Metapolybia wasps live in small societies (around one hundred adults) and rear their young in nests they construct on flat surfaces from plant materials. For processing nest paper, they must gather plant materials and process it into pulp with water. The water is collected by water foragers and is transferred to pulp foragers indirectly via a "common stomach." The common stomach, or social crop, is formed by generalist wasps called laborers. These wasps can engage in water exchange, store water in their crops, and may become specialist foragers or builders. We provide an alternative model for regulating task partitioning in construction behavior by using an agent based modeling framework parameterized by our field observations. Our model predicts that assessing colony needs via individual interactions with the common stomach leads to a robust regulation of task partitioning in construction behavior. By using perturbation experiments in our simulations, we show that this emergent task allocation is able to dynamically adapt to perturbations of the environment and to changes in colony-level demands or population structure. The robustness of our model stems from the fact that the common stomach is both a strong buffer and a source of several feedback mechanisms that affect the individual wasps. We show that both the efficiency and the task fidelity of these colonies are dependent upon colony size. We also demonstrate that the emergence of specialist wasps (individuals with high task fidelity) does not require any special initial conditions or reinforcement at the individual level, but it is rather a consequence of colony-level workflow stability. Our model closely mimics the behavior of Metapolybia wasps, demonstrating that a regulation mechanism based on simple pair-wise interactions through a common stomach is a plausible hypothesis for the organization of collective behavior.

Metapolybia wasps construct their nests on flat surfaces using plant materials, which they process into paper. For processing the pulp wasps need water, which is collected by water foragers, and it is transferred to pulp foragers indirectly via a "common stomach." The common stomach is formed by generalist wasps that can engage in water exchange and can store water in their crops. Our goal is to provide an alternative model for regulating task partitioning in construction behavior, focusing on worker connectivity instead of using threshold curves to model mechanisms of colony-level regulation. We propose that the existence of an information center and of a network of worker interactions, which establish sets of positive and negative feedbacks, allow collective regulation of colony-wide behaviors. Using a Stock and Flow modeling framework, we illustrate that the common stomach could serve both as a temporal storage for water and also as a source of information about the colony's current demands related to nest construction tasks. Our model predicts that assessing colony needs via individual interactions with the common stomach leads to a robust regulation of task partitioning in construction behavior. Using perturbation experiments in our simulations, we show that this emergent task allocation is able to dynamically adapt to perturbations of the environment and to changes in colony-level demands or population structure. Our model closely mimics and predicts the behavior of Metapolybia wasps, demonstrating that the regulation mechanism based on worker connectivity through a common stomach is a plausible hypothesis for the organization of collective behavior.

Background: The Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire (SREBQ) is an economical way of assessing an individual’s self-regulatory abilities regarding eating behavior. Such scales are needed in the German population; therefore, the purpose of the present study was the translation and validation of a German version of the SREBQ. Method: First, we conducted a pilot study (Study 1; N = 371) after the translation procedure. Second, we assessed the final scale in a representative sample of the German population (Sample 2; N = 2,483) and its underlying factor structure. Further, we tested for measurement invariance and evaluated the SREBQ’s associations with related scales to explore convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, we considered differences in SREBQ based on sociodemographic variables and provided derived reference scores (norm values). Results: Factor analysis revealed deficiencies in the original model. Thus, we shortened the scale based on statistical considerations and the adapted version showed improved fit in Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability. We also found evidence for partial strict invariance, which means the measure is equivalent for the tested groups of age and gender. Item and scale psychometric properties of the shortened version were satisfactory. In terms of diagnostic validity, it was shown that individuals with higher body mass index (kg/m2) have worse self-regulation of eating behavior than those with lower. Conclusion: In sum, the SREBQ evidenced good validity and reliability and is suitable for application in medical, psychological, and nutritional research.

The aim of this work was to describe available elements from quadcopter model, build the model, describe possible autonomous behavior in space and realize chosen algorithm.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, двух разделов, заключения, списка литературы (72 источника) и пяти приложений. Объем магистерской диссертации 114 страниц, работа включает 6 рисунков и 29 таблиц. Цель работы – анализ особенностей осознанной саморегуляции поведения практикующих психологов, определяющих их способность достигать поставленные цели в различных видах психической активности и практической деятельности. Объект исследования – осознанная саморегуляция поведения. Методы исследования: методы теоретического анализа и синтеза, статистической обработки эмпирических данных, описательной статистики, сравнительного и корреляционного анализа, интерпретативные методы. Результаты работы: когнитивно-регуляторный процесс «программирование действий» и личностно-регуляторное свойство «надежность» являются наиболее значимыми ресурсами деятельности практикующих психологов. Сформированность ресурсов саморегуляции прямо связана с эмоциональной устойчивостью, активностью и жизнестойкостью. Область применения полученных результатов: профессиональная деятельность практикующих психологов. Значимость работы: результаты исследования могут быть применены на практике для поддержания эффективного функционального состояния и снижения риска возникновения профессиональных деформаций и выгорания у практикующих психологов. / The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two sections, a conclusion, a list of references (72 sources) and five appendices. The volume of the master's thesis is 114 pages, the work includes 6 figures and 29 tables. The purpose of the work is to analyze the features of conscious self-regulation of the behavior of counseling psychologists, which determine their ability to achieve their goals in various types of mental activity and practical activities. The object of the research is conscious self-regulation of behavior. Research methods: methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, statistical processing of empirical data, descriptive statistics, comparative and correlation analysis, interpretative methods. Results of the work: the cognitive-regulatory process "programming of actions" and the personal-regulatory property "reliability" are the most significant resources for the activity of counseling psychologists. The formation of self-regulation resources is directly related to emotional stability, activity and vitality. The scope of the obtained results is the professional activity of counseling psychologists. The significance of the work: the results of the study can be applied in practice to maintain an effective functional state and reduce the risk of professional deformations and burnout among counseling psychologists.