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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The regiochemistry study of the formation of a series of aryl-, heteraryl- and haloalkyl-substituted isoxazoles from the reaction of β-dimethylaminovinyl ketones and hydroxylamine is reported. The precursors β-imethylaminovinyl ketones were obtained from the condensation reaction of N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and the substituted ketones [R-C(O)-CH3, where R = Ph, MeO-4-C6H4, Me-4-C6H4, F-4-C6H4, Cl- 4-C6H4, Br-4-C6H4, O2N-4-C6H4, Fur-2-yl, Tien-2-yl, Pyrrol-2-yl, Pyrid-2-yl, and CCl3]. The study shown that for R = trichloromethyl substituent was obtained regiospecifically 5-halomethyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles. For precursors with R = O2N-4-C6H4, Fur-2-yl were obtained 3-aryl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole, for R = MeO-4-C6H4, F-4-C6H4, Br-4-C6H4, Pyrrol-2-yl were obtained 5-aryl[heteroaryl]isoxazoles, and for remainder substituents (R = Ph, Me-4-C6H4, Cl-4-C6H4, Tien-2-yl, Pyrid-2-yl) were obtained a mixture of the 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles-1,3 and isoxazoles-1,5. The effect of the substituent on the regiochemistry of isoxazoles obtained was discussed with bases on a MO calculations data. / Este trabalho descreve o estudo da regioquímica de formação de uma série de isoxazóis aril-, heteroaril- e haloalquil substituídos, a partir da reação de β- dimetilaminovinil cetonas e hidroxilamina. O precursor β-dimetilaminovinil cetona foi obtido a partir da reação de condensação de N,N-dimetilformamida dimetil acetal e a cetona substituída [R-C(O)-CH3, onde R = Ph, MeO-4-C6H4, Me-4-C6H4, F-4-C6H4, Cl-4-C6H4, Br-4-C6H4, O2N-4-C6H4, Fur-2-il, Tien-2-il, Pirrol-2-il, Pirid-2-il, e CCl3]. O estudo mostrou que para R = triclorometil substituinte foi obtido regioespecificamente 5-halometil-4,5-diidroisoxazóis. Para precursores com R = O2N-4-C6H4, Fur-2-il foram obtidos 3-aril-4,5-diidroisoxazóis, para R = MeO-4-C6H4, F-4-C6H4, Br-4-C6H4, Pirrol-2-il foram obtidos 5-aril[heteroaril]isoxazóis, e para os demais substituintes (R = Ph, MeO-4- C6H4, Cl-4-C6H4, Tien-2-il, Pirid-2-il) foram obtidos uma mistura de 4,5-diidroisoxazóis-1,3 e isoxazóis-1,5. O efeito do substituinte na regioquímica dos isoxazóis obtidos foi discutido com base nos dados de cálculos de orbitais moleculares (AM1).

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Several methods for the regioselective synthesis of trifluoromethylated heterocycles from 4-alcoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alken-2-ones and hydrazones are described. In the first part of this work, a series of (E)-2-[N -benzyl(1-phenylethyl)idenehydrazino]-4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidines were obtained in a convergent manner from the cyclocondensation reaction between Nguanidinobenzylimines and 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alken-2-ones in excellent yields (68-99%). Most reactions were highly diastereoselective and the benzyliminic bound presented preferably the E configuration which was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis of two diastereoisomeric pure benzylidenepyrimidines derivatives. Afterwards, the synthetic versatility of these pyrimidines was demonstrated through the synthesis of 2-(N -enzylhydrazino)-4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidines and 3-aryl-7-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]pyrimidines. The synthesis of benzylhydrazinopyrimidines were achieved from the selective reduction of the benzyliminic moiety of the benzylidenepyrimidines employing NaBH3CN as reduction agent in an acidic media (pH 3-5). Yields were in the 33-74% range. The 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines were isolated after oxidative heterocyclisation promoted by a copper II catalyst. Those reactions proceeded under mild conditions (DMF, 1.5h, 50-90 °C), were highly chemoselective and yields from 33 and 70%. In the second part of this work, the synthesis of 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazoles from 4-alkoxyvinyl trifluoromethyl ketones and phenylhydrazine hydrazones are reported. Those heterocyclisations were highly selective, presented good yields (40-93%) and furnished a series of new enaminones as reaction intermediates. Those reactions that furnished a mixture isomeric pyrazoles, the major isomer was easily isolated through column chromatography. / Esta tese descreve diversas metodologias para a síntese regiosseletiva de heterociclos trifluormetilados a partir de 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-triflúor-3-alquen-2-onas e hidrazonas. Na primeira parte do trabalho, uma série de (E)-2-[N -benzil(1-feniletil) idenohidrazino]-4-trifluormetilpirimidinas inéditas foi obtida de maneira convergente a partir da ciclocondensação entre N-guanidinobenziliminas e 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-triflúor-3-alquen-2-onas em ótimos rendimentos (68-99%). A maior parte das reações foram altamente diastereosseletivas e a configuração E da ligação benzilimínica foi considerada preferencial após análise por difração de raios X dos monocristais de duas benzilidenopirimidinas diastereoisomericamente puras. Posteriormente, a versatilidade sintética desses heterociclos foi demonstrada através da obtenção das 2-(N - benzilhidrazino)-4-trifluormetilpirimidinas e das 3-aril-7- trifluormetil[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pirimidinas. As benzilhidrazinopirimidinas foram obtidas a partir da redução seletiva do grupo benzilimínico das benzilidenopirimidinas empregando NaBH3CN como agente redutor em meio ácido (pH 3-5) com rendimentos que variaram entre 33-74%. As 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pirimidinas, por sua vez, foram sintetizadas a partir do mesmo precursor através de heterociclização oxidativa mediada por cloreto de cobre II. Essas reações empregaram condições reacionais relativamente brandas (DMF, 1,5h, 50-90 °C), foram altamente quimiosseletivas e apresentaram rendimentos entre 33-70%. Na segunda parte deste estudo, a síntese de 1-fenil-3-trifluormetil-1Hpirazóis a partir das 4-alcoxivinil-trifluormetil cetonas e das hidrazonas derivadas da fenilhidrazina foi descrita. Essas heterociclizações foram altamente seletivas, apresentaram bons rendimentos (40-93%) e ainda possibilitaram a obtenção de uma série de enaminonas inéditas como intermediários reacionais. Nas reações em que foram obtidas misturas de pirazóis isoméricos, os isômeros majoritários desejados foram isolados por cromatografia em coluna.

Dans un premier temps, la bis- et tris-fonctionnalisation du C60 a été effectuée par une approche macrocyclique. Différents bis- et tris-adduits du C60 ont été obtenus avec de bonnes régioselectivités. Dans un deuxième temps, la tris-fonctionnalisation du C60 a été effectuée par une approche « tête directrice ». Par cette approche, un accès rapide, simple, régio- et stéréo-sélectif à des tris-adduits e,e,e approprié à la formation d’hexa-adduits d’ordre d’addition octaédrique a été obtenu. La synthèse et la séparation de tris-adduits e,e,e optiquement purs ont également été réalisées. Les dérivés polyols obtenus par déprotection des groupes silylés ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la post-fonctionnalisation de multi-adduits de C60. A partir de nos méthodologies de synthèse de bis- et tris-adduits de C60, des synthons d’hexa-adduits mixtes de C60 ont été préparés. La post-fonctionnalisation de ces synthons a été effectuée par réaction de cycloaddition1,3-dipolaire de type Huisgen mais aussi par réaction d’estérification, afin d’obtenir des hexa-adduitsde C60 multifonctionnels. La méthodologie de synthèse d’hexa-adduits de C60 multifonctionnels aété mise à profit pour l’élaboration d’édifices hyperfonctionnels comportant plusieurs hexa-adduits de C60 autour d’un hexa-adduit de C60 central. La post-fonctionnalisation des synthons hexa-adduits mixtes par chimie « click » donne accès à la préparation contrôlée de nouveaux nanomatériaux globulaires multifonctionnels. / In a first instance, the bis- and tris-functionalization of C60 was performed by a macrocyclic approach. Different bis- and tris-adducts of C60 were obtained with good regioselectivity. In a second instance, the tris-functionalization of C60 was performed by a “tether-directed” approach. By this approach, a fast, simple, regio- and stereoselective access to C60 e,e,e tris-adduct suitable for the formation of C60 hexa-adducts with an octahedral addition pattern was obtained. The synthesis and the separation of optically pure e,e,e tris-adducts was also realized. The polyol derivatives obtained by deprotection of the silyl groups open new perspectives for the post-functionalization of C60 multiadducts. Using our synthesis methodologies of bis- and tris-adducts of C60, mixed hexa-adducts building blocks were prepared. The post-functionalization of these building blocks was carried out by copper catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions but also by esterification reactions to obtain multifunctional C60 hexa-adducts. The methodology for the synthesis of multifunctional C60 hexa-adducts was used for the elaboration of fullerodendrimers containing several C60 hexa-adducts around a central C60 hexa-adduct. The post-functionalization of the mixed hexa-adducts building blocks by “click” chemistry gave access to the controlled preparation of new globular and multifunctional nanomaterials.