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Multistage stochastic optimization is used to solve many real-life problems where decisions are taken at multiple times, e.g., portfolio selection problems. Such problems need the definition of stochastic processes, which are usually approxim- ated by scenario trees. The choice of the size of the scenario trees is the result of a compromise between the best approximation and the possibilities of the com- puter technology. Therefore, once a master scenario tree has been generated, it can be needed to reduce its dimension in order to make the problem computation- ally tractable. In this thesis, we introduce several scenario reduction algorithms and we compare them numerically for different types of master trees. A simple portfolio selection problem is also solved within the study. The distance from the initial scenario tree, the computational time, and the distance between the optimal objective values and solutions are compared for all the scenario reduction algorithms. In particular, we adopt the nested distance to measure the distance between two scenario trees. 1

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of energy balance. Principles of its regulation and factors that affect it through energy intake or energy output are described in the thesis. It also describes methods of measuring and calculating energy output for proper adjustment of energy needs and achieving energy balance. In addition, the thesis presents energy needs in in specific life stages and pathological conditions that may occur during prolonged disruption of the energy balance. Both physiological and pharmacological factors which may impact energy metabolism are mentioned. The main objective of the practical part was to analyze freely available articles on the Internet providing different ways of weight reduction. The articles were subjected to a critical assessment from the point of view of a nutritional therapist and compared with expert studies. The secondary objective was to evaluate the questionnaire which also dealt with weight reduction. The individual responses were focused on the respondents' personal experience with weight loss. The results showed that up to 90 % of respondents attempted to reduce weight and that freely available articles, which do not always provide relevant information, were often used for this purpose. Keywords: energy balance, basal energy...

This work engage in prevalence and overweight by students in first year of NŠ PF JU and possibly reduction their weight by the help of support active programme. To evaluation of numbers of students with overweight or obesity was reached by the helps of the value BMI and then was anthropometric dates got by the method measure thickness of ten skinfolds., whereby was found percentage rate of fat in the body. In this research took part in 89 probands both sexes. Eleven students of these took part in support active programme. Anthropometric investigation proceeded from October 2006 to December 2006.\\

In my thesis I have been dealing with the prevalence of the overweight and obesity of students studying the first grades in the ZF JU and also with the possibilities of the reduction of these by means of the interventional active plan lasting 12 weeks. The prevalence of students´ overweight and obesity was finally found out thanks to the values of BMI, BIA, the girth and also thanks to the values gained by measuring with a caliper. On the basis of the research, which 160 students were involved in, the students with a higher portion of fat were chosen (33 probands to experimental group and 30 students to control group). Since February 2007 till May 2007 the experimental group was undergoing the interventional active plan. The plan was focused on the reduction of an actual body weight and it was also focused on an affecting of the psychical and social parameters in a positive way. After finishing this interventional active plan the obtained results were analysed by means of the statistic methods. This created plan could become an inspiration and also a clue for the organisations which are engaged in the problems of the overweight or obesity in the sphere of the development of health

The theoretical part of the thesis contains information about education in general, futhermore it describes general information on e-learning. In the end of this part there are described different ways how to implement e-learning in a company. Practical part concerns information about a company - PRAKAB PRAZSKA KABELOVNA, a.s., possible ways of aplication education. In the final part of the thesis a solution is recommended and compared with an opinion of the personal manager of this company.

Pricing of more complex derivatives is very often based on Monte Carlo simulations. Estimates given by these simulations are derived from thousands of scenarions for the underlying asset price developement. These estimates can be more precise in case of higher number of scenarions or in case of modifications of a simulation mentioned in this master thesis. First part of the thesis includes theoretic description of variance reduction techniques, second part consists of implementation of all techniques in pricing a barrier option and of their comparison. We conclude the thesis by two statements. The former one says that usage of each technique is subject to simulation specifics, the latter one recommends to use MC simulations even in the case a closed-form formula was derived.

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Ondřej Kratochvíl Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Milan Pour, Ph.D. Supervisor - specialist: Mgr. Rastislav Antal Title of Thesis: Reduction of electron-deficient dendralenes by hydride reagents This diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of electron-deficient [3]dendralenes containing electron withdrawing groups such as carbonyl and ester functionalities. The synthesis is based on a palladium-catalyzed Migita-Stille coupling between stannylated diene and iodinated alkene (cycloalkene). Subsequent reaction of these substituted [3]dendralenes with hydride anion leads to a 1,2- or 1,4-addition to the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of an enolate or alcoholate, which are further transformed to various products depending on the type of the [3]dendralene.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of nitrogen oxides emissions in exhaust gases and possibilities of their reduction. The task of the thesis was analysis of systems for NOX reduction by contemporary diesel engines, design and construction of NOX reduction device for given diesel engine, then verify functionality of this system compiled from commercially available components. In the last part of thesis available measurements will be made with an analysis of achieved results.

Pro přirozené číslo n, n-expandovatelné hluboké zasobníkové automaty vždy obsahují maximálně n výskytů nevstupních symbolů v jejich zásobníku v průběhu jakékoli kompilace. Jako hlavní výsledek, tato práce demonstruje, že tyto automaty mají stejnou vyjadřovací sílu jako automaty s #, nacházející pouze na dně zásobníku, a jediným dalším nevstupním symbolem. Z tohoto závěru vyplývá nekonečná hierarchie jazyků přijímaných těmito automaty.