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Liberté de la recherche et modification du génome humain : le cas du transfert d'ooplasmeFortin, Sabrina 04 1900 (has links)
Le transfert d'ooplasme est une nouvelle technique de reproduction (NTR) qUI
bouscule les fondements utilisés pour encadrer les modifications génétiques chez l'humain.
Par l'intervention dans le matériel génétique contenu dans les mitochondries des cellules,
ce nouveau procédé implique la création d'enfant issus du matériel génétique de trois
parents. L'exemple est intéressant en ce qu'il permet à la fois d'analyser une situation
spécifique aux enjeux éthiques et sociaux considérables, mais également de poser une
réflexion plus générale sur les modes d'encadrement des NTR et leur impact sur la liberté
de la recherche scientifique. Les théories sociologiques issues de l'analyse de la
technoscience permettent de démontrer d'une part un enthousiasme pour la recherche et
d'autre part les craintes de sa dérive. L'hypothèse du pluralisme normatif, issue de ces
craintes et de l'incapacité du droit à parvenir à les calmer, permet de mettre en lumière la
multiplication des normes destinées à encadrer la recherche scientifique. Cette pléthore de
normes est responsable d'une confusion dans l'interprétation des différents principes qui les
justifient (dignité humaine, innocuité, bienfait thérapeutique), d'autant plus qu'elles doivent
être conciliées entre les niveaux international, régional et national. Cette réflexion éthique
sur la limitation de la liberté de la recherche par l'encadrement des NTR permet la
démonstration des véritables enjeux qu'impliquent la génétique de la reproduction et
propose un regard neuf sur la façon de l'envisager. / Ooplasm transfer is a new reproductive technique that jostles the basis of human
gene modification. This new fertility treatment involved the transplantation of genetic
material included in mitochondrion, and results in new-born with DNA from three different
persons. This technique brings important sociological and ethical dilemmas. It also raises a critical discussion on how new reproductive techniques are regulated and how that
regulation limits the freedom of research. Sociological theories about technosciences have
shown that there is a great enthusiasm for research in society, but also great concerns on its excess. Those concerns have generated a multiplication of norms in order to control
possible abuses of researchers. The multiplication of norms limits not only the freedom of research, but is also responsible for the confusion in interpreting the principles that justify them (human dignity, innocuity, health benefits), especial1y when these principles have to be reconciled at the national, regional and international level.
This study is an ethical reflection on limits imposed on the freedom of research in
the new reproductive genetics area. By using ooplasmic transfer as an example, this work
addresses main issues of reproductive genetic and proposes a new way of understanding
and considering genetics in the socio-economical context of technoscientific societies. / "Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M.) option droit, biotechnologies et société"
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Human cloning : separating science from fiction : the ethics and legality of human cloning.Matisonn, Lynn Joy. January 2002 (has links)
No abstract available. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
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Genetic information values and rights the morality of presymptomatic genetic testing /Juth, Niklas. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborg University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 438-449) and index.
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Genetic information values and rights the morality of presymptomatic genetic testing /Juth, Niklas. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborg University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 438-449) and index.
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À la recherche du Dasein féminin : sexe, technique, et génération / In search of female Dasein : sex, technology, and generationDrouillard, Jill 08 June 2018 (has links)
La recherche du Dasein féminin est une enquête sur la relation symbiotique entre la femme et son environnement comme il se déroule durant une certaine période de l'histoire. En postulant l'existence d'une temporalité féminine particulière et d'une manière féminine d'être-au-monde, ce projet conteste la vision de Martin Heidegger selon laquelle le Dasein, dans sa neutralité, n'est d'aucun sexe. En commençant par souligner que la lacune de sa philosophie repose dans son incapacité à aborder le problème de la sexualité comme différence ontologique, ce projet fait appel à différents philosophes, notablement de la tradition féministe anglo-saxonne, afin de caractériser l'unique façon d'être de la femme. Dans la mesure où notre contact avec l'environnement est de plus en plus mêlé aux questions de la technique, je questionne la relation particulière de la femme à celle-ci, et spécialement à la technique reproductive qui marque de façon prégnante l'association historique des femmes à la « nature ». En m'appuyant sur la philosophie de L'Etre, de l’art, et de la technique de Heidegger, ainsi que sur différents penseurs de disciplines variées, j'esquisse une existence qui est singulier au féminin. / The search for female Dasein is an inquiry into the symbiotic relationship between woman and her environment as it unfolds during a certain historical time. In postulating the existence of a particular female temporality and a feminine way of being-in-the-world, this project contests Martin Heidegger’s view that Dasein in its neutrality is neither of the two sexes. Beginning with the insight that the gap in his philosophy lies in his failure to address the issue of sexuality as an ontological difference, this project draws from diverse philosophers, particularly from the feminist Anglo-Saxon tradition to characterize woman’s unique way of being. Insofar as our engagement with the environment is increasingly entangled with questions of the technological, I ask whether woman has a particular relationship with technology, specifically reproductive technology where her historical association with « nature » becomes especially salient. Reading Heidegger’s philosophy of Being, art, and technology in conjunction with different thinkers across various disciplines, I sketch out an existence that is particularly feminine.
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Análise de viabilidade de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais de gatas domésticas (Felis catus silvestris) após criopreservaçãoMartins, Jorge Luis Araujo [UNESP] 26 June 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:40:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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Negotiating Socio-Technical Contracts: Anticipatory Governance and Reproductive TechnologiesJanuary 2014 (has links)
abstract: This project develops the "socio-technical contract" concept, a notion that signifies the kinds of socio-technological assumptions and arrangements that characterize a particular domain of policy or practice. Socio-technical contracts, unlike their social contract counterparts in political theory, represent active negotiation and renegotiation of social contracts around emerging technologies, as opposed to the tacit social contracts of thinkers such as Locke. I use the socio-technical contract concept to analyze the governance of assisted reproductive technologies in the United Kingdom. For increasing numbers of people, reproduction is happening in a fundamentally different way. Conception outside of the womb became a reality with the 1978 birth of Louise Brown, the first baby born via in-vitro fertilization. Alongside Louise Brown's birth emerged new social and governance configurations around reproductive technologies, including, in the United Kingdom, the establishment of a national regulatory agency, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. The project applies the socio-technical contract concept in order to examine how distributed governance and socio-cultural processes in the British context worked over time to renegotiate fundamental ideas about families and kinship, the boundaries of "ethical" science, rules governing release of information, the "right to an identity," the role of the state in the reproductive choices of individuals, and general approaches to how to think about the roles and relationships of the child, parents, and the state in and around the introduction of these technologies. As these changes have occurred, policies, social understandings, and legal rights have been renegotiated and new governance capacities, what I call "anticipatory capacities," have come into existence to manage and coordinate change across complex social systems. In illuminating anticipatory capacities in each context, I explore the tools deployed by government actors, scientists, stakeholders, and citizens in negotiating evolving socio-technical contracts around reproductive technologies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Political Science 2014
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Anonimozegratuitos = a transformação da pessoa em informação e da informação em pessoa / Anonimozegratuitos : person is information and information is personNovaes, Thiago O. S., 1979- 03 August 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Mauro William Barbosa de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:51:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A dissertação apresenta um novo conceito, anonimozegratuitos, que pretende realizar uma dupla operação: a transformação da pessoa em informação e da informação em pessoa. Inserindose nos correntes debates da antropologia da ciência e da técnica, o texto descreve o funcionamento de três objetos técnicos na Internet - a WikiPedia, o WikiLeaks e o BitTorrent - relacionando-os às noções de autoria, propriedade intelectual, troca e gratuidade. Trata ainda das técnicas de reprodução assistida em relação à doação anônima e gratuita de sêmen, que provoca uma ruptura sobre o auto-reconhecimento da unidade da espécie humana, situando a emergência da eugenia liberal junto ao modelo tecnocientífico que viabiliza a procriação autônoma de mulheres solteiras e a seleção de material genético para melhoramento da saúde humana / Abstract: The dissertation presents a new concept, anonimozegratuitos, which promotes a double operation: the transformation of person in information and information in person. Attentive to the current discussions of the anthropology of science and technology, the text describes the operation of three technical objects on the Internet - the WikiPedia, WikiLeaks and BitTorrent - relating them to the notions of authorship, intellectual property and free exchange. It also discusses the techniques of assisted reproduction in relation to free and anonymous donation of sperm, which causes a disruption of the self-recognition of the unity of the human species, placing the emergence of liberal eugenics with the technoscientific model that enables the autonomous reproduction of single women and selection of genetic material for improving human health / Mestrado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social
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Qualité du protéome du spermatozoïde humain et infertilité / Human sperm proteome quality and infertilitySigala, Julien 08 December 2016 (has links)
La mobilité est une fonction clé de la qualité fécondante et de sélection des spermatozoïdes des techniques d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP). Nous manquons cependant d'information des mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant cette mobilité. Ce travail de thèse est articulé autour de 2 protéines d’intérêts impliquées dans la mobilité spermatique: la protéine Tau (Tubule-associated unit) associée à la polymérisation des microtubules dans le neurone, et la protéine d’ancrage aux kinases A4 (AKAP4), protéine majeure de la gaine fibreuse du flagelle spermatique, connue pour son implication dans la mobilité spermatique.Très peu d’études traitent de la protéine Tau dans l’appareil génital masculin, et aucune chez l’homme. Dans une première partie de ce travail, nous avons analysé l’expression de la protéine Tau dans le spermatozoïde et le testicule humain par une approche immuno-histo-chimique (article 1). La protéine Tau est localisée dans la pièce intermédiaire du flagelle du spermatozoïde, et dans le spermatocyte et la spermatide dans le testicule. Les rôles potentiels de la protéine Tau durant la spermatogenèse sont discutés dans une revue de la littérature (article 2).Les avancées dans le domaine de la protéomique permettent aujourd’hui d’étudier le protéome du spermatozoïde et de ses compartiments cellulaires de façon hautement résolutive. Le protéome global du spermatozoïde a été étudié chez des hommes consultant le centre de procréation assistée du CHRU de Lille. Il a permis de définir un groupe de spermatozoïdes présentant majoritairement des protéines de haut poids moléculaire et un groupe présentant une protéolyse aux dépends des protéines de haut poids moléculaire. L’AKAP4 a été identifiée parmi les protéines de hauts poids moléculaire. Nous avons étudié, quantifié le profil d’expression de l’AKAP4 en Western Blot dans le sperme d’hommes venant effectuer un spermogramme et corrélé les données biochimiques du protéome et de l’AKAP4 au spermogramme (article en soumission 3). Le rôle de l’AKAP4 comme marqueur prédictif en AMP est ensuite abordé. Les données clinico-biologiques (logiciel INFOFIV) des tentatives d’AMP au CHRU de Lille ont été confrontées aux données quantitatives du protéome global et de l’AKAP4 (article en préparation 4).Les protéines Tau et AKAP4 sont des protéines d’intérêts dans la prise en charge de l’homme infertile. L’AKAP4 pourrait être proposée comme biomarqueur dans la prise en charge en AMP. / Motility is a key function of the fertilizing quality and the selection of sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, we lack information on molecular mechanisms controlling this mobility. This thesis is structured around 2 proteins of interest involved in sperm mobility: Tau (tubule-associated unit) associated with microtubule polymerization in the neuron, and the A-kinase anchoring protein 4 (AKAP4), the main protein of the fibrous sheath of the sperm’s flagellum, known for its involvement in sperm motility.Very few studies focus on the Tau protein in the male reproductive system, and none in humans. In the first part of this work, we analysed the expression of the Tau protein in the sperm and human testis through an immuno-histo-chemical approach (Article 1). The Tau protein is localized in the intermediate part of the sperm flagellum and in the spermatocyte and spermatid in the testis. The potential roles of the Tau protein during spermatogenesis are discussed in a review of the literature (Article 2).Advances in the field of proteomics now allow the study the proteome of sperm and its cellular compartments in a highly-resolutive way. The global sperm proteome was studied in men visiting the assisted reproduction center of Lille University Hospital. This has led to a group of sperm with predominantly high molecular weight proteins being identified as well as a group having proteolysis at the expense of high molecular weight proteins. The AKAP4 was identified among the high molecular weight proteins. We studied, quantified the profile of AKAP4 expression by Western Blot in the sperm of men undergoing a semen analysis and correlated the biochemical data of the proteome and AKAP4 to the semen analysis (article 3 in submission). The role of AKAP4 as a predictive marker of ART success is then discussed. Clinical and biological data (INFOFIV software) of ART attempts at the Lille University Hospital were compared with quantitative data of the global proteome and AKAP4 (Article 4 in preparation).Tau protein and AKAP4 are proteins of interest in the management of infertile men. The AKAP4 could be proposed as a biomarker in ART treatments.
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Effect of different culture media and incubation methods on culturing murine embryos in vitro using a semen straw as an alternative receptacleMadzhie, Lufuno Rosheen 05 1900 (has links)
MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal Science / See the attached abstract below
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