Over the past five decades, archaeologists have proposed a wide range of methods for the study of spatial organization within hunter-gatherer sites. Many of these methods sought to identify the spatial location of activities based on patterns of behavior observed in ethnographic contexts. While this resulted in productive observations at certain sites, many of these methods were tailored to specific situations and thus could not be applied to a wide range of sites. For example, open-air sites rarely contain preserved bone or features, such as hearths, which were central components to identifying characteristics of site structure. In addition, many of these methods often did not take into consideration the temporal dynamics of the occupation, i.e., that many sites were formed through subsequent occupations of differing duration. This paper proposes the use of two related methods that assume many assemblages are the result of more than one occupation. The methods target the distribution of lithic artifacts, the most ubiquitously preserved of archaeological materials, and accounts for the potential that the final resting place of artifacts was the result of both intentional and unintentional movement by humans and a host of biological and geological processes. The main goal of this paper is to use an understanding of how these processes influenced the formation of site structure to estimate the relative number and duration of occupations for each site in the sample. These new methods will be presented and explained through the study of seven open-air Middle Paleolithic sites in France but are applicable to a wide range of hunter-gatherer sites.

I detta arbete undersöktes möjligheten för fartyget M/F Ljungskär att konverteras till batteridrift. Arbetet delades upp i två delar där första delen undersökte om det var möjligt med dagens driftprofil och passagerarantal. I andra delen modifierades driftprofilen och passagerarantalet. Vidare studerades om det fanns några ytterligare regelverk som skulle behöva implementeras till följd av ombyggnation till batteridrift. Resultatet visar att det inte är möjligt att konvertera fartyget till batteridrift med dagens driftprofil och passagerarantal, men modifiering av driftprofil och passagerarantal gör det möjligt. Vid en ombyggnation kommer inga nya regelverk att omfattas men nya certifikat kommer behöva ges ut. De största bidragande faktorerna till resultatet är hur mycket kapacitet i form av batteri som kan förvaras ombord, hur stor effekt som batterierna tillåter för laddning samt hur långt det är mellan laddningscyklerna. / This project studied the possibility to convert M/F Ljungskärs propulsion system from diesel- to battery powered. The project was divided in two sections in which the first part investigated conversion without changing passenger capacity or route. The second part investigated if conversion was possible with modified passenger capacity and route. In addition, a study was carried out to verify if any new rules or regulations had to be implemented due to the refitting.  The results showed that it is not possible to convert the vessel to a battery power propulsion system with the current passenger capacity and route but with modifications makes it possible. In case of refitting will no new rules or regulations be applied but new certificates will be required. The largest contributing factors to the results are how much battery capacity that can be stored onboard, the batteries charging capabilities and the distance between charging cycles.

Nesquehoning Creek (36CR142) is a stratified, multicomponent site situated on a late Wisconsin age terrace in Lehigh Gorge State Park, Carbon County, Pennsylvania. Cultural occupations represented at Nesquehoning Creek include Colonial (late 17th-early 18th century); Late, Middle, and Early Woodland; Transitional, Late, Middle and Early Archaic; and Paleoindian. The Paleoindian component is deeply buried, contextually secure, and produced a Crowfield fluted point with associated radiocarbon dates of 12,422 ± 164, 12,255 ± 177, and 11,398 ± 110 cal BP. This dissertation focuses on: 1) assessing the Paleoindian occupation history at Nesquehoning Creek, 2) analyzing the organization of Paleoindian lithic technology, and 3) examining Paleoindian residential mobility patterns in the Middle Atlantic and Northeast regions. The history of research at Nesquehoning Creek, Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene environmental data, and Paleoindian culture history are reviewed in order to provide background information. By examining the stratigraphy and geomorphology at the Nesquehoning Creek site, this study was able to propose a model of landscape evolution and determine excavation areas with the greatest potential for stratified Paleoindian occupations. A lithic refitting and artifact distribution analysis of these excavation areas was able to identify a single Crowfield Paleoindian occupation zone. The Crowfield component lithic assemblage displayed production and reduction strategies similar to Clovis and later Paleoindian complexes. Lithic raw material types represented in the Crowfield toolkit suggest a relatively small territorial range on the order of 50 km. An evaluation of Early and Late Paleoindian residential mobility patterns in the Middle Atlantic and Northeast showed continuity in the relative occupation span of sites from both periods. This suggests that although Late Paleoindian groups had smaller territorial ranges, they appear to have moved from site to site within those territories about as frequently as Early Paleoindians in the Middle Atlantic and Northeast regions. Detailed analysis of contextually secure Paleoindian assemblages are crucial to identifying similarities and differences between archaeological complexes. This research demonstrates the importance of lithic refitting studies in the assessment of stratified, multicomponent archaeological sites. Detailed examination of the Crowfield lithic assemblage improved our understanding of Paleoindian technological organization in the Middle Atlantic region. The evaluation of Paleoindian residential mobility patterns has complimented previous studies and presented data that may be updated and reassessed in the future. / Anthropology

The author analyzes the rules of civil liability and its application in the workplace to establish the right to compensation as a result of irregular dismissal. In particular, it seeks to determine if a judicial declaration of unfair dismissal is sufficient to justify the payment of compensation for moral damages for the worker element. / El autor realiza un análisis de las reglas de la responsabilidad civil y su aplicación en el ámbito laboral para establecer el derecho a ser indemnizado como consecuencia de un cese irregular. En particular, busca determinar si es que una declaración judicial de despido arbitrario es un elemento suficiente para justificar el pago de una indemnización por daño moral a favor del trabajador.