Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasilia, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2011. / Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2012-09-18T14:00:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_OsvaldoDalbenJunior.pdf: 3404533 bytes, checksum: 553bcf63bc1e8bcf2d4970f112a97520 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Leandro Silva Borges(leandroborges@bce.unb.br) on 2012-09-19T21:17:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_OsvaldoDalbenJunior.pdf: 3404533 bytes, checksum: 553bcf63bc1e8bcf2d4970f112a97520 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-19T21:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_OsvaldoDalbenJunior.pdf: 3404533 bytes, checksum: 553bcf63bc1e8bcf2d4970f112a97520 (MD5) / Um dos atuais desafios na área da forense computacional está relacionado à análise de mídias computacionais apreendidas em grande quantidade pelas orças policiais. Os arquivos armazenados nessas mídias podem conter nomes de pessoas e organizações suspeitos, porém desconhecidos pelas equipes de investigação. O presente trabalho propõe a criação de um modelo de Reconhecimento de Entidades Mencionadas (REM) baseado no Modelo Oculto de Markov (HMM) para extrair nomes de pessoas e organizações de textos não estruturados contidos em mídias apreendidas. O modelo proposto, denominado ICCHMM {Identiication-Classification Context HMM é dividido em dois submodelos - identificação e classificação de entidades - e utiliza as informações do contexto das palavras e um gazetteer como forma de obter melhor desempenho. Experimentos foram realizados aplicados a corpora públicos e forenses e os resultados do ICC-HMM superaram os obtidos por sistemas participantes de avaliações conjuntas específicas para o REM no idioma português, o que sugere que o modelo proposto é aplicável ao cenário forense nacional. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / One of the current challenges in computer forensics is related to the analysis of computer media seized in large quantities by he police. Files stored in these media may contain names of people and organizations suspected, but unknown by the analysis teams. This paper proposes the creation of a named entity recognition (NER) model based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to extract names of people and organizations contained in unstructured text of seized media. The proposed model, called ICC-HMM (Identification - Classification Context HMM) is divided into two sub-models - identification and classification of entities - and uses the context information of words and a gazetteer in order to obtain better performance. Experiments were carried out on forensic corpora and our results outperformed some of the best NER-based systems in Portuguese language. This suggests that the proposed model is applicable in brazilian computer forensics

Two questions are addressed: 1) whether a dream is meaningful as a whole, or whether the scenes are separate and unconnected, and 2) whether dream images are an epiphenomenon of a functional physiologicaL process of REM sleep, or whether they are akin to waking thought. Theories of REM sleep as a period of information-processing are reviewed. This is Linked with work on the relationship between dreaming and creativity, and between memory and imagery. Because of the persuasive evidence that REM sleep is implicated in the consolidation of memories there is a review of recent work on neural associative network models of memory. Two theories of dreams based on these models are described, and predictions with regard to the above two questions are made. Psychological evidence of relevance to the neural network theories is extensively reviewed. These predictions are compared with those of the recent application of structuralism to the study of dreams, which is an extension from its usual field of mythology and anthropology. The different theories are tested against four nights of dreams recorded in a sleep Lab. The analysis shows that not only do dreams concretise waking concerns as metaphors but that these concerns are depicted in oppositional terms, such as, for example, inside/outside or revolving/static. These oppositions are then permuted from one dream to the next until a resolution of the initial concern is achieved at the end of the night. An account of the use of the single case-study methodology in psychology is given, in addition to a replication of the analysis of one night's dreams by five independent judges. There is an examination of objections to the structuralist methodology, and of objections to the paradigm of multiple dream awakenings. The conclusion is drawn that dreams involve the unconscious dialectical step-by-step resolution of conflicts which to a great extent are consciously known to the subject. The similarity of dreams to day-dreams is explored, with the conclusion that the content of dreams is better explained by an account of metaphors we use when awake and by our daily concerns, than by reference to the physiology of REM sleep. It is emphasised that dreams can be meaningful even if they do not have a function.

The aim of this thesis is to try to provide an analysis of the legislation of easements contained in the Civil Code, to take into account the case law related to the General Civil Code as well as the recent court decisions and express controversy over some aspects that the new legislation offers. The thesis is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is devoted to a brief definition of easements and the kinds of easements. The second chapter analyzes the historical development of the easements. In the first part of the chapter the Roman law, which was the first to regulate the easements, is discussed. Furthermore, the chapter deals with the development of the easements during the Middle Ages, when the easements were joined by the institute of real burdens. The third part of the chapter discusses the legislation of easements in the General Civil Code, which is an inspiration for the current legislation; the relevant case law is not omitted. Finally, the chapter contains a section dealing with the legislation of easements in the so called Middle Civil Code from 1950 and the legislation in the Civil Code from 1964. The third chapter, which forms the main part of the thesis, is devoted to a detailed analysis of the current legislation of easements contained in the Civil Code. The chapter is...

Grado de magister en nuerociencias / La homeostasis de sueño REM refiere el proceso mediante el cual la cantidad de tiempo en este estado se mantiene dentro de límites mínimos aceptables; sin embargo existen reportes contradictorios respecto a si el sueño REM posee efectivamente este tipo de regulación. Utilizando la herramienta de Estimulación Fótica provocamos un exceso de sueño REM. Aplicando Pulsos de Oscuridad (PO) durante el periodo de luz, se logra con alta probabilidad y corta latencia una transición de sueño NREM a sueño REM en ratas albinas. De esta manera provocamos un exceso del estado y evaluamos la respuesta posterior. Se implementaron tres protocolos: (1) 4R, privación selectiva de sueño REM durante 4 horas (Zeitgeber time 4-7); (2) 10d, aplicación de Pulsos de Oscuridad de 10 minutos, alternados con 20 minutos de luz durante 2 horas (Zeitgeber time 8-9) y por último (3) 4R10d, que involucra la combinación de ambas condiciones experimentales. Los protocolos 4R y 4R10d mostraron una respuesta homeostática de rebote significativa posterior a la privación. Durante el periodo de Estimulación Fótica se observó un importante incremento del tiempo en sueño REM en 4R10d en relación a BL y 4R que se extendió incluso durante el periodo de actividad de la rata. En el protocolo 10d se observó un incremento del tiempo en sueño REM equivalente al rebote post-privación obtenido en 4R, y el incremento ocurrido en 4R10d constituye la sumatoria del sueño REM obtenido producto de la privación más la acción de los Pulsos de Oscuridad. En conclusión, la recuperación post-privación mostró características homeostáticas, sin embargo no consideró el exceso de sueño REM obtenido mediante Estimulación Fótica. / There is a homeostatic mechanism that preserves the daily REM sleep quota. To be truly homeostatic, the underlying REM sleep hourglass process that keeps track of the cumulated REM sleep time should promote REM sleep in response to REM sleep deficits, as occurs after selective REM sleep deprivation (RD) in humans and rodent models, and postpone REM sleep occurrence when challenged by REM sleep excesses. In the albino rat, short dark pulses (DP) transiently increase REM sleep amount by shortening the latency of NREM to REM sleep transitions, phenomenon known as photic masking. Photic masking provides a useful strategy to explore the REM sleep hourglass process in response to REM sleep excess. Male albino rats were subjected to 4 hours of RD during the rest phase (zeitgeber time, ZT, 4-7; light:dark cycle= 12:12). It was compared the subsequent REM sleep rebound when occurring in the presence or absence of 10-minute DP given in the ZT 8-9 interval. REM sleep rebound in the ZT 8-11 interval after RD was 10.9 minutes and when occurring in the presence of DP was 22.2 minutes. Whereas REM sleep rebound after RD alone fully compensated REM sleep debt within 6 hours, REM sleep rebound with DP provoked a sustained REM sleep excess that was present after 16 hours of recordings. The additive effect of photic masking suggest that REM sleep hourglass process is insensitive to the activation of REM-on neurons targeted by retinofugal projections.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide a description and analysis of the current legal regulation of easements in the Czech Civil Code, especially with regard to its sources of inspiration in the form of the General Civil Code and Government draft of the Civil Code of 1937. The diploma thesis focuses on problematic issues of current legislation, including interpretive methods of their removal and proposals de lege ferenda. The first chapter generally characterizes the easements and describes their theoretical division. The second chapter deals with the historical development of the institute of easements. The concept of servitude in Roman law, which played a key role in shaping the following legislation, is discussed. A treatise on the General Civil Code and the Government Draft Civil Code of 1937, on which the current legislation is mainly based, is published. Attention is also paid to the civil codes adopted during the communist era in 1950 and 1964, which deviated from the traditional concept of easement. Problematic provisions of these legal regulations are analyzed in selected places. The focus of the diploma thesis is the third chapter, which deals with the analysis of the current legal regulation of easements. The definition of easements, their scope and content, subject and methods of...

Servitudes Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyse the legal institute of servitudes and its issues, especially focusing on its current legal regulation in the Civil Code and related case law. The thesis deals with the problematic issues that arise in connection with the examined institute and tries to find possible ways of overcoming the flaws of the legal regulation. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first chapter briefly outlines the theoretical concept of servitudes. The second part of the thesis analyses the historical development of servitudes from their beginnings in Roman law, when the foundations of the institution under study were formed and, in many ways, survive to this day. It then continues with an explanation of the codifications regulating servitudes. It continues with an explanation of the codifications regulating easements in the Czech territory from the General Civil Code through the communist codifications of 1950 and 1964, in the latter case the most important amendments are described. Then the reasons for the deletion of the term servitude from the applicable law and its replacement by a superior term covering both servitudes and real burdens, which was the state of law until the adoption of the current Civil Code, are discussed. This part of the thesis focuses on the...

Easements Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide readers with a comprehensive view of the legal institution of easements. Thus, easements are analysed not only in the context of the existing legal regulation, but also in the context of their historical development. The aim of this thesis is also to analyse the points of contention in the existing legal framework. To this end, the readers of this thesis are offered relevant expert opinions on the controversial issue. These opinions are supplemented, where appropriate, by the opinion of the author of this thesis, who also gives his view on the issue. Relevant case-law is continuously offered in the thesis to supplement the analysis of the individual sub-aspects. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the definition of the legal institution of easements, with which the thesis further deals. The second chapter of the thesis is devoted to the historical development of easements. Attention is paid in particular to Roman law, which is the ideological basis of servitudes. This chapter also examines the regulation of easements in the General Civil Code of 1811, which was the first comprehensive regulation of easements in the Czech territory, and the Civil Codes of 1950 and 1964. The third chapter concerns the current legal...

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13513号 / 論医博第2263号 / 新制||医||1061(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊佐 正, 教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 高橋 淳 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Over the course of a typical night, sleep is comprised of multiple different stages that involve changes in brainwave patterns. Intracranial EEG (iEEG) is an invasive brain recording technique used in hospital settings in epileptic patients to determine the focus of their seizure activity. The intracranial data recorded allows one to directly observe the neural activity of deep brain structures such as the hippocampus and to detect single unit activity and local field potentials, thus providing a level of physiological detail normally available only in animal studies. In this thesis we employ intracranial data to advance our understanding of sleep neural dynamics in humans, and to this end its focus is in two areas : (1) developing a way of sleep scoring iEEG data and (2) investigating the neural dynamics of a particular waveform found during sleep, the sleep spindle, and its role in memory consolidation. Typically, iEEG recordings do not include electrooculogram or electromyogram recordings, which are normally needed for sleep scoring—especially for scoring rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. We identified differences in alpha power between wake and REM sleep to develop a methodological way to reliably differentiate between wake and REM sleep states. We also wanted to investigate the neural dynamics involved with a particular brainwave seen during sleep, the sleep spindle, which is thought to be important for sleep-mediated memory consolidation. Historically, sleep spindles were thought to occur synchronously across the cortex, but recent findings using iEEG have identified that sleep spindles can also be local. We utilized intracranial EEG to confirm previous findings that iEEG can identify local sleep spindles. In addition to identifying local sleep spindles, we aimed to investigate the potential role that sleep spindles have on learning and memory using standard targeted memory reactivation paradigms for iii both procedural and declarative memories. We found that local sleep spindles occurred at a specific time following auditory stimulation for both procedural and declarative memories. This work has opened up the use of iEEG recordings to investigations of REM sleep dynamics and laid the groundwork for examining the role of local sleep spindles in memory consolidation. / Master of Science / During a night of sleep, our brain goes through different stages that exhibit changes in brainwave patterns. Intracranial EEG (iEEG) is an invasive brain recording technique used in hospital settings in epileptic patients to determine the focus of their seizure activity; this particular brain recording technique allows one to observe the brain activity of deep brain structures. By using iEEG data, we aimed to (1) develop a way of sleep scoring iEEG data and (2) investigate the neural dynamics of a particular waveform found during sleep, the sleep spindle, and its role in memory consolidation.  Electrooculograms (EOG) are used to record the electrical activity of eye movements, and electromyograms (EMG) are used to measure muscle activity. Both of these recording techniques, in addition to EEG, are needed for sleep scoring, especially rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, typical iEEG recordings do not have EOGs and EMGs applied to the patient. Using iEEG data, we were able to identify differences in a specific brainwave, the alpha rhythm, between wakeful brain activity and REM sleep brain activity. Furthermore, we were able to use this difference to reliably score REM sleep in iEEG data without the need for EOGs and EMGs.  We also wanted to investigate the brainwave changes in a particular waveform, the sleep spindle, that has been thought to be important for sleep-mediated memory consolidation. Previous research using typical EEG recordings showed that sleep spindles occur synchronously across the cortex, but recent findings using iEEG have identified that sleep spindles can also occur asynchronously across the cortex. We replicated previous research showing that these local sleep spindles are identifiable using iEEG recordings. In addition to identifying local sleep spindles, we investigated the potential role that sleep spindles have on learning and memory. To do so, we used standard targeted memory reactivation paradigms for two types of memory: declarative and procedural memory. We found that local sleep spindles occurred at a specific time following auditory stimulation for both procedural and declarative memories.  This work has opened up the use of iEEG recordings to investigations of REM sleep dynamics and laid the groundwork for examining the role of local sleep spindles in memory consolidation.