads to disability and patients with stroke are in need of recovery process. Previous research highlighted patients 'and relatives' experiences after stroke. The accumulated knowledge clarifies which nursing measures nurses use to support patients' recovery process. Purpose: to describe the nurse's experience in supporting the patient's recovery after a stroke. Method: Systematic literature study with descriptive synthesis. Results: It emerged that seeing the patient as unique was significant, and to have a functioning recovery process, patients must be given sufficient time and be well informed. Showing honesty also resulted in nurses being able to build trust with patients and relatives. The nurses' support in the form of guidance and individually adapted information as well as physical, emotional, social support was important for patients. A positive communication between patients and nurses contributed to a good care relationship that resulted in success in the recovery process, thus relatives were a resource for patients' recovery process. Conclusion: Patients suffering from stroke may suffer and experience pain after the life change. Patients can also experience well-being in their health, this by having a well-functioning recovery process. Nurses with their unique role and professional knowledge can support the recovery process.

This research aims to investigate the role of employee's personality type (most specifically introversion/extraversion) in the service recovery process. Toe literature review suggests that introverts and extraverts exhibit unique traits. Toe researcher hypothesizes that those traits associated with most extraverts may inhibit their performance in the service recovery process. It is believed their consistent tendencies to talk in argumentative tones, ill attention span, and disregard direction can have damaging results on the recovery process. Based on the research objectives, a survey was designed and data was collected from a sample of approximately 140 students in an Introduction to hospitality management or Guest service management class from the Rosen College of Hospitality Management, at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. Toe participants who ranked in the extreme levels of introversion or extraversion responses were used. Their information was then analyzed using statistical programs and tested for main effects. Toe research findings suggest there is a relationship between personality and the service recovery process. Though two hypotheses were not supported by the data, the data analysis results supported the hypothesis that extraverts have a greater capability for empowerment. It is believed further investigation will reveal other human resource management issues for which personality will play a significant role in.

Heightened concerns for cleaner air and increasingly more stringent regulations on sulphur content in transportation fuels will make desulphurization more and more important. The sulphur problem is becoming more serious in general, particularly for diesel fuels as the regulated sulphur content is getting an order of magnitude lower, while the sulphur contents of crude oils are becoming higher. This thesis aimed to develop a desulphurisation process (based on oxidation followed by extraction) with high efficiency, selectivity and minimum energy consumption leading to minimum environmental impact via laboratory batch experiments, mathematical modelling and optimisation. Deep desulphurization of model sulphur compounds (di-n-butyl sulphide, dimethyl sulfoxide and dibenzothiophene) and heavy gas oils (HGO) derived from Libyan crude oil were conducted. A series of batch experiments were carried out using a small reactor operating at various temperatures (40-100 °C) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant and formic acid (HCOOH) as catalyst. Kinetic models for the oxidation process are then developed based on 'total sulphur approach'. Extraction of unoxidised and oxidised gas oils was also investigated using methanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl pyrolidone (NMP) as solvents. For each solvent, the 'measures' such as: the partition coefficient (KP), effectiveness factor (Kf) and extractor factor (Ef) are used to select the best/effective solvent and to find the effective heavy gas oil/solvent ratios. A CSTR model is then developed for the process for evaluating viability of the large scale operation. It is noted that while the energy consumption and recovery issues could be ignored for batch experiments these could not be ignored for large scale operation. Large amount of heating is necessary even to carry out the reaction at 30-40 °C, the recovery of which is very important for maximising the profitability of operation and also to minimise environmental impact by reducing net CO2 release. Here the heat integration of the oxidation process is considered to recover most of the external energy input. However, this leads to putting a number of heat exchangers in the oxidation process requiring capital investment. Optimisation problem is formulated using gPROMS modelling tool to optimise some of the design and operating parameters (such as reaction temperature, residence time and splitter ratio) of integrated process while minimising an objective function which is a coupled function of capital and operating costs involving design and operating parameters. Two cases are studied: where (i) HGO and catalyst are fed as one feed stream and (ii) HGO and catalyst are treated as two feed streams. A liquid-liquid extraction model is then developed for the extraction of sulphur compounds from the oxidised heavy gas oil. With the experimentally determined KP multi stage liquid-liquid extraction process is modelled using gPROMS software and the process is simulated for three different solvents at different oil/solvent ratios to select the best solvent, and to obtain the best heavy gas oil to solvent ratio and number of extraction stages to reduce the sulphur content to less than 10 ppm. Finally, an integrated oxidation and extraction steps of ODS process is developed based on the batch experiments and modelling. The recovery of oxidant, catalyst and solvent are considered and preliminary economic analysis for the integrated ODS process is presented.