This thesis describes a research programme which investigates further the models developed by Conway [1] - the dynamic model of the process of operational research and the life cycle of in-house operational research groups. It studies the relationships between the two, and also extends the range of applicability of the models. From this the research develops a useful tool to assist the strategic management of in-house operational research groups. In the prev ious study, the two mode I s had been re I ated in theory only. This study investigates the actual relationships and develops a method of defining an operational research group's position on its life cycle using data about the mix of proj ects of the dynamic mode I project types. This method was developed using data from the Conway study, and tested on data collected in two surveys conducted during the current period of research. In certain circumstances, it was found to be essential that other aspects of the data on operational research projects were used to help define more exactly the current state of health of the operational research group. The level or importance of the project was shown to be significant, as was the approach employed when tackling the project. The validity of the model with respect to other forms of operational research group was also investigated, and external consultancy was chosen for this research. A classification was developed which categorised consultants according to their managerial structure, and consultants from each of the types in the classification were interviewed using Systems Based Interviewing. The interviews showed that the dynamic model of the process of operational research was a valid way to describe external operational research consultancy. Some preliminary concepts involving the life cycle of consultancies were also developed, but could not be tested within the time scale of this study. 1. CONWAY, D.A., (1984), "The Development and Application of a Dynamic Model of the Process of Operational Research". PhD thesis, Hatfield Polytechnic.

No description available.

Platelets are small and anucleate blood cells that are well known for their role in hemostasis. Other less recognized platelet functions include contributions to cancer vascularization, growth, and metastasis. Although the participation of platelets in cancer biology has been broadly studied in mouse models, there is no information in the literature regarding the crosstalk of platelets and cancer cells in dogs. The objective of this dissertation was to explore the interaction of canine platelets and tumor cells in vitro. The main hypothesis was that canine platelets were similar to human and murine platelets, and would interact with tumor cells, resulting in a change in the behavior of these cells. Using confocal immunofluorescence, we show that fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor have little colocalization within platelets, providing evidence that canine platelets have selective packaging and different alpha-granule subtypes, as shown in mice and humans. Then, we demonstrate canine platelet activation by osteosarcoma and mammary carcinoma cells, utilizing platelet aggregometry. Next, we show that intact platelets, platelet lysate, and thrombin-activated platelet releasate have an inhibitory effect on the migration of canine osteosarcoma and mammary carcinoma cell lines, contrary to what is described in humans and mice. We also demonstrate that releasate from canine platelets activated by collagen induces cancer cell migration, the opposite of the effect of releasates derived from thrombin or adenosine diphosphate activation. Lastly, we show that platelets can downregulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal-related transcription factors in canine cancer cells, suggesting that platelets may play an important role regulating this process in canine cancer progression. In conclusion, the results of this study have revealed important interactions between canine cancer cell lines and platelets in vitro. Our findings suggest that platelets most likely have a significant role in cancer growth in dogs and that cancer cells most likely affect platelet function in cancer patients.

In the last 20 years, linguists and community members engaged in fieldwork with endangered languages have become increasingly aware of and vocal about the ethical dilemmas that potentially can, and often do, arise in work of this nature. One result of this can be seen in the reconceptualization of best practices and methodologies in linguistic fieldwork. There is a strong push towards collaborative, community-driven, and interdisciplinary forms of research, and a concomitant shift in the roles taken on by academic and community-based researchers. The shifts in roles in turn have led academics and community-members to rethink the responsibilities associated with these roles. The purpose of this thesis is threefold: firstly, to provide a description of a highly collaborative, community-driven project involving, as one of its components, the documentation of language associated with Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK); secondly, to consider and illustrate how the relative roles of academics and community participants have shifted and thirdly, to discuss responsibilities associated with the protection of the TEK documented through this work – knowledge that would not have been documented to the same extent if the project had not been collaborative and community-driven. These topics evolved from the knowledge and guidance of Kʷakʷaka'wakʷ Clan Chief Kʷaxsistalla (Adam Dick), as well as the ethnoecological/linguistic projects that this thesis is centred on. I propose that a) collaborative research that is community-steered can be supported by the Community-Based Language Research model developed by Czaykowska-Higgins (2009), b) within this emerging research framework unconventional research roles can be assumed by all participants, c) it is important to respect and protect the Traditional Ecological Knowledge recorded in research with Indigenous experts, and d) existing systems of Intellectual Property fall short in adequately protecting and respecting TEK. I conclude this study by relating these issues to larger movements occurring within linguistics and social science and humanities research in general. I suggest a move away from subscribing to the Intellectual Property system, and towards approaching language research through a human rights framework. The result of this thesis is an analysis of collaborative community-based language research with and within an Indigenous community in Canada. It will contribute to the ongoing discussions and evaluations of changing roles and responsibilities in field research in linguistics. / Graduate

Nesta dissertação discutiremos a produção de conhecimento através da análise de textos resultantes de pesquisas realizadas por alunos de graduação. Nossa hipótese é que estes textos apresentem indícios que permitem verificar os contornos de um modelo de investigação científica. Discutir essas características auxiliará a compreender a Pesquisa no nível de graduação. Para a análise consultamos e utilizamos autores da área da epistemologia da ciência, como Thomas Kuhn e Hugo Zemelman; da área de pedagogia como Paulo Freire e das áreas da sociologia e filosofia como Boaventura Souza Santos e Marilena Chauí. Dessa maneira pretendemos estudar quais características delineiam a Pesquisa na Graduação. Nosso corpus é constituído por Relatórios de Iniciação Científica, Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso e Artigos Publicados em Revistas por estudantes de graduação no período de 2005 a 2014, coletados por meios impressos, mídia digital, on-line. Pretendemos contribuir com este trabalho para a compreensão da prática da investigação científica na formação durante a graduação. / In this thesis we will discuss the production of knowledge through the analysis of texts which are a result of research carried out by graduate students. Our hypothesis is that these texts show evidence of monitoring the delimitations of a scientific research model. By discussing these features will help to understand the research at the undergraduate level. For the analysis we consult and use authors from the area of epistemology of science, as Thomas Kuhn and Hugo Zemelman; pedagogy as Paulo Freire and sociology and philosophy of the university as Boaventura Souza Santos and Marilena Chauí. In this way we intend to study what characteristics delineate Research on Graduation level. Our corpus consists of Undergraduate Research Reports, Course Completion Works and Papers Published in Journals by graduate students in the period 2005-2014, collected through press, digital and olie media. We intend to contribute to this work to understanding of the practice of scientific research training during graduation

We trace the process of relationship development of the CEO¡]Chief Executive Officer¡^and CIO¡]Chief Information Officer¡^in one company in Taiwan over a 8-year period. In the process of corporation information technology makes policy and information system implementation, the both of change agency CEO and CIO can lead IT/IS project to successful or failure. Exploring the trust relationship building of process between CEO and CIO in the case, we hope provide research benefits that why or how to result in success or failure that a corporation information technology makes policy and information system implementation. In this research we use the process research model methodology that developed by Daniel Robey and Michael Newman in 1992 year and 1996 year, identify the 26 sequences events process in the AACL company¡¦s CEO/CIO for over 8 years, and define them as either encounters or episodes. We enrich and understanding the process of form of CEO/CIO trusts relationship, and other special phenomenon when an organization process information technology or information system changes. We use the change agentry for our exploring perspective, to analyze and theoretical argue the evolution of change agency¡¦s technological frames¡Bthe form of process of CEO/CIO in trust community¡Borganization¡¦s senior and junior staff in opposing phenomenon when organization changing, and how to build a model in champion or title of CEO/CIO. We conclude that the CEO and CIO, them as play a multiple change agency of role for driving organization¡¦s changing, however, the multiple change agency between CEO and CIO must go through an interact process for each other, they are sufficient building a robust trust relationship, let company¡¦s business benefits and technology benefits are really integration. This is my research why emphasize the important view that the multiple change agency CEO/CIO are need has a sufficient building robust trust relationship when organization process the information system changing.

Die zunehmende Nutzung der digitalen Medien im Rahmen des universitären Bildungsmanagements ist mit neuen Arbeitsweisen verknüpft. Dafür brauchen Hochschulmitarbeiter, Doktoranden und Studierende vielfältige Kompetenzen, die technisches Wissen und Können einschließen und im formellen Rahmen nicht vollständig abgedeckt werden können. Als Alternative zur Unterstützung durch spezialisierte Einrichtungen (wie z.B. IT-Helpdesks) bietet sich die gemeinsame Wissenskonstruktion und -kommunikation in der akademischen Wissensgemeinschaft an. Dabei stellt sich allerdings die Frage, inwieweit und unter welchen Bedingungen die mediengestützten, kulturellen Artefakte wie FAQ-Sammlungen, die diese Lernprozesse unterstützen können, von den Akteuren akzeptiert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt zunächst einen theoretischen Hintergrund der Wissenskommunikation in Wissensgemeinschaften vor. Dieser umfasst zum einen den Community of Practice-Ansatz (Lave & Wenger, 1991) und zum anderen die Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis & Davis, 2003). Daraus wird ein Forschungsmodell abgeleitet, das die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Akzeptanz von mediengestützten kulturellen Artefakten, der Partizipation in der Wissensgemeinschaft und der Bereitschaft zur Wissenskommunikation erklärt. Anschließend wird das Modell durch eine empirische Studie überprüft. Auf theoretischer Ebene trägt die Studie zur Annäherung der Medienakzeptanztheorien an die Perspektive des situierten Lernens bei. Als medienpädagogische Konsequenz bietet das Modell Ansatzpunkte zur Förderung der Wissenskommunikation in akademischen Wissensgemeinschaften.

Nesta dissertação discutiremos a produção de conhecimento através da análise de textos resultantes de pesquisas realizadas por alunos de graduação. Nossa hipótese é que estes textos apresentem indícios que permitem verificar os contornos de um modelo de investigação científica. Discutir essas características auxiliará a compreender a Pesquisa no nível de graduação. Para a análise consultamos e utilizamos autores da área da epistemologia da ciência, como Thomas Kuhn e Hugo Zemelman; da área de pedagogia como Paulo Freire e das áreas da sociologia e filosofia como Boaventura Souza Santos e Marilena Chauí. Dessa maneira pretendemos estudar quais características delineiam a Pesquisa na Graduação. Nosso corpus é constituído por Relatórios de Iniciação Científica, Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso e Artigos Publicados em Revistas por estudantes de graduação no período de 2005 a 2014, coletados por meios impressos, mídia digital, on-line. Pretendemos contribuir com este trabalho para a compreensão da prática da investigação científica na formação durante a graduação. / In this thesis we will discuss the production of knowledge through the analysis of texts which are a result of research carried out by graduate students. Our hypothesis is that these texts show evidence of monitoring the delimitations of a scientific research model. By discussing these features will help to understand the research at the undergraduate level. For the analysis we consult and use authors from the area of epistemology of science, as Thomas Kuhn and Hugo Zemelman; pedagogy as Paulo Freire and sociology and philosophy of the university as Boaventura Souza Santos and Marilena Chauí. In this way we intend to study what characteristics delineate Research on Graduation level. Our corpus consists of Undergraduate Research Reports, Course Completion Works and Papers Published in Journals by graduate students in the period 2005-2014, collected through press, digital and olie media. We intend to contribute to this work to understanding of the practice of scientific research training during graduation

Die zunehmende Nutzung der digitalen Medien im Rahmen des universitären Bildungsmanagements ist mit neuen Arbeitsweisen verknüpft. Dafür brauchen Hochschulmitarbeiter, Doktoranden und Studierende vielfältige Kompetenzen, die technisches Wissen und Können einschließen und im formellen Rahmen nicht vollständig abgedeckt werden können. Als Alternative zur Unterstützung durch spezialisierte Einrichtungen (wie z.B. IT-Helpdesks) bietet sich die gemeinsame Wissenskonstruktion und -kommunikation in der akademischen Wissensgemeinschaft an. Dabei stellt sich allerdings die Frage, inwieweit und unter welchen Bedingungen die mediengestützten, kulturellen Artefakte wie FAQ-Sammlungen, die diese Lernprozesse unterstützen können, von den Akteuren akzeptiert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt zunächst einen theoretischen Hintergrund der Wissenskommunikation in Wissensgemeinschaften vor. Dieser umfasst zum einen den Community of Practice-Ansatz (Lave & Wenger, 1991) und zum anderen die Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis & Davis, 2003). Daraus wird ein Forschungsmodell abgeleitet, das die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Akzeptanz von mediengestützten kulturellen Artefakten, der Partizipation in der Wissensgemeinschaft und der Bereitschaft zur Wissenskommunikation erklärt. Anschließend wird das Modell durch eine empirische Studie überprüft. Auf theoretischer Ebene trägt die Studie zur Annäherung der Medienakzeptanztheorien an die Perspektive des situierten Lernens bei. Als medienpädagogische Konsequenz bietet das Modell Ansatzpunkte zur Förderung der Wissenskommunikation in akademischen Wissensgemeinschaften.

Modeling the flight conditions of an aircraft that utilizes an airbreathing propulsion system necessitates a method to account for the increase in energy introduced into the flow. Current methods for modeling engines either assign fixed conditions on flat faces on the intake and exhaust through a manual process with the use of external models or attempt to model the flow through the engine within the simulation using complex and computationally expensive geometry and solvers. The method presented attempts to provide an intermediate option to model airbreathing engines through coupling the intake and exhaust boundary conditions with a parametric engine model. This enables the intake conditions within the finite volume simulation to assign the exhaust boundary conditions as the solution iterates, allowing for engines to be dynamically simulated in transient cases and for continuity in the simulation to be better maintained. This method of modeling airbreathing engines could also prove useful in nacelle optimization studies and in modeling aircraft with long engine intakes. The NASA Common Research Model and an axisymmetric nacelle geometry are used to demonstrate the functionality of the developed coupled engine model and its implementation in a finite volume solver.