Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-01T14:15:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALEXSANDER_BORGES_RIBEIRO_COMPLETO.pdf: 1525692 bytes, checksum: 8764c6213670fe6906ad40c5cb972f36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T14:15:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALEXSANDER_BORGES_RIBEIRO_COMPLETO.pdf: 1525692 bytes, checksum: 8764c6213670fe6906ad40c5cb972f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / This paper recalls the history of various health professions, starting with the origins and reaching the professionalization processes, both in Brazil and worldwide. The overall objective of the study is to analyze emblematic process of demarcation of borders professionals in the health field , occurred in the last decade in Brazil, one known as Ato M?dico (Medical Act) and the other as Mais M?dicos (More Doctors). Presents the current rules of the boundaries setting game. Identifies the players, divided into individual and collective actors involved, as well as veto players. Identifies the strategies that the actors used in both episodes, in an effort to reach their goals. Shows the results of the games or processes of demarcating boundaries on the healthcare field in Brazil. Conjectures that the liberalization of professional services, within the Mercosur, will face the resistance of the Brazilian physicians. Concludes that the demarcations of professional boundaries are imperfect processes, susceptible to class pressures, that the enlargement of the public sphere in combination with previous studies may have more satisfactory results in relation to the search of a common good. / Resgata a hist?ria de diversas profiss?es de sa?de, come?ando pelas origens e alcan?ando os processos de profissionaliza??es, tanto em n?vel mundial como brasileiro. O objetivo geral do estudo ? analisar processos emblem?ticos de demarca??o de fronteiras profissionais no campo da sa?de, ocorridos na ?ltima d?cada no Brasil, sendo um conhecido como ?Ato M?dico? e outro como ?Mais M?dicos?. Apresenta as atuais regras do jogo da demarca??o de fronteiras. Identifica os jogadores, divididos entre atores individuais e coletivos envolvidos, bem como os veto players. Identifica as estrat?gias que os atores utilizaram nos dois epis?dios, no esfor?o de alcan?ar seus objetivos. Mostra os resultados dos jogos ou dos processos demarcat?rios no campo da sa?de brasileira. Conjectura que a liberaliza??o dos servi?os profissionais, no ?mbito do Mercosul, enfrentar? a resist?ncia da classe m?dica brasileira. Conclui que as demarca??es de fronteiras profissionais s?o processos imperfeitos, suscet?veis ?s press?es classistas, que o alargamento da esfera p?blica em combina??o com estudos pr?vios pode apresentar resultados mais satisfat?rios em rela??o ? busca de um bem comum.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Simone Daniel Pereira.pdf: 539585 bytes, checksum: ecafc7836af384f97d846d0fe4d46e7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-07 / In the late two decades, the telecommunications sector passed through great transformations. On the one hand, the advent of the microelectronics base has provoked a technological revolution in the telecommunications industry, which resulted in new services, new transmission and switching equipment and the convergence with others segments of the electronic complex. On the other hand, a set of institutional and regulatory changes introduced in some developed countries, has brought important modifications in the organization of the sector all over the world. At the same time, with the increasing internationalization and integration processes between national economies (the well known globalization process), the telecommunications sector became the essential infrastructure for the participation of citizens, firms, regions and countries in the new international environment. The telecommunications industry is changing due to regulatory reasons and for emerging technologies that transformed the industry framework. Regulatory changes facilitate the privatization wave that happened in the end of the 1990 s, fostering competition in the sector. The technology convergence of telephony, information technology, television and internet, creates a new paradigm for this market. The market reconfiguration leads to acquisitions and mergers, motivated by the economy of scale necessary to bare the high fixed costs of technological infrastructure. / O setor de telecomunica??es vem passando por enormes transforma??es nas duas ?ltimas d?cadas. De um lado, a introdu??o da microeletr?nica provocou uma revolu??o tecnol?gica na ind?stria de telecomunica??es, que resultou no surgimento de novos servi?os, novos equipamentos de transmiss?o e comuta??o, bem como na converg?ncia com outros setores do complexo eletr?nico. De outro lado, um conjunto de mudan?as institucionais e regulat?rias foram rapidamente absolvidas nos pa?ses mais desenvolvidos, provocando altera??es significativas na estrutura do setor em todo o mundo. Paralelamente, o avan?o da internacionaliza??o e da integra??o entre as economias nacionais, amplamente conhecido como globaliza??o, tornou as telecomunica??es a infra-estrutura t?cnica fundamental para a inser??o de cidad?os, firmas, regi?es e pa?ses no ambiente econ?mico e social internacional. A ind?stria de telecomunica??es vem sofrendo mudan?as motivadas por quest?es regulat?rias e por tecnologias emergentes que transformam o cen?rio da ind?stria. As mudan?as regulat?rias propiciaram todo o movimento de privatiza??es que aconteceram no final dos anos 90, promovendo a competi??o no setor. A converg?ncia de tecnologias de telefonia, tecnologia de informa??o, televis?o e internet, criam um novo paradigma para o mercado. O realinhamento do mercado resulta em movimentos de fus?es e aquisi??es, motivados pelos ganhos de escala necess?rios para fazer frente aos altos custos fixos de infra-estrutura.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438290.pdf: 118212 bytes, checksum: 4acee1b8647a333ca0395ac929b6efb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Telework is the living example of the mutations of human relations, which are present in different ways from those observed during the industrial era. In postindustrialism is not possible to observe labor relations under the magnifying glass of the paradigms juslaborais built during the solid modernity, failing to derail the enjoyment of fundamental rights for teleworkers, as the new way of working ignores the geographical and temporal boundaries determinants so far in working relationships, enabling a revolution in existing capital-labor relations. This work faces the problem of the antiquity of the existing labor legislation that fails to give effect to fundamental rights earned over the years by workers because the base resistance under which it was forged, not allowing your application via interpretative without that violates the systematic legal Constitutional adopted. The legislative model liberal industrial not providing legal certainty for workers and employers by making an appropriate regulation of new forms of work in order that they can accomplish fundamental rights. For that we use as a paradigm of comparative labor law that Portugal has evolved and is weighted in relation to the conceptualization and limitation of telework, providing the desired social and legal security that is sought with the enactment of law. / O teletrabalho ? o exemplo vivo das muta??es das rela??es humanas, que se apresentam de formas diversas daquelas observadas durante a era industrial. No p?s-industrialismo n?o ? poss?vel se observar as rela??es trabalhistas sob a lupa dos paradigmas juslaborais constru?dos durante a modernidade s?lida, sob pena de se inviabilizar a frui??o dos direitos fundamentais aos teletrabalhadores, j? que a nova forma de trabalhar ignora os limites geogr?ficos e temporais at? ent?o determinantes nas rela??es de trabalho, permitindo uma revolu??o nas rela??es capital-trabalho existentes. A presente disserta??o enfrenta a problem?tica da antiguidade da legisla??o trabalhista existente que n?o consegue dar efetividade aos direitos fundamentais conquistados ao longo dos anos pelos trabalhadores em virtude da base de resist?ncia sob a qual foi forjada, n?o permitindo a sua aplica??o via interpretativa sem que se viole a sistem?tica jur?dica Constitucional adotada. O modelo legislativo liberal industrial n?o proporciona seguran?a jur?dica aos trabalhadores e empregadores fazendo-se necess?rio um a regulamenta??o das novas formas de trabalho a fim de que se possam efetivar os direitos fundamentais. Dentro da linha de pesquisa do programa de p?s gradua??o desta universidade, procurou-se demonstrar que a legisla??o atual, no estado em que se encontra n?o cumpre com o objetivo de efetivar os direitos fundamentais dos teletrabalhadores. Para tanto se utilizando como paradigma comparativo a legisla??o laboral de Portugal que apresenta-se evolu?da e ponderada em rela??o ? conceitua??o e limita??o do teletrabalho, proporcionando a almejada seguran?a social e jur?dica que se busca com a edi??o da lei.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariannaPP_DISSERT.pdf: 1396601 bytes, checksum: aaf52b34dbdc02a341c65518d94c4687 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Multilateral Trading System has evolved and presented new international mandatory rules to States. Along with the World Trade Organization constitutive treaty, Brazil has incorporated the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) in the national legal system. That treaty limits de scope of subsidies concession by governments since this practice can constitute a mechanism of commercial disloyalty, affecting national industrial development in the importing country. At the same time, the multilateral agreement grants defense legitimate instruments to States, among them the possibility of domestically and unilaterally imposing countervailing measures to subsidized products that enter the national territory. Since the issue concerns both international and domestic level in complementary grounds, this research, besides investigating the treaty related obligation, aims at studying the national legal fundaments to ASCM s application by the Brazilian State. Therefore, the essential point resides in the State s conduction of its international trading and also in its available and constitutionally established mechanisms of economic intervention. State s regulating power reveals itself as a fundamental prerogative to succeed in the internalization of international agreement s requirements in the domestic legal system, which represents a basic prerequisite to the implementation of countervailing measures. Once the whole normative outlines are apprehended, this study shall scan the administrative process of trading defense main elements, along with the means of controlling public administration acts. The action taken by the public organs that directly intervene in foreign trade shall be analyzed as well, so as to enable reasoning if the unilateral application of countervailing duties by the Brazilian State is happening on legitimacy grounds / O Sistema Multilateral do Com?rcio evoluiu e adveio com normas internacionais de cumprimento obrigat?rio pelos Estados. Juntamente com o acordo constitutivo da Organiza??o Mundial do Com?rcio, o Brasil incorporou em seu ordenamento jur?dico interno o Acordo sobre Subs?dios e Medidas Compensat?rias (ASMC). Este tratado internacional limita a margem de concess?o de subs?dios pelos governos em raz?o de a pr?tica poder constituir um mecanismo de deslealdade comercial, afetando o desenvolvimento da ind?stria nacional do pa?s importador. Ao mesmo tempo, o acordo multilateral outorga aos Estados instrumentos leg?timos de defesa, dentre os quais se destaca a aplica??o, a n?vel interno e de maneira unilateral, de medidas compensat?rias aos produtos que adentrarem o territ?rio nacional com o incentivo das subven??es. Em se tratando de mat?ria em que as ?rbitas internacional e interna complementam-se, a presente pesquisa, al?m de perscrutar acerca dos deveres oriundos do tratado internacional, prontifica-se a estudar os fundamentos jur?dicos dom?sticos para a aplica??o do ASMC pelo Brasil. A quest?o insere-se, por conseguinte, na condu??o estatal de seu com?rcio internacional e tamb?m nos mecanismos de interven??o na ordem econ?mica, consagrados constitucionalmente. O poder regulamentar do Estado brasileiro revela-se fundamental para a internaliza??o dos requisitos do acordo internacional no ordenamento jur?dico p?trio, o que, inclusive, representa requisito basilar para a aplica??o das medidas compensat?rias. Uma vez compreendido todo o arcabou?o normativo pertinente, este estudo procurar? deslindar os elementos essenciais do processo administrativo de defesa comercial, juntamente com os meios de controle da administra??o p?blica. A conduta dos ?rg?os p?blicos diretamente envolvidos no tratamento do com?rcio exterior brasileiro ser?, finalmente, analisada, como forma de se apreender se a implementa??o unilateral dos direitos compensat?rios pelo Estado brasileiro ocorre, como deve ser, de maneira leg?tima

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelAFD.pdf: 2178470 bytes, checksum: c9994d5f64caab4ca2d21b20e964ccdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The objective of this research is the verification of the competition in the intecity market, after the entrance of new competitors (vans and microbus) regulated and clandestine. For verification of this new view was effected one research of documentary character for the knowledge of the regulation and exploratory character of the system Natal - territory of the Serid?, for thus in making will know this problematic, well as its characteristics, attractivenesses and development of the territory of the Serid?, and its link with the Capital (Natal). Later, through a descriptive exploratory research of the type survey with the passengers to know as these are being taken care and its satisfaction in relation to the regulated companies. With the drivers if focus effected one group, and with the staff of the of sale ticket a research survey, aiming at to know the strategies used for the only company of bus that takes care of the territory of the Serid?, the implantation of these and the consequence of the user. In accordance with the generic tipologia of Porter and its strategies, were perceived that the bus company adopted the strategy of price leadership being competitive, using to advantage its bigger space in the market, already vans and the microbuses with its limited participation bet in a strategy of "differentiation" in its service, effecting faster trips and in the strategy of "approach" we find the not regulated services earn the service to the taste of the user / O objetivo desta pesquisa ? a verifica??o da competi??o no mercado intermunicipal, ap?s a entrada de novos concorrentes (vans e micro?nibus) regulamentadas e ou clandestinas. Para verifica??o deste novo panorama efetuo-se uma pesquisa de car?ter documental para o conhecimento da regulamenta??o e car?ter explorat?rio do sistema Natal Regi?o do Serid?, para assim nos familiarizar com sua problem?tica, bem como suas caracter?sticas, atratividades e desenvolvimento da regi?o do Serid?, e seu elo com a Capital (Natal). Posteriormente, se realizou uma pesquisa explorat?ria descritiva do tipo survey com os passageiros para saber como estes est?o sendo atendidos e sua satisfa??o em rela??o ?s empresas regulamentadas. Com os motoristas se efetuou um focus group, e com o pessoal do guich? uma pesquisa survey, visando conhecer as estrat?gias utilizadas pela ?nica empresa de ?nibus que atende a regi?o do Serid?, a implanta??o destas e o reflexo do usu?rio. De acordo com a tipologia de Porter e suas estrat?gias gen?ricas, percebeu-se que a empresa de ?nibus adotou a estrat?gia de lideran?a de pre?o para ser competitiva, aproveitando a sua melhor coloca??o no mercado, j? as vans e os micro?nibus com sua limitada participa??o apostam numa estrat?gia de diferencia??o no seu servi?o, efetuando viagens mais r?pidas e na estrat?gia de enfoque encontramos os servi?os n?o regulamentares ganha no servi?o ao gosto do usu?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Marco Antonio Ferreira de Souza.pdf: 2114565 bytes, checksum: 0c343463353326e5371d4a8d0734a377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28 / Functional foods and nutraceuticals represent a kind of food that provides physiological and health benefits beside basic nutrition. Far from being conventional food, they are positioned as an alternative for some traditional and complimentary medicinal products. The first appearance of this novel type of food occurred in Japan in the 80?s, when some food were researched and used to tackle the progressive increase of health related diseases that promoted drastic drop in public health indices. This experience lead to the creation of a new product category initially called functional food, renamed later as food for special health use or FOSHU. The USA amplified this experience giving to it a remarkable visibility. Although they had not formalized a new product category this food begin to be called as nutraceutical. This new perspective of tackling the diet and health relation meant a significative change in the institutional environment of producing and promoting public health since it offers to agro food system players a primacy up to now permitted only to Pharmaceuticals Company. This thesis searched to provide a wide visibility panel of the raising of this novel type of food and an analysis of its repercussion on the agro food system. It began with the characterization of food provisioning modes considering the centrality exerted by quality over the agro food system competition dynamics. Convention economy concepts were applied to uncover different food quality justifications. An institutionalization approach was assumed in order to provide a deep compreenhension of the meaning of these novel types of food and of its raising. It resulted in a framework that accounted for three different arenas in that the process itself develops: scientific, regulatory and market. The analysis involved the experiences of Brasil, Japan, USA and European Union. Even though this process represent a new momentum for the agro food question, it favors most those player concerned with the industrial mode of food provisioning, mainly the ingredient and final food industry giants. Those players concerned with alternative food initiatives face obstacles related to complex regulatory framework and scientific requirements. These reflect the trend of regulatory framework in focusing on functional substances rather than products, even those in natura. To come into reality functional foods and nutraceuticals demands truly value systems based on the complex coordination of expensive and time-consuming scientific and productive activities. All of them completely adverse for small and medium size companies to cope with. / Alimentos funcionais e nutrac?uticos s?o apresentados como alimentos que, al?m de suas fun??es b?sicas nutricionais, demonstram benef?cios fisiol?gicos e/ou reduzem o risco de doen?as cr?nicas. Eles se afastam dos alimentos ditos convencionais e ficam posicionados como produtos diferenciados e uma alternativa para o processo de cuidado com a sa?de. Tais alimentos acabam dividindo com alguns produtos da medicina tradicional e alternativa o importante espa?o simb?lico de produ??o de sa?de. A primeira experi?ncia pr?tica ocorreu no Jap?o nos anos 80, quando o governo estimulou a pesquisa e uso de alimentos como aliados na melhoria dos ?ndices de sa?de publica do pa?s. O esfor?o originou o conceito de alimentos funcionais e estimulou a cria??o de uma categoria de alimentos classificada como alimentos funcionais, mais tarde modificada para FOSHU ou food for special health purpose. Nos EUA essa experi?ncia foi amplificada e esses alimentos s?o mais conhecidos como nutrac?uticos, por?m sem reconhecimento formal. Esta nova perspectiva para abordar a rela??o dieta e sa?de representa uma mudan?a significativa no ambiente institucional relativo a produ??o e promo??o de sa?de p?blica, pois concede aos atores do sistema agroalimentar uma primazia at? ent?o permitida apenas ?s empresas de medicamentos. Esta tese teve como objetivo a constru??o de um amplo painel de visibilidade da ascens?o desses novos alimentos, baseado na descri??o da trajet?ria desses termos e na an?lise das repercuss?es dessa transforma??o institucional sobre a quest?o agroalimentar. A quest?o agroalimentar foi caracterizada a partir da an?lise das modalidades correntes de fornecimento de alimento, objetivo alcan?ado atrav?s do uso dos conceitos da Economia das Conven??es. Para fins de conceitua??o e descri??o da trajet?ria procurou-se caracterizar o processo de institucionaliza??o dos novos alimentos, explorando os aspectos cient?ficos, regulamentares e mercadol?gicos. Al?m do Brasil foram analisadas as experi?ncias japonesa, americana e europ?ia. Embora represente um novo momento para a quest?o agroalimentar, verificou-se que a institucionaliza??o favorece principalmente aos atores associados ? modalidade industrial de fornecimento de alimentos: ind?stria processadora e fabricantes de alimentos finais. Em detrimentos aos interesses de projetos alternativos de fornecimento de alimentos com qualidade diferenciada, como os org?nicos e a produ??o local. Os pa?ses que aderiram a esta reclassifica??o dos alimentos t?m privilegiado a cria??o de complexas estruturas regulamentares para avaliar e liberar o uso de alega??es de sa?de para alimentos e o foco sobre subst?ncias e n?o sobre os alimentos, mesmo aqueles in natura. Para se tornarem realidade, tais alimentos demandam a cria??o de verdadeiros sistemas de valor que implicam a coordena??o de atividades cient?ficas e produtivas bastante onerosas para pequenas e m?dias empresas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloJLN_TESE.pdf: 2504955 bytes, checksum: 9bb23c4d630272ceb14882cfea97f217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation / Nas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XX a rec?m institu?da Rep?blica brasileira enfrentou o desafio de modernizar o pa?s. Considerando que o progresso estava associado ao esgotamento das reservas florestais e ?s altera??es clim?ticas, duas grandes quest?es se destacaram como fundamentais: Combater as Secas e Defender as Florestas; encampadas por profissionais que se dedicaram a esses ideais. Esta investiga??o parte da premissa que esses foram os principais desafios impostos pela natureza ao desenvolvimento brasileiro. O objetivo geral foi delimitado na busca por entender a acep??o e a concep??o do mundo natural por esse conjunto de profissionais diante do embate entre modernizar o pa?s e conservar os recursos naturais. Visando contribuir com a constru??o da hist?ria ambiental brasileira e trazer elementos hist?ricos ao debate sobre o meio ambiente no pa?s, debru?a-se sobre as an?lises, as discuss?es e a??es que antecederam a regulamenta??o do uso dos recursos naturais e a implementa??o da legisla??o ambiental no Brasil, ocorrida em 1934. A investiga??o tem como aporte metodol?gico as dire??es te?ricas da hist?ria ambiental, utilizando fontes de dados pouco exploradas e valorizadas. Para tanto, toma-se como ponto de partida os artigos publicados sobre o tema no per?odo de 1889 a 1934 em dois peri?dicos t?cnicos a Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril e a Revista do Club de Engenharia. A engenharia nacional teve papel fundamental nesse processo ao discutir, projetar e construir o desenvolvimento. As propostas formuladas, ao serem divulgadas, fomentaram o intercambio com outros profissionais e favoreceram o avan?o das quest?es ambientais no Brasil, no sentido de preservar os recursos naturais, construir rela??es mais harm?nicas entre a sociedade e a natureza e equacionar o desenvolvimento e a preserva??o ambiental