A exploração dos recursos naturais e a degradação do meio ambiente têm sido fonte de preocupação no âmbito mundial. A busca por soluções alternativas que não causem ou que diminuam os impactos ambientais tornou-se comum na sociedade. Nesse contexto, a pavimentação vem contribuindo significativamente com soluções alternativas para destinação final de diversos tipos de resíduos, principalmente os oriundos da indústria da construção civil que sempre foi uma das maiores geradoras. Os resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD) podem ser transformados em agregados reciclados de ótima qualidade e podem ser aplicados em diversos serviços de engenharia. Os agregados reciclados, segundo a NBR 15116 (ABNT, 2004), são separados em misto e de concreto (ARC). No Brasil existem poucas pesquisas com o ARC, no entanto, as que existem e as pesquisas internacionais relatam que uma característica marcante do ARC é a cimentação própria. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o comportamento mecânico, ao longo do tempo de cura, do agregado reciclado de concreto proveniente da Usina de Reciclagem de São Carlos e de sua mistura com um solo laterítico, a fim de utilizá-los na construção de pavimentos. O estudo envolveu a análise dos resultados de resistência à compressão simples, módulo tangente, módulo de resiliência, deformação permanente e índice de suporte Califórnia (CBR) de corpos-de-prova de ARC e da sua mistura com solo laterítico, moldados em diferentes energias de compactação e ensaiados com tempos de cura variados. Ao final, concluiu-se que o agregado reciclado de concreto (ARC) é uma alternativa para construção de bases de pavimentos, podendo também substituir o agregado natural da mistura solo arenoso laterítico - brita descontínua, muito utilizada nas rodovias do interior de São Paulo. / Natural resources exploitation and the environmental degradation are a worldly problem nowadays. Searching for alternative solutions is something usual in most countries. Pavement systems are now contributing significantly with these alternative solutions by using the waste of construction demolition. This specific kind of waste can turn into mixed recycled aggregate or recycled concrete aggregate. There are just few researches in Brazil about the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), however international researches have shown that this aggregate has a very characteristic and positive mark: self cementation. This research has got the objective of studying the mechanic behavior of the recycled concrete aggregate and its mix with lateritic soil on the construction of base pavements with different analytic basis. The study involved the analysis of the laboratorial tests results of the unconfined compressive strength, tangent modulus, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and California Bearing Ration (CBR) of RCA specimens and its mix with lateritic soil, molded in different compaction energy and tested in different curing times. In conclusion, this kind of recycled aggregate has proved to be a sustainable alternative for the natural aggregate in the construction of many roads in small cities of the State of São Paulo - Brazil.

Concrete as a building material is subject to continuous innovation and thanks to advanced technology and quantum of research, its properties are still improved. It is logical that the more concrete we produce, the more waste it arises. The volume of this waste can not be stored in landfills endlessly, nowadays most of the waste economies in the world are trying to recycle concrete rubble. The recycling is not such a problem, the technology has been long verified but the quality of the recycled concrete aggregate is unquestionably one of the primary assumption which leads to accomplish required properties of concrete. In fact, the recycling process is „crushing“ the concrete into particles with an effort to eliminate the cement paste on the surface of the aggregate. An ideal solution would be create a resistant and firm coating that would adhere perfectly to the cement matrix. This diploma thesis is focused on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate and methods of improvement and optimization of the concrete mix composition.

Constitués de plusieurs composants (granulats naturels et pâte de ciment adhérente), les GBR ne sont à l’heure actuelle pas utilisés largement dans la formulation de nouveaux bétons. Les propriétés médiocres des GBR compliquent considérablement la détermination de la quantité d’eau efficace dans le béton frais. Tout d’abord, une étude bibliographique va mettre en évidence la grande dispersion des résultats des essais de caractérisation des GBR et des propriétés des bétons recyclés à l’état frais et durci. Ensuite, une étude vise à analyser l’hétérogénéité des GBR et des granulats de béton concassé (GBC) par rapport à différents paramètres : aux impuretés granulaires, à la densité et à la teneur en pâte de ciment, au malaxage du béton parent, et au niveau de la capacité d’absorption d’eau des GBC en fonction de leur état de pré-humidification. Enfin, une dernière partie est destinée à améliorer la maîtrise de l’eau efficace réelle dans la fabrication du béton recyclé. La cinétique d’absorption des GBC dans une pâte de ciment est tout d’abord étudiée. Ensuite, l’évolution de l’eau efficace durant le malaxage de bétons à base de GBC est investiguée au moyen d’une méthode originale basée sur le suivi des courbes de puissance du malaxeur. Finalement, l’effet d’un malaxage sous vide relatif sur les propriétés des bétons à base de granulats naturels et des bétons à base de GBC est étudié. / Composed of several components (natural aggregates and adherent cement paste), RCA are not widely recommended in new concrete formulations. Their poor properties considerably complicate the determination of the effective water in fresh concrete. In a first part, a bibliographic study will highlight the wide dispersion of the results of characterization tests of RCA and the properties of fresh and hardened recycled concrete. In a second part, the heterogeneity of RCA and crushed concrete aggregates (CCA) is studied according to different parameters: granular impurities, density, cement paste content, mixing of parent concrete, and water absorption capacity according to their pre-humidification. The third part consists of three experimental studies that intend to improve effective water control in the manufacture of recycled concrete. The absorption kinetics of CCA in a cement paste is first studied. Then, the evolution of effective water in fresh concrete during mixing is studied using an original method based on the power evolution of the mixer. Finally, the effect of vacuum mixing on the properties of ordinary and recycled concretes is investigated.

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The diploma thesis deals with using of recycled aggregate of concrete for base layers of pavement. The work is divided into practical and theoretical part. The theoretical part deals with basic concepts of construction and demolition waste, production, development and management of this waste in the Czech Republic. It also focuses on the principle of recycling and the use of recycled concrete in the Czech Republic and abroad. The practical part of the thesis deals with laboratory testing and assessment of recycled aggregates in bound, unbound and grouted courses layers of the base layers of roads.

The master thesis dealing with problematic about durability of concrete, with use of recycled concrete and addition of silica additions. Predominant for resistance of concrete constructions is surface layer, through which aggressive gasses and liquids penetrate from surrounding environment. The most important indicator of concrete durability is ability of surface layer transmissions of aggressive substants. In experimental part will be defined the actual state of surface layer by normal testing methods. The transmissions of surface layer will be tested on concrete cubes. Tests for transmissions of air (method TORRENT), of water (method ISAT), of acid gases (dept of carbonation by quick test in 98% CO2) will be carried out and also strength tests. Assessment of positive or negative influence of additions and amount of cement on durability and mechanical properties of concrete will be discussed in conclusion.

This thesis deals with the theoretical part of the creation, distribution and recycling of construction and demolition waste. Subsequently covers made from these recycled construction and demolition waste and its potential application in structural layers of the pavement. In the practical part of the thesis deals with monitoring the overall properties of nine asphalt mixtures with different proportion of recycled concrete aggregate and asphalt binder, which are designed and intended for bed asphalt pavement. The recycled concrete aggregate and asphalt are performed various laboratory tests, the results are subjected to a comparison with the relevant standards and TP 210. The conclusion is made price comparisons of asphalt mixtures.

The work is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the description of unbound and bound base layers and their comparison. Furthermore is presented the description of the recycled concrete, its properties, production, improvement and issues. International experiences with recycled concrete technology are described as well. The practical part is focused on laboratory testing of concrete recycled material taken from the highway D1. The aim of this part is to determine whether the concrete can be recycled back into unbound or bound base layers and concrete casing.