L’application des concepts de la biologie évolutionnaire (BE) à la problématique de la réalité socioéconomique n’est pas un sujet nouveau dans certaines disciplines socioéconomiques, même si cette inspiration pour la problématique de la géographie socioéconomique, ou plutôt du développement régional, est plus récente et en général se fonde sur les applications réalisées notamment en économie. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’identifier de nouveaux concepts de la BE et de tenter de les appliquer aux sujets sélectionnés du développement régional directement, sans le rôle d’intermédiaire d’autres disciplines. L’attention est dans un premier temps prêtée à la recherche du cadre théorique convenable et d’un aperçu des concepts de la BE déjà appliqués aux sciences sociales. La seconde partie présente certains concepts de la BE pour lesquels les applications potentielles (par l’intermédiaire des analogies et des métaphores) aux thèmes choisis du développement régional ont été identifiées. Les concepts appliqués ont été divisés en quatre ensembles thématiques biologiques plus larges – l’adaptation, la coévolution, la sélection et la spéciation. L’application de la spéciation peut être probablement perçue comme la contribution la plus précieuse de la thèse. Elle s’appuie sur l’hypothèse qu’il est possible d’identifier certains traits analogues entre les concepts socioéconomiques path dependence et lock-in et les concepts de la BE concernant la spéciation et d’identifier et de classifier les mécanismes / structures qui fonctionnent comme des barrières socioéconomiques. / Application of the evolutionary biology concepts to socio-economic reality issues is not any new theme, even if this inspiration in socio-economic geography and especially in regional development is more recent and is based, in general, on already realized applications, mainly in economics. The main objective of the PhD thesis is thus an identification of hitherto non-applied evolutionary concepts, or to this time neglected biological aspects of already applied concepts and an attempt of their application to the selected themes of regional development without the intermediary role of other disciplines. In the first place, the attention is paid to the search of an appropriate theoretical approach and of the summary of already applied evolutionary concepts to the social sciences. Second part presents some evolutionary biology concepts where a potential for applications (based on the mediator role of analogies and metaphors) to the selected regional development issues was identified. Individual applied concepts were divided into four more complex thematic units – adaptation, co-evolution, selection and speciation. The application of the last concept could probably be considered as the most valuable contribution of the PhD thesis. It is based on the hypothesis that some analogical traits can be identified among socio-economic concepts of path dependence and lock-in and biological concepts linked with speciation and that the biological concepts can provide the general inspiration for identification of certain types of socio-economic barriers of development of regions and for an attempt to classify them.

The concentration of the population and socioeconomic activities in the Metropolitan Area of Port au Prince (MAPAP) in Haiti has a negative impact within MAPAP and on the socioeconomic development of the entire country. This phenomenon, known as urban primacy, is increasing at an unprecedented rate in developing countries. Urban primacy in the Third World is explained by scholars studying the phenomenon and by dependency theorists. Economic decentralization, based on growth pole theory, is one of the most frequently used policies for slowing the growth of primate cities by focusing on development poles. In Haiti, the potential growth poles are the regional capitals that have a constitutional mandate to promote and manage the development of their region. I have tested some of the assumptions of dependency and growth pole theories on Haiti, using the eight regional capitals as units of analysis. Using migration, geographic, and socioeconomic data, I have identified the strongest poles and explained their attraction power and formulated policy recommendations that will increase the chances of successfully implementing economic decentralization. The research design is the case study. The data show that MAPAP overshadows the regional capitals at the national level and within the capitals' own region, except for Cap Haïtien. However, the regional capitals are the primary destinations for migrants within their regions. The strongest poles are Cap Haïtien, Gonaives, and Port de Paix. Their attraction power is explained primarily by their population size and by their connections to the international market. Due to the selection criteria of the units of analysis and the limitations of the data used, the support and rejection of the growth pole and dependency theories hypotheses are not conclusive for the testing of these theories in Haiti or the Third World. The Haitian government needs to be more aggressive in addressing the consequences of urban primacy by implementing a comprehensive economic decentralization. The January 12, 2010, earthquake brought light on the issues raised by this study. Fortunately, the Haitian government has expressed its vision for the rebuilding of Haiti with an emphasis on decentralizing socioeconomic activities outside of MAPAP.

The thesis is focused on the possibilities of municipal cooperation in the Czech Republic, specifically on voluntary groups of municipalities. The aim is to analyse their activities and the advantages they bring to the involved municipalities. In the theoretical part, the various possibilities of municipal cooperation are generally outlined. Further, some important terms and aspects of regional development and municipal cooperation are explained, including the most important preconditions for such cooperation. In the practical part two examples of municipal cooperation are shown - The group of municipalities of the river Desná valley and Jesenicko Micro-region. Basic information about those subjects, their formation and activities including their most important projects can be found in here. The last two chapters deal with comparison of both micro-regions, especially in the fields of fundraising and management. They include also the results of the structured interviews with some of the representatives of involved municipalities and the data gained from a survey carried out among the citizens of some of those municipalities.

The aim of thesis is to identify factors for future tourism development in Decin region. The theoretical part deals with general definition of tourism its position in the national economy and also outlines the importance of tourism for the regional and microregional development in Czech Republic. The practical part is focused on tourism in Decin region. Firstly, the basic and supporting infrastructure of tourism is defined by description, the areas of possible further development of the region are identified and the economic impact of tourism on the selected area is hypothesized. Consequently, the range of accommodation facilities and services for tourists in Decin region are evaluated by the questionnaire survey. The representative sample of 13 facilities, ie 10% of total, is randomly selected of the 131 providers of accommodation services. The structure of facilities and the quality of its services is identified by the synthesis of the data. In conclusion, the results may help us to determinate the temporary situation in accommodation services, to indentify the main barriers of the tourist development and to suggest possible improvements and funding for further tourism development in Decin region.

This thesis is focused on people migration in the Czech republic. It is concentrated on important migration flows in terms of territory units of this country and is referred to recently general trends of migration. There is analysed migration in terms of individual demografic indicators such as age, sex or marital status. The essential part of this thesis is attended to migration in Středočeský kraj. There is described the main migration flows in this territory unit. It explains the suburbanization process between this unit and the capital of the Czech republic. At the conclusion of this work migration is assessed in terms of long- term regional development.

This diploma thesis focuses on development of tourism in terms of regional development on example of region of Slovacko. The primary objective of my thesis is to identify main challenges and barriers of further development and to provide recommendation and suggestions for development of tourism in the region of Slovacko. The first part of my thesis introduces the general role of tourism in regional development. Here, I describe conditions and background of tourist development both in the Czech Republic and in the European Union. As tourism is a significant part of national economics I pay attention to relation between development of tourism and national economy. Furthermore, there is a definition of the Concept of national tourism policy which specifies different authorities dealing with the management of tourism at various levels. The second part of the thesis deals with the region of Slovacko, its definition and basic characteristics with specific emphasis on the region's high tourism potential. The practical part analyses a role of the Association of entrepreneurs of tourism in the Hodonin district. There is a characterization and evaluation of the association's activities and projects that have been approved and implemented in the region of Slovacko. Based on my questionnaire survey given to the members of this association I try to find out what the major barriers of the tourism development are and how to reduce the obstacles. The conclusion summarizes the main barriers and limits and on the basis of the analysis I formulate recommendations and suggestions for further activities in the region.

The diploma thesis is focused on the problems of financial engineering instruments and specific methods for the use of credit instruments in the theories of regional development with special reference to initiative JESSICA. Analytical part contains theoretical and methodological context of the implementation of JESSICA in the UK and Poland. On the basis of the comparison of urban structures and experience with the initiative are assess the backgrounds, conditions and barriers of JESSICA implementation in the Czech Republic. The key added value of the thesis is the estimation of the critical issues for the implementation of JESSICA on a basis of a case study of Moravia-Silesia cohesion region.

This thesis deals with cultural monuments and appreciation their importance in regional development. This work monitors microregion Pelhřimov. The main goal of this thesis is analysis of position cultural monuments and finding their importance in microregion Pelhřimov. This goal reaches with questonnaire survey and quided interview. Additional goal attendances by selected subjects. Partial objective is analysis of secondary data in strategic planes and financial mechanisms that is as instrument to achievment the main goal.

O federalismo é elemento fundamental para a compreensão do desenvolvimento nacional e regional brasileiro. A federação no Brasil ainda está em construção, devendo ser aperfeiçoada, a fim de que possa se tornar um elemento de articulação entre o desenvolvimento nacional e regional. Para tal, é necessária uma adequação dos mecanismos tradicionais da federação, como a distribuição de competências e fundos constitucionais, a uma política nacional de desenvolvimento regional, que vise contribuir para uma mitigação das desigualdades regionais. Neste sentido, busca-se analisar as origens do federalismo brasileiro, bem como a estrutura dos mecanismos constitucionais relevantes aos temas essenciais deste Trabalho. / Federalism is fundamental to the understanding of national and regional development in Brazil. The federation in Brazil is still in an improvement process and shall be improved in order that it may become an element of coordination between the national and regional development. For this reason, an adaptation is needed in the traditional mechanisms of the federation, such as the distribution of competencies and constitutional fiscal funds in order to achieve national policy for regional development. This is an important contribution to a mitigation of regional disparities. In this sense, this dissertation seeks to analyze the origins of Brazilian federalism, and the structure of the relevant constitutional mechanisms to the essencial topics of the present work.

A ampliação da infraestrutura dos transportes assume um papel de importância e destaque nos planejamentos estatais na América do Sul a partir do século XX. Nesse âmbito, o olhar cada vez maior aos recursos da Amazônia, assim como à sua posição estratégica para a maior integração regional torna essa área como uma das principais fronteiras de desenvolvimento do mundo. Neste trabalho resgataremos importantes estudos geopolíticos e econômicos argumentando desde o primeiro capítulo sobre a importância da integração física através da intermodalidade de transportes para o desenvolvimento intrarregional da região amazônica, a qual configura o objetivo central desta pesquisa. Para cumprirmos este objetivo desenvolvemos um texto de cinco capítulos com o primeiro apresentando ao leitor o embasamento teórico geopolítico que nos ajuda a compreender as dinâmicas de integração física territorial, enfatizando a geopolítica do Brasil, Colômbia, Equador e Peru. Da mesma forma, o segundo capítulo contextualiza o leitor à temática infraestrutural para a Amazônia, apresentando valiosas contribuições de Bertha Becker e outros autores que avançam na temática transportes e desenvolvimento nessa região. Já o terceiro capítulo apresenta os principais panoramas que relacionam a ampliação da infraestrutura de transportes ao desenvolvimento, explicitando as iniciativas regionais recentes de integração física: a IIRSA e o COSIPLAN. O quarto capítulo apresenta então o Eixo Amazonas de Integração e seus projetos estruturantes, configurando nosso objeto de estudo. No último capítulo avançamos em sua caracterização, no intuito de demonstrar no período recente as principais relações econômicas e fluxos comerciais entre os países do Eixo Amazonas, além também de especificar os modais de transporte utilizados e os aspectos demográficos dessa região. Assim, analisando dados recentes relacionados a esses aspectos conjuntamente ao embasamento teórico apresentado, este trabalho espera contribuir aos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da Amazônia levando em conta a importância do planejamento da infraestrutura de transportes de acordo às especificidades geográficas, econômicas e sociais dessa região tão importante e estratégica. / The expansion of transport infrastructure plays an important and prominent role in state planning in South America in the twentieth century. In this context, the look increasing about resources of the Amazon area, as well as its strategic position for greater regional integration makes this area as a major development borders in world. In this work, we will redeem important geopolitical and economic studies arguing since the first chapter about the importance of physical integration through the intermodal transport for intra-regional development in the Amazon region, which constitutes the central objective of this research.In order to accomplish this objective we developed a text with five chapters with the first one presenting to the reader the geopolitical theoretical foundation that helps us understand the dynamics of territorial physical integration, emphasizing the geopolitics of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Similarly, the second chapter contextualizes the reader to infrastructural theme for the Amazon, with valuable contributions of Bertha Becker and others who advance the theme about transport and development in this region. In the third chapter, we present the main panoramas that relate the expansion of transport infrastructure to development, explaining the recent regional initiatives of physical integration: IIRSA and the COSIPLAN. The fourth chapter then presents the Amazon Integration Axis and its structuring projects, setting our object of study. In the last chapter we advance in its characterization, in order to demonstrate in recent years the main economic relations and trade flows between the countries of the Amazon Axis, in addition we also specify the modes of transport used and the demographics aspects of the region. Thus, analyzing recent data related to these aspects together the theoretical background presented, this research hopes to contribute to studies about socioeconomic development on the Amazon area, taking into account the importance of transport infrastructure planning according to geographical, economic and social characteristics of this important and strategic region.