L'ectrostimulation dite conventionnelle (CONV) est délivrée par des impulsions électriques de basse fréquence (≤ 50 Hz), de courte durée (< 400 μs) et de haute intensité. Ce type d'ESNM permet ainsi d'évoquer une contraction musculaire grâce à l'activation directe des axones moteurs et est associé à une fatigue musculaire exagérée par rapport aux contractions volontaires (VOL). Au contraire, lors de l'utilisation d'impulsions de longues durées (1 ms), de hautes fréquences (≥ 80 Hz) et de faibles intensités (i.e. protocole « Wide-Pulse, High-Frequency » (WPHF)), une partie de la force musculaire évoquée aurait pour origine des mécanismes centraux. En effet, une augmentation de la force produite en réponse à WPHF a été rapportée alors que l'intensité de stimulation était constante. Cette « extra force » (EF) refléterait le recrutement par voie réflexe des motoneurones spinaux. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était de mieux appréhender les mécanismes neurophysiologiques à l'origine de l'EF et d'évaluer les conséquences métaboliques et corticales du protocole WPHF (1 ms - 100 Hz) par rapport à des protocoles d'exercices VOL et de type CONV (50 μs - 25 Hz). Les réponses musculaires des fléchisseurs plantaires et les réponses cérébrales ont été évalué par résonance magnétique nucléaire (la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique du phosphore 31 du muscle et l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle du cerveau) et électrophysiologie (EMG). Ces résultats constituent une première étape importante vers une meilleure prise en charge des pathologies liées à des atteintes du neuromusculaire. / Conventional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (CONV) is delivered via surface electrodes at short pulse duration (< 400 μs), low frequencies (≤ 50 Hz) and high current intensities. The motor unit recruitment pattern of CONV, however, is different from the pattern of voluntary contractions (VOL) and leads to a hastened onset of muscle fatigue. The use of wide-pulses (1ms), high frequencies (100 Hz) (WPHF) and low current intensities might approach the natural activation pattern of VOL by enhancing the neural contribution to force production. Previous studies investigating WPHF reported progressive and unexpected force increments ("Extra Forces") despite a constant stimulation intensity which might reflect the more pronounced activation of sensory pathways within the central nervous system. The objective of this thesis was to investigate this "Extra Force" (EF) phenomenon and to evaluate the efficiency of WPHF (1 ms pulse duration at 100 Hz) in terms of metabolic demand and neural contribution to force production in comparison to CONV NMES (0.05 ms pulse duration at 25 Hz) and VOL. Our experiments comprised electrophysiological (EMG) and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (31P spectroscopy of the muscle, functional imaging of the brain). The findings should be considered in future studies investigating the potential of NMES in a clinical context as a treatment for neuromuscular pathologies.

Title: Teaching and Testing Writing. On the Common State School Leaving Exam in German Language. Author: Martina Kolářová Department: Institute of German Studies, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Superviser: doc. PhDr. Marie Vachková, Ph.D. Abstract: This thesis deals with the topic of writing ability in lessons of German as a foreign language in a context of a State-school leaving exam in German language. New model of this exam is managed centrally and its global character influences the school study in all grammar schools. The thesis concentrates on the way in which this exam influences the study and which consequences it has for the writing ability of students. The research gains the data mainly from the point of view of teachers, but it considers the student's point of view too and analyses results of their written exams. The concern in this topic is based on the current situation of modification of the state-school leaving exam in foreign languages and the criticism of its benefits for students and their study. The foreign language testing has a long tradition and counts to detailed researched fields of didactics which allows a global view on the issues in context of other foreign language exams and on teaching fields connected with testing which creates a theoretical frame of this thesis....

This diploma thesis deals with the theme of changing the life values in the context of the death and dying. The theoretical part is divided into two sections. First of them is focused on the attitudes to the death by the various disciplines, the second one is focused on the life values, specifics and experience with the process of dying. The practical part maps the attitudes to the death by the three groups of respondents ? the group of dying clients of hospices, the group of their family members and the last is the group of the staff (of residence and home hospice care). There are compared their responses with the results of another researches and thesis dealing with analogous topic in the Discussion. The main result of this thesis is that the most important values accented by the contact of the coming death are not the material values (like money, possesion), but the values connected with the quality interpersonal relations and family background like esteem, love, loyalty, devotion and gratitude is.

This work deals with professional ethical reflection and analysis of the code of ethics of social workers to join in the broader context of the social work profession and human rights principles. The introduction deals with disabilities, the basic concepts of ethics and social work with regard to the specifics of the social work profession and the requirements of professional social worker. Based on professional ethical reflection theoretical work also analyzes the document Code of Ethics of Social Workers of the Czech Republic in comparison with the International Social Work Code of Ethics and the Code of Charity Czech Republic with an emphasis on the interpretation of the principles of human rights and social justice. At the end of the work in relation to analysis tries to summarize the importance of criticism and also updated the Code of Conduct, including an indication of other possible paths to explore this issue.

The dissertation deals with the topic of managing and experiencing stressful (extraordi-nary) situations in teaching in connection with selected teachers' personality traits. The thesis has a theoretical-empirical character. Its theoretical part presents some basic know?ledge related to the topics relevant to the processed issues (teacher's profession, persona?lity, motivation, emotion, workload and stress in the teaching profession context, selected teaching methods and organizational forms, recommendations for effective teaching and learning difficulties solutions, basics of artefacts symbolic interpretation). The aim of the research described in the empirical part of the thesis is to obtain the detailed information about the experience of difficult situations in teaching and the possibilities of their man?agement in connection with the personality structure of the selected teachers. The re?search was carried out in the mixed methods design. His qualitative part contains a multiple? case study (semi-structured interviews were conducted with six lower se?condary school teachers, their teaching was observed, an interview about their thematic collage on the theme Me as a teacher in all its positions and roles was conducted, and the same questionnaires were applied as for the quantitative part of the survey) and some open coded interviews about the thematic collages. In the quantitative research section, the data from four questionnaires were evaluated the orientation questionnaire for detecting stress in teachers by Henning and Keller (1996), the Stress Management Stra?tegies SVF 78 (Janke & Erdmann, 2003), the Freiburg Personality Inventory (Kollárik, Poliaková, & Ritomsky, 1984) and a questionnaire of our own design contains open questions. Most of the participants in the research study experience extraordinary situa?tions in their teaching, which usually cause unpleasant emotions and affect their teaching negatively. Particular relationships between personality characteristics and the teaching of the participants have been found. Respondents did not show a higher level of psychoso?matic disturbance, emotional lability, depressivity or neuroticity compared to the com?mon population. Neither between the level of stress feelings and the age or length of practice, no statistically significant relationship has been found. On the contrary, the male self-description and the adaptive burden management showed a mutually significant con?nection. Also, a higher level of stress impact in physical aspect of women compared to men proved to be statistically significant.

This thesis describes a level of communication among a class teacher, her pupils and the pupils themselves in a master class at a first stage, where the author works. The aim of the class teacher is to develop communicative competences that will lead to more effective communication in the class among the class teacher, her pupils and pupils themselves. The theoretical part gives a support to the practical part based on theoretical knowledge. It formulates specifics of pedagogical communication, features verbal communication, observes effective ways and barriers in communication. It submits tools by Personal and social education defining. The tools can reach expected outputs in communication defined in the National Curriculum and the Minimum Preventive Programme. The author introduces the teacher's personality and his skills as possible factors that affect the pupil's development. The practical part monitors the initial situation in the classroom. On the basis of a teacher action research the teacher wants to enhance communication efficiency. She uses the particular method of observation, reflection, Personal and social education techniques, audio and video recordings analysis and additionally verbal evaluation. She also relies on the application of the preventive programme. Data collection and the...

This master's thesis describes possibilities of Oracle Database 10g and 11g monitoring. It let the reader know about practical tools for monitoring and describes the database's internal catalogs preserving statistics and the information about running database instances within history. Next, it describes design of an Oracle database monitoring tool, describtion of its implementation and at the end its evaluation and comparison with other similar applications.

The diploma thesis on the topic "Teaching of Economics at a Secondary Vocational School from the Didactics of Social Sciences Perspective" is divided into two parts. The first part is a theoretical one, where the author defines the theoretical didactic concepts in detail, and they are then used in the second, practical part of the thesis. This part presents a proposal of a didactic unit, which deals with the teaching of wage calculation. It includes a worksheet and methodical sheet as well, the detailed didactic preparation and detailed reflection of the implemented didactic unit in the classroom and online teaching. Repeatedly practising this didactic unit, it can be noted that the proposed form of teaching is effective and accepted by students. Personal and social skills, mathematical skills and critical thinking training also go beyond the main topic.

The purpose of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate lessons oriented towards gender issues. The theoretical part of this thesis introduces the topic of gender and places it in the school context. It addresses gender-sensitive education and the courses of action by which gender issues can be integrated into teaching. Furthermore, this part deals with the methodology of content-based approaches. Finally, it presents the lesson planning process based on the Six-Ts method and lesson reflection using the ALACT model. The practical part consists of planning sample lessons and designing students' worksheets, both oriented towards gender issues. The sample lessons were consequently piloted in Business Academy Heroldovy Sady. The evaluation of their progress is also included in this section, together with practical recommendations for similar lessons based on personal teaching experience. Lastly, the thesis notes that teachers of English and other foreign languages can raise awareness of gender issues in their lessons while developing students' language skills. The thesis is enriching as it finds solutions to integrate gender topics into English language teaching and provides examples of this practice. KEY WORDS English as a foreign language, EFL, English language learning, content-based...

The master´s thesis deals with verification of thermal insulating property of thermoreflection foil insulations. The teoretical part of thesis focuses on the energy demand of buildings, the problems of heat transfer material, terms required for study of thermoreflection thermal insulation and experimental methods for determination of thermal insulating properties of insulators. In the next part the chapter is accompanied by an overview of the most common insulation materials which used in construction. The last part of teoretical part is devoted to the description of thermoreflect formation and analysis of the spread of thermal insulating layers of thermoreflection thermal insulation. The first part of thesis is devoted to the use of thermoreflection therm insulation in buildings. The second part of thesis is devoted to the design, assembly and calibration of the measuring device that uses a method of protected warm chamber. It is declared as a binding method of detection of the heat transfer performance of thermoreflection thermal insulation. The developed measuring device allows detection of endpoints in some direction of propagation of heat. Measurment of heat transfer coefficient devoted the third part of practical part. This part contains a description of the samples used for the measurement of the heat transfer coefficient. In the fourth chapter of the practical part are presented the results of the heat transfer coefficient measurments on selected samples of thermoreflection foil insulation. It is shown the characteristic of heat transfer coefficient of individual samples, the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the position of the sample in the measuring device and the recommendation of an appropriate use of sample in the works for the climatic conditions of the Czech republic. The work concludes the chapter of comparing and evaluating of all samples with practical recommendations.