The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between ambivalent sexism, gender related system justification and religious orientation with attitudes toward physical wife abuse (APWA). APWA are investigated in three facets, namely justifiability (JPWA), perceived functionality (PFPWA) and consequences (ACPWA). As measurement tools, Attitudes toward Physical Wife Abuse Scale, Content Domains for Justification of Physical Wife Abuse Scale, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), Ambivalence toward Men Inventory (AMI), Revised Muslim Religious Orientation Scale (MROS-R), Gender Related System Justification Scale (GSJ) and demographic information form were used. Although a total of 385 student and non-student participants responded the questionnaire, only 303 (119 males, 184 females) participants who stated their religion to be Islam were included in the study for accurate assessment of Muslim religious orientation. The age range of the participants was between 17 and 72 (M=27.30 / SD= 8.68). Since women and men significantly differed with respect to their APWA, separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted in order to further observe the differences between them. Although there were slight differences in unique contributions of the variables for the three subscales of APWAS and for men and women, a general pattern was drawn in which results revealed that intrinsic religious orientation and quest religious orientation were not related to any of the three dimensions of APWA whereas fundamentalist religious orientation was found to be a significant predictor of APWA. Among the dimensions of ASI and AMI, Hostile Sexism (HS) and Benevolence toward Men (BM) predicted more favorable attitudes toward the three dimensions of physical wife abuse, whereas hostility toward men (HM) and benevolent sexism (BS) predicted less favorable attitudes. GSJ was not found to have a unique contribution in predicting any of the three dimensions of APWA. The major contributions of the present study are / 1) Investigation of religious orientation as an individual difference affecting APWA first in a Muslim culture, 2) Investigating GSJ first in Turkey and first with relation to APWA and 3) Providing a detailed measurement tool for specific assessment of attitudes toward physical wife abuse in three dimensions and 4) Providing a re-constructed Muslim Religious Orientation Scale which was extended and improved in content, reliability and validity after revision.

This study explored interpersonal trust, racial identity, perceived racism, and religious orientation as predictors of preference for a Black counselor and cultural mistrust. The unique variance of interpersonal trust and cultural mistrust in predicting preference for a Black counselor was also explored. The relationship between cultural mistrust and interpersonal trust was tested to determine whether or not they are independent constructs. This study also examined the relationship between racial identity and religious orientation. Gender differences in religious orientation, cultural mistrust and preference for a Black counselor were examined. Previous studies provide support that cultural mistrust contributes to negative help-seeking attitudes and underutilization of mental health services. Researchers have identified racial identity and perceived racism as correlates to and/or predictors of cultural mistrust and preference for a Black counselor (Whaley, 2001). This study involved participants recruited in part from the Educational Psychology (EDP) Subject Pool at The University of Texas at Austin (UT). Participants were also recruited from five student organizations at UT. Participants completed the survey using an online survey tool or a paper copy of the survey. One stratum was used for selection of participants: students who racially identify as African-American or Black. Results of the study revealed interpersonal trust as a significant predictor of preference for a Black counselor. However, exploratory analyses indicated that cultural mistrust served as the sole predictor of Black counselor preference when seeking a counselor for dealing with racial concerns. Interpersonal trust, immersion-emersion anti-white racial identity attitudes (IEAW) and extrinsic religious orientation were significant predictors of cultural mistrust. Results also indicated a positive relationship between Internalization Multiculturalist (IMCI) racial identity attitudes and intrinsic religious orientation. A negative correlation was found to exist between intrinsic religious orientation and IEAW. High cultural mistrust levels were also positively associated with high IEAW attitudes. Additionally, a small, yet statistically significant negative relationship was found to exist between cultural mistrust and interpersonal trust. Cultural mistrust did not account for a significant amount of variance above that of interpersonal trust in predicting preference for a Black counselor. Finally, no mean sex differences were found among levels of Black counselor preference, cultural mistrust, and intrinsic or extrinsic religious orientation. Exploratory analyses also revealed a positive relationship between cultural mistrust and seven out of ten scenarios for Black counselor preference. Individuals with a preference for a Black counselor reported higher levels of cultural mistrust related to issues concerning: excessive worry/anxiety, drinking too much alcohol/using drugs, relationship problems, feelings of harassment/feeling threatened, sexual issues, racial issues, and difficulty controlling anger. Results of the study bear implications for understanding cultural mistrust and interpersonal trust as it relates to counselor preference. Implications for counselors are also discussed regarding the intersection of racial and religious identities. Limitations and future directions for research are also discussed. / text

The study assessed the interplay among literacy, church activity, and religious orientation and examined the extent to which literacy predicts church activity in the presence of private religious behavior. One hundred fifty-seven subjects were administered measures of intrinsic religiousness, extrinsic religiousness, literacy levels and measures of church activity. The findings from this study suggest that literacy is related to activity, but in a way that is more complex than many investigators have considered. The results of the multiple regression analysis helped clarify the ability of literacy to predict church activity in the presence of religious orientation. Results further indicated that in the presence of the others, only intrinsic religiosity maintained its significant predictive ability. Implications for research and theory are discussed.

Eating disorders are public health problems that are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. Research has shown that the etiology of eating disorders is multifaceted, and includes physical, socioemotional, and generic risk factors. One area that predicts eating disorder behaviors is religious orientation; however, the literature on the relationship between eating disorder symptomology and religious orientation has been mixed. Religious orientation is defined as reason for engaging in religious practice. People who have an intrinsic religious orientation live their religion instead of using their religion, and people with an extrinsic religious orientation use their religion to help them achieve their goals instead of living their religion. To help fill this deficit, this study looked at the relationship between religious orientation (extrinsic vs. intrinsic), age, and eating disorder symptomology. Participants for this study included 213 adult women of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints attending a large western university. This study found a positive correlation between bulimic symptomology and an extrinsic religious orientation. No correlation was shown for age or intrinsic religious orientation, and age did not mediate eating disorder symptomology. No correlation was shown for oral control or dieting among participants. These findings can be used to inform therapists of the relationship between bulimic symptomology and an extrinsic religious orientation, and may inform interventions chosen in treatment for individuals with bulimia nervosa, particularly among Latter-day Saint women.

According to recent research, Latter-day Saint young people are achieving desirable social outcomes at a higher rate than their peers of other backgrounds. As reasons for those findings have been offered, only social aspects of the LDS faith and culture have been given any attention. This thesis will provide an alternate interpretation of the data and provide new data through the administration of the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Results from the LDS ROS/NPI Study indicate that LDS young adults continue to score overly intrinsic on the ROS and score significantly lower on the NPI than their peers.

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This study introduces narcissistic entitlement as a correlate of homonegative attitudes and behaviors and examines the relative strength of relations along with established correlates of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), conformity with masculine norms, and intrinsic religious orientation. It also tests the role of negative attitudes towards lesbian women and gay men (ATLG) in mediating the relationship between the predictor variables and gay- and lesbian-rejecting and affirming behaviors. Implications for what these findings may offer psychologists are discussed, as are ways findings may inform the political process. Earlier studies support the link between entitlement and homonegativity (Exline, et al., 2004). Narcissism was positively related to dominance, neuroticism, social anxiety, and more aggressive/sadistic and rebellious/distrustful interpersonal styles (Emmons, 1984). Entitled narcissists are quick to take offense (McCullough, et al., 2003), externalize blame (Campbell, et al., 2000), and derogate or attack those who provide ego-threatening feedback or social rejection (Bushman, et al., 2003; Konrath, et al., 2006). Entitlement increases the risk of the narcissist becoming prone to hostile and reactive aggression and extreme violence, even without an ego-threat (Bushman, et al., 2003; Reidy, et al., 2008). Participants were recruited through the Department of Educational Psychology subject pool and data was collected by online survey. Given the focus on heterosexual men's attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men, participants were excluded from analysis if they identified as female, bisexual, or homosexual. Results indicated that entitlement, RWA, and intrinsic religiosity, but not conformity to masculine norms or SDO, were related uniquely to ATLG. ATLG was also related uniquely with measures of behavior, positively to gay- and lesbian-rejecting behaviors, and negatively with gay- and lesbian-affirming behaviors. ATLG was found to significantly mediate the links of entitlement and RWA with lesbian- and gay-rejecting behaviors. Results also indicated that the indirect link of intrinsic religious orientation with lesbian- and gay-rejecting behaviors was significant. Additionally, ATLG significantly mediated the links of entitlement with lesbian- and gay-affirming behaviors. Such an examination advances research and practice by identifying unique correlates of homonegative attitudes and the mechanisms through which they are related to lesbian- and gay-rejecting and -affirming behaviors. / text

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship that attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help have with religiosity and religious orientation among members of the Greek Orthodox Christian Church in the United States. In addition, this study also investigated the nature of the relationship that confessional involvement has with the following variables: intrinsic religious orientation, extrinsic religious orientation, religiosity, attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, and ethnic background. This is important because Greek Americans, for reasons perhaps related to culture and religion, have historically displayed a reticence to seek professional psychological help when there are psychological problems. There is a paucity of research on the role religiosity and religious orientation has on seeking professional help for mental health problems. Taking a sample from the members of an urban, large-sized Greek Orthodox parish, participants will complete a questionnaire consisting of demographic data, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale (ATSPPH) short form-revised (Fischer & Farina, 1995); the New Indices of Religious Orientation scale (NIRO) short form (Francis, 2007); and the Christian Orthodox Religiousness Scale (CORS) (Chliaoutakis et al., 2002). The results will be analyzed to provide information useful in understanding the relationship between religiosity, religious orientation and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among members of the Greek Orthodox Church. Implications of these findings and suggestions for further research will be discussed.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-05-06T14:23:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2150831 bytes, checksum: faa171948db4f52859f27593c662759b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-06T14:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2150831 bytes, checksum: faa171948db4f52859f27593c662759b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / This dissertation aimed to identify the relationships between voting intention and religious, educational and values aspects. Two studies were conducted, each one with two steps. Study 1 initially gathered evidence of validity and reliability of the Voting Intention by Political Positions Scale and the Non-conventional Political Participation Scale. Participated 374 undergraduate students with a mean age of 23.7 years (SD = 7.25). For the first instrument, its items were grouped into a single factor that explained 78.2% of the variance (α = 0.95). The second measure had its three-factor structure supported by a Principal Component Analysis (PC): legal demonstration (α = 0.74), violence using (α = 0.62) and passive participation (α = 0.69), which together account for 49% of the variance. Participated in the second stage 351 students with a mean age of 23.7 years (SD = 7.28), answering the above measures and: Basic Values Survey, Religious Practices Scale, Religious Beliefs Scale and a list of attributes. Hypothetical candidate profiles were randomly distributed, deriving from religious orientation vs schooling. The results showed positive correlations between Catholic and Protestant beliefs with the Catholic and Evangelical profiles voting intention, respectively; higher definition by positive attributes and higher voting intention on the profiles with higher education level; and values congruence between participants and candidates in general. About the Study 2, participants were 226 people online recruited, with a mean age of 24.9 (SD = 5.77). This first stage focused on the psychometric properties of the Religious Fundamentalism Scale and the Four Basic Dimensions of Religiousness Scale. For the first one, it was found a solution unifactorial through a PC, with its component explained 50% of the variance (α = 0.90). The second one had its four-factor model supported by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis [χ²/df = 2.67, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.86, CFI = 0.97 and RMSEA = 0.08 (90% CI = 0.068 - 0.104)], with the following factors: community (α = 0.95), morality (α = 0.93), emotions (α = 0.89) and meaning (α = 0.85). The second step included 165 subjects with a mean age of 25.1 (SD = 5.47), also recruited virtually. Were applied the following instruments: Politician-religiousness IAT, Voting Intention by Political Positions Scale, the Basic Values Questionnaire, Social Dominance Orientation, and Right-Wing Authoritarianism. The results showed a faster association of the Politician-religiousness IAT’s congruent block (religious politician + positive); D score was positively correlated with fundamentalism and normative values; there was explicitly greater voting intention in the non-religious candidate, with influence of the religiousness level and the importance of religion. It is estimated that the objectives of this dissertation were achieved, contributing to the knowledge about the religious, educational and values aspects of the voting intention; and about implicit attitudes towards religious politicians. / Esta dissertação objetivou conhecer as relações entre intenção de voto, aspectos religiosos, educacionais e valores. Dois estudos foram realizados, cada um com duas etapas. O Estudo 1 inicialmente reuniu evidências de validade e precisão da Escala de Intenção de Voto por Cargos Políticos e da Escala de Participação Política Não-convencional. Participaram 374 universitários com média de idade de 23,7 anos (DP = 7,25). Para o primeiro instrumento, observou-se um agrupamento de seus itens em um único fator que explicou 78,2% da variância (α = 0,95). A segunda medida teve sua estrutura trifatorial corroborada por uma Análise dos Componentes Principais (PC), sendo: demonstração legal (α = 0,74), uso de violência (α = 0,62) e participação passiva (α = 0,69), os quais explicaram conjuntamente 49% da variância. Participaram da segunda etapa 351 universitários com média de idade de 23,7 anos (DP = 7,28), respondendo as medidas supracitadas e: Questionário dos Valores Básicos, Escala de Práticas Religiosas, Escala de Crenças Religiosas e uma lista de atributos. Foram distribuídos aleatoriamente perfis de candidato hipotético, derivado de orientação religiosa vs nível de escolaridade. Os resultados indicaram correlações positivas entre as crenças católicas e protestantes com os perfis católico e evangélico, respectivamente; maior definição pelos atributos positivos e intenção de voto nos perfis com nível superior; e congruência valorativa entre participantes e candidatos no geral. Do Estudo 2 participaram 226 pessoas recrutadas online, com média de idade de 24,9 (DP = 5,77). Esta primeira etapa focou nas propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Fundamentalismo Religoso e da Escala de Quatro Dimensões Básicas da Religiosidade. Para a primeira, verificou-se por meio de uma PC uma solução unifatorial, com seu componente explicando 50% da variância (α = 0,90). A segunda teve seu modelo tetrafatorial corroborado através de uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória [χ²/gl = 2,67, GFI = 0,91, AGFI = 0,86, CFI = 0,97 e RMSEA = 0,08 (IC90% = 0,068 – 0,104)], com os fatores: comunidade (α = 0,95), moralidade (α = 0,93), emoções (α = 0,89) e sentido (α = 0,85). A segunda etapa contou com 165 indivíduos com média de idade de 25,1 (DP = 5,47), também recrutados virtualmente. Aplicaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: TAI Político-religiosidade, Escala de Intenção de Voto por Cargos Políticos, Questionário dos Valores Básicos, Escala de Orientação à Dominância Social, e Escala de Autoritarismo de Direita. Os resultados mostraram uma associação mais rápida do bloco congruente do TAI Político-religiosidade (político religioso + positivo); o escore D correlacionou-se positivamente com o fundamentalismo e com os valores normativos; houve explicitamente maior intenção de voto no candidato não-religioso, com influência do nível de religiosidade e da importância da religião. Concluiu-se que os objetivos desta dissertação foram alcançados, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre os aspectos religiosos, educacionais e valorativos da intenção de voto; e acerca das atitudes implícitas em relação a políticos religiosos.

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