Global ETD Search

1	Deciphering Gene Regulatory Mechanisms Through Multi-omics Integration Chen, Duojiao 09 1900 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Complex biological systems are composed of many regulatory components, which can be measured with the advent of genomics technology. Each molecular assay is normally designed to interrogate one aspect of the cell state. However, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanism requires characterization from multiple levels such as genome, epigenome, and transcriptome. Integration of multi-omics data is urgently needed for understanding the global regulatory mechanism of gene expression. In recent years, single-cell technology offers unprecedented resolution for a deeper characterization of cellular diversity and states. High-quality single-cell suspensions from tissue biopsies are required for single-cell sequencing experiments. Tissue biopsies need to be processed as soon as being collected to avoid gene expression changes and RNA degradation. Although cryopreservation is a feasible solution to preserve freshly isolated samples, its effect on transcriptome profiles still needs to be investigated. Investigation of multi-omics data at the single-cell level can provide new insights into the biological process. In addition to the common method of integrating multi-omics data, it is also capable of simultaneously profiling the transcriptome and epigenome at single-cell resolution, enhancing the power of discovering new gene regulatory interactions. In this dissertation, we integrated bulk RNA-seq with ATAC-seq and several additional assays and revealed the complex mechanisms of ER–E2 interaction with nucleosomes. A comparison analysis was conducted for comparing fresh and frozen multiple myeloma single-cell RNA sequencing data and concluded that cryopreservation is a feasible protocol for preserving cells. We also analyzed the single-cell multiome data for mesenchymal stem cells. With the unified landscape from simultaneously profiling gene expression and chromatin accessibility, we discovered distinct osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells and different associations with bone disease-related traits. We gained a deeper insight into the underlying gene regulatory mechanisms with this frontier single-cell mutliome sequencing technique. gene regulatory mechanism multi-omics single-cell
2	Post-translational Regulation of Plant Fatty Acid Desaturases as Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bourassa, Linda 16 May 2008 (has links) Differences have been shown in the steady-state accumulation and half-lives between Brassica FAD3 (BF3) and tung FAD3 (TF3) proteins expressed in yeast cells cultured at 30°C. TF3 has a greater steady-state accumulation and longer half-life than BF3. These differences are attributed to post-translational modification and have been shown to be controlled by an Nterminal element. I attempted to determine specific amino acids important for regulation, and further characterize the mechanism contributing to the differences. Through site-directed mutagenesis, it was shown that replacing lysine residues with asparagines in the BF3 and TF3 Ntermini increased protein stability, while replacing an asparagine with lysine in the TF3 Nterminus decreased its stability. Furthermore, I showed that the TF3 polyglutamic region (six consecutive glutamic acid residues) is primarily responsible for the higher steady-state amount of TF3 in comparison to BF3. This negatively charged region likely acts as an electrostatic shield protecting the protein from degradation. plant fatty acid desaturase N-terminal degradation post-translational modification regulatory mechanism polyglutamic acid ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis
3	La biopolítica en la España franquista Cayuela Sánchez, Salvador 30 June 2010 (has links) En la tesis doctoral La biopolítica en la España franquista, el autor ha analizado la configuración, desarrollos, objetivos y particularidades de la biopolítica desarrollada en España durante el régimen del General Franco, desde su instauración en 1939 hasta su final en 1975. Dicha exploración se ha basado en el análisis de toda una serie de dispositivos biopolíticos -disciplinarios y reguladores-, encargados fundamentalmente de hacer aumentar las fuerzas de la nación y de disminuir la capacidad contestataria de los individuos. Todo ello ha mostrado al tiempo las características de aquello que podríamos llamar la gubernamentalidad franquista, articulada en base a unas formas determinadas de conducción de conductas capaces de elaborar a su vez ciertos modelos de subjetividad que habrían conformado, no sin resistencias, al sujeto idiosincrásico de la España franquista: a saber, el homo patiens. / In my Ph.D The Biopolitics in the Spanish Francoism, I analyzed the configuration, developements and specific objectives of the biopolitics developed in Spain during the Franco Regime, since its inception in 1939 until its end in 1975. This exploration is based in the analysis of some biopolitics dispositives -disciplinary and regulatory-, that is primarly responsable to increase the strength of the nation and to decrease the non-conformist ability of individuals. The conclusion of this research also shows the features of the Francoism's guvernmentality, that are articulated on the basics of certain shapes of driving behavior that is able at the same time to create certain models of subjectivity with its resistentes, and to build a characteristic subjectivity of Franco's Spain: the homo patiens. homo patiens resistances subjectivity models Francoism's gouvernmentality regulatory mechanism disciplinary dispositives Fascism Francoism biopolitics homo patines resistencias modelos de subjetividad gubernamentalidad franquista mecanismos reguladores dispositivos disciplinarios fascismo franquismo biopolítica Filosofía 14 17 32
4	Manipulations des végétaux par les organismes endophytes : mécanismes physiologiques, signalisation et conséquences nutritionnelles chez un insecte mineur de feuilles / Plant manipulation by endophagous organisms : physiological mechanisms, signaling, and nutritional consequences in a leaf-miner insect Body, Mélanie 11 December 2013 (has links) Les insectes endophytophages, tels que les insectes foreurs de tiges, les galligènes et les mineurs de feuilles, vivent et se nourrissent à l’intérieur des végétaux. L'hypothèse de l'alimentation sélective stipule que ces organismes endophytes possèdent un avantage adaptatif par rapport aux ectophages en accédant aux tissus les plus nutritifs tout en évitant les principaux composés défensifs de la plante. Ce comportement d’alimentation sélective peut être également renforcé par une manipulation de la physiologie de la plante comme cela a été démontré chez les insectes galligènes mais également suggéré chez certains insectes mineurs. Ces derniers sont en effet capables d’induire un phénotype « îles vertes » qui se manifestent par la persistance de la photosynthèse au niveau de la zone minée à l'automne alors que le reste de la feuille entre en sénescence et jaunit. L’objectif de notre étude a été d’étudier, en conditions de terrain, les capacités de manipulation du végétal dans le système Malus domestica / Phyllonorycter blancardella. Cet insecte hautement spécialisé complète l’ensemble de son développement dans une zone restreinte d’une seule feuille. / Endophytophagous insects, such as stem-boring, gall-forming and leaf-mining insects, live within plant tissues and feed internally. The selective feeding hypothesis states that this life-style presumably provides adaptive advantages for the insect over other external-feeding modes by allowing access to most nutritional tissues while avoiding main plant defensive compounds. This selective feeding behavior can be reinforced by manipulating the plant physiology which has been clearly demonstrated in gallers but also suggested in leaf-miner insects due to the autumnal formation of “green islands” around mining caterpillars in yellow leaves. This study aimed to investigate, under field conditions, the ability of insects to manipulate their host-plant in the Malus domestica / Phyllonorycter blancardella biological system. This insect is highly specialized and entirely develops within a restricted area of a single leaf. We first characterized the plant-insect interface by describing larval mouthparts and leaf anatomy alterations resulting from the insect feeding activity. Interactions plantes-insectes Écologie nutritionnelle des insectes Homéostasie nutritionnelle Manipulation de la plante-hôte Métabolisme primaire des plantes Phénotype étendu Îles vertes Symbiose nutritionnelle Insectes endophytophages Mineuses de feuilles Phyllonorycter blancardella Malus domestica Wolbachia Cytokinines Sucres Acides aminés Plant-insect interactions Insect nutritional ecology Nutritional homeostasis Host-plant manipulation Plant primary metabolism Extended phenotype Green-islands Nutritional symbiosis Endophytophagous insects Leaf-miner Phyllonorycter blancardella Malus domestica Wolbachia Cytokinins Sugars Amino acids

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