Telge Återvinnings avfallsanläggning Tveta, har gamla deponiområden och verksamhetsytor som genererar lakvatten och processvatten. Lakvattnet pumpas kontinuerligt till Himmerfjärdsverkets reningsverk, Syvab. Himmerfjärdsverket är REVAQ-certifierat sedan 2009 och kraven för certifieringen har nu skärpts. Perfluoroktansulfonat (PFOS) är ett av de ämnen som finns i lakvattnet och gränsvärdet för det har nu sänkts till 15 ng/l i inkommande flöde vilket Telge Återvinning måste förhålla sig till. För att de ska kunna göra det behövde reningsgraden av PFOS vara 90% av dagens halt. Lakvattnet innehöll dessutom en hög halt partiklar vilket behövde behandlas för att uppnå önskad reningsgrad. PFOS är ett stabilt, bioackumulerande ämne som dessutom är toxiskt. På grund av sin stabilitet kan endast ett fåtal reningsmetoder användas för att avskilja ämnet ur vattenlösningar. Målet med den här rapporten har varit att ta fram dessa reningsmetoder och även värdera dess tillämpningsmöjligheter för reningen av lakvattnet på Tveta. Sammanställningen av informationen har skett genom intervjuer och litteraturstudier. De reningsmetoder som kunde uppnå den eftersökta reningsgraden var omvänd osmos, nanofilter, jonbytare, granulerat aktivt kolfilter och pulveriserat aktivt kol. Utav dessa var granulerat aktivt kolfilter mest lämpat för Tveta avfallsanläggnings lakvattensammansättning vilket avgjordes utifrån ett kostnad- och erfarenhetsperspektiv. Utformningen på partikelavskiljningsprocessen kunde inte fastslås utan praktiska undersökningar men flockning av partiklarna kan ses som ett försteg i processen. / The waste treatment plant of Telge Återvinning in Tveta have old landfills which produces leachate and processwater. The leachate is transported with pumps to the water treatment plant Himmerfärdsverket, Syvab. The water treatment plant has a REVAQ-certificate since 2009 and the requirements to keep the certificate have become tougher. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is one of the substances in the produced leachate. The content limit for that substance has now been decreased to 15 ng/l which means that Telge Återvinning must lower their PFOS content in their leachate. To do so they’ll need a PFOS removal efficiency of 90% based on their current content value. The leachate also contains lots of particles which needs to be removed if the desired removal efficiency is to be reached. PFOS is a none-reactive, bio-accumulative, substance which is also toxic. There’s only a few treatment methods that can be used for the removal of this substance in liquid matrixes because of its none-reactive nature. The point of this report has been to highlight these methods and evaluate them based on their possible usage as a treatment method for the leachate at the waste treatment plant. The information for these methods have been gathered through literature studies and interviews. The available methods which were able to achieve the desired removal efficiency were the reverse osmosis and the nanofiltration, the ion exchanger, the granular active carbon filter and powdered active carbon. From these available methods the granular active carbon filter was thought to be the most suited method for treating the leachate. The most suited method was decided based on its operation cost and familiarity with prior PFOS treatment plant. The treatment process for the particle removal couldn’t be fully decided without field studies. Although flocculation was decided to be the primary step in the treatment process.

<p>Pharmaceuticals that are found in marine ecosystems are a threatening environmental concern, which is known to harm both animal and plant life. One of the reasons for this problem is that the waste water treatment techniques are not optimized to clear waste water from its pharmaceuticals contain. In this master thesis four Swedish treatment wetlands were studied, and their ability to reduce numerous pharmaceuticals in waste water. The four treatment wetlands that were studied were those in Oxelösund, Trosa, Nynäshamn and Eskilstuna. Two ecotoxicological tests and chemical analysis were used. The ecotoxicological tests were performed on the copepod <em>Nitocra spinipes</em> and macro algae <em>Ceramium tenuicorne</em>, but the results were ambiguous and could not be related to the chemical analysis. The result from the chemical analysis showed that 50-70 % of the substances were reduced to some degree, and of which 15 % were almost completely reduced. In Nynäshamn’s wetland and Oxelösund’s wetland the pharmaceutical treatment were more efficient than in Trosa’s wetland and Eskilstuna’s wetland. This was probably due to the, at the time, more efficient biological activity. The pharmaceuticals that dominated the incoming waters to all the wetlands were more or less the same. On the contrary, substances were reduced to different degrees in the four wetlands. However, the reduction patterns for both Nynäshamn and Oxelösund were similar, which suggest that the same processes dominated in both wetlands. As the study was performed in cold winter conditions with bad oxygen supply it is likely that greater reduction would be obtained in warmer conditions.</p>

Pharmaceuticals that are found in marine ecosystems are a threatening environmental concern, which is known to harm both animal and plant life. One of the reasons for this problem is that the waste water treatment techniques are not optimized to clear waste water from its pharmaceuticals contain. In this master thesis four Swedish treatment wetlands were studied, and their ability to reduce numerous pharmaceuticals in waste water. The four treatment wetlands that were studied were those in Oxelösund, Trosa, Nynäshamn and Eskilstuna. Two ecotoxicological tests and chemical analysis were used. The ecotoxicological tests were performed on the copepod Nitocra spinipes and macro algae Ceramium tenuicorne, but the results were ambiguous and could not be related to the chemical analysis. The result from the chemical analysis showed that 50-70 % of the substances were reduced to some degree, and of which 15 % were almost completely reduced. In Nynäshamn’s wetland and Oxelösund’s wetland the pharmaceutical treatment were more efficient than in Trosa’s wetland and Eskilstuna’s wetland. This was probably due to the, at the time, more efficient biological activity. The pharmaceuticals that dominated the incoming waters to all the wetlands were more or less the same. On the contrary, substances were reduced to different degrees in the four wetlands. However, the reduction patterns for both Nynäshamn and Oxelösund were similar, which suggest that the same processes dominated in both wetlands. As the study was performed in cold winter conditions with bad oxygen supply it is likely that greater reduction would be obtained in warmer conditions.