Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra KBT (kognitiv beteendeterapi) och fenomenologi ur ett återhämtningsinriktat perspektiv. Den mer klassiska synen gällande tillfrisknandet från psykisk ohälsa, kan ses i likställighet till att bli botad eller symptomfri. I opposition till denna syn betonas istället vikten, ur perspektivet återhämtning, av att skapa ett nytt liv genom främst en värdefull social gemenskap. Därav utgör den professionelles förmåga, att stötta sin klient utifrån dennes individuella behov, en hörnsten inom återhämtning. KBT är relevant inom socialpsykiatri, då det är en väl implementerad behandlingsmetod. Den syftar främst till att uppnå en beteendeförändring hos klienten, exempelvis genom att förändra kognitiva tankemönster. Bortsett från KBT, utgör fenomenologi en relevant del. Detta då fenomenologi är en erkänd filosofisk metod inom detta område, som skiljer sig i jämförelse med KBT då den ej utgår från en specifik metodologisk grund. Därav ligger intresset av att jämföra dessa inriktningar ur ett gemensamt fenomen, så som återhämtning. Denna jämförelse har resulterat i väsentliga skillnader mellan båda inriktningar. De skiljer sig främst åt gällande synen på den professionella rollen och dennes förhållningssätt, samt synen på mätbara framsteg. Ur ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv präglas den professionelles roll av dennes förmåga att förhålla sig följsam och neutral, i jämförelse med KBT som nästintill förespråkar en mer aktiv och engagerad professionell roll. Gällande klientens mätbara framsteg, skiljer sig det fenomenologiska perspektivet i jämförelse med KBT, genom synen på framsteg som icke-synliga eller märkbara men trots det meningsfulla. / The aim of this study is to compare CBT (Cognitive behavioral therapy) and phenomenology through a recovery-oriented perspective. Recovery stands for an individual process, which can be seen in contrary to the more traditional view of being cured or symptom free, regarding mental illness. Instead of being cured for example, recovery emphasizes the process of constituting a new life, partially through a social community. A cornerstone in recovery is hence the practitioner’s ability to support its client, through her individual needs. CBT is relevant within the field of social psychiatry, since it is a well-implemented method of treatment. It mainly aims towards achieving a change of behavior, by addressing cognitive patterns. Phenomenology constitutes an acknowledged philosophical method in this field, but differs in the sense of not standing on a methodological base, as CBT. In this aspect lays the interest of comparing these methods through a common phenomenon, such as recovery. This comparison has resulted in a basic disparity between the two methods, predominantly regarding the view of the practitioner’s role and approach, as well as the perception of progress as measurable. The practitioner’s role, through a phenomenological perspective, features the ability to approach its client in a flexible and neutral manner, in opposition to a CBT-oriented practitioner, which advocates a more active and concerned approach. Regarding the clients progress as measurable, the phenomenological standpoint differs in comparison to CBT, through the perception of progress as being partly non-visible or noticeable but despite that meaningful.

Il coinvolgimento di utenti e familiari nella progettazione, gestione e valutazione dei servizi di salute mentale consente di migliorare i servizi, facendo valere gli interessi e la prospettiva di stakeholders che spesso vengono visti esclusivamente come ricettori passivi di prestazioni. La tesi prende il via da queste considerazioni, legate ad approcci recovery oriented, con l’obiettivo di analizzare come le organizzazioni sociosanitarie possono favorire la partecipazione e accogliere il punto di vista degli utenti e dei familiari attraverso l’introduzione di pratiche innovative. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo si è scelto di analizzare due casi: il Fareassieme del Servizio di salute mentale di Trento e il Social Point del Dipartimento di salute mentale di Modena. Attraverso osservazione e interviste, sono stati raccolti dati qualitativi che hanno portato a una interpretazione complessa e sfaccettata. In particolare, sono emersi due versanti: (1) quello del cambiamento culturale necessario per introdurre nell’organizzazione un nuovo approccio centrato sulla partecipazione e (2) quello della formalizzazione delle nuove pratiche partecipative, con i risvolti positivi e negati dell’incardinamento nell’organizzazione. Nelle conclusioni, si ipotizzano possibili sviluppi per la ricerca futura e si elencano i suggerimenti operativi emergenti dalla ricerca per i manager dei servizi sociosanitari. / The participation of users and family members in the design, management and evaluation of mental health services can improve services, relying on the interests and perspective of the stakeholders that are often seen only as passive recipients of services. The thesis takes away from these considerations, related to recovery-oriented approaches. The aim is to analyze how organizations can promote the health and social participation and accept the point of view of users and their families, through the introduction of innovative practices. I analyze two Italian cases: “Doing Together” (a project of the Mental Health Service of Trento) and “Social Point” (a service of the Department of Mental Health of Modena). Two issues emerged from qualitative data: (1) the organizational cultural change related to the introduction of a new approach, centered on participation and (2) the formalization of the participatory practices, with positive and negative consequences. In conclusion, I propose possible development for future research and suggestions to managers of health services.