abstract: Traditional deterministic reserve requirements rely on ad-hoc, rule of thumb methods to determine adequate reserve in order to ensure a reliable unit commitment. Since congestion and uncertainties exist in the system, both the quantity and the location of reserves are essential to ensure system reliability and market efficiency. The modeling of operating reserves in the existing deterministic reserve requirements acquire the operating reserves on a zonal basis and do not fully capture the impact of congestion. The purpose of a reserve zone is to ensure that operating reserves are spread across the network. Operating reserves are shared inside each reserve zone, but intra-zonal congestion may block the deliverability of operating reserves within a zone. Thus, improving reserve policies such as reserve zones may improve the location and deliverability of reserve. As more non-dispatchable renewable resources are integrated into the grid, it will become increasingly difficult to predict the transfer capabilities and the network congestion. At the same time, renewable resources require operators to acquire more operating reserves. With existing deterministic reserve requirements unable to ensure optimal reserve locations, the importance of reserve location and reserve deliverability will increase. While stochastic programming can be used to determine reserve by explicitly modelling uncertainties, there are still scalability as well as pricing issues. Therefore, new methods to improve existing deterministic reserve requirements are desired. One key barrier of improving existing deterministic reserve requirements is its potential market impacts. A metric, quality of service, is proposed in this thesis to evaluate the price signal and market impacts of proposed hourly reserve zones. Three main goals of this thesis are: 1) to develop a theoretical and mathematical model to better locate reserve while maintaining the deterministic unit commitment and economic dispatch structure, especially with the consideration of renewables, 2) to develop a market settlement scheme of proposed dynamic reserve policies such that the market efficiency is improved, 3) to evaluate the market impacts and price signal of the proposed dynamic reserve policies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2015

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T18:34:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Juanita Cu?llar Benavides.pdf: 1730831 bytes, checksum: 60e64b898b735a0f093f57bb65b49c0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T18:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Juanita Cu?llar Benavides.pdf: 1730831 bytes, checksum: 60e64b898b735a0f093f57bb65b49c0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The purpose of this work is to study the Peasant Reserve Zone (Zona de Reserva Campesina, ZRC) of the Cabrera municipality in Colombia, created in 2000. The ZRC are territories created by Law 160, 1994, their background being the peasant mobilizations during the eighties that vindicated the solution to problems related to the agrarian issue and the support to the peasant economy. They characterize for the slight presence of the State, especially by the repressive and coercive actions. In some cases, these are places with presence of armed actors and illicit crops. The ZRC constitute a rural development and agrarian reform proposal that includes an active role from the local communities. Since its enactment, through Decree 1777, 1996, six ZRC were institutionalized. The study of ZRC in Cabrera intends, in the first place, to understand the connection between a past of wars, struggles, and resistance to the access and permanence in the land during the 20th Century in the Sumapaz region, where the municipality of Cabrera is located, and the creation of the ZRC; secondly, it searches to identify the agrarian reform actions in the territory, understanding that the reservation areas seek to establish a limit to the property and correct the unequal land distribution; finally, the study aims at identifying the main progress and difficulties as from its establishment, as well as the new challenges faced by it, arising not only from the access to the land, but also from the defense of the territory and the environment. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a Zona de Reserva Camponesa (ZRC) do munic?pio de Cabrera, na Col?mbia, institu?da em 2000. As ZRC s?o territ?rios criados atrav?s da Lei n?160 de 1994 e t?m como antecedentes as mobiliza??es dos camponeses na d?cada de 1980 que reivindicavam a solu??o de problemas relacionados ? quest?o fundi?ria e o apoio ? economia camponesa. S?o territ?rios caracterizados pela presen?a diferenciada do Estado, caracterizada particularmente pelas a??es repressivas e coercitivas. Em alguns casos, s?o tamb?m lugares com presen?a de atores armados e de cultivos il?citos. As ZRC constituem uma proposta de desenvolvimento rural e de reforma agr?ria, atrav?s de um papel ativo das comunidades locais. Desde sua regulamenta??o pelo decreto n?1777 de 1996, foram institucionalizadas seis ZRC. Atrav?s do estudo da ZRC de Cabrera objetivamos, em primeiro lugar, compreender a conex?o entre o passado de guerras, lutas e resist?ncias pelo acesso e perman?ncia na terra durante o s?culo XX na regi?o de Sumapaz, onde se localiza o munic?pio de Cabrera, e a constitui??o dessa ZRC; em segundo lugar, identificar as a??es de reforma agr?ria no territ?rio, entendendo que as zonas de reserva procuram estabelecer um limite ? propriedade e corrigir a desigual distribui??o fundi?ria; e por fim, identificar os principais avan?os e dificuldades a partir da sua constitui??o, assim como os novos desafios, desde o acesso ? terra, at? a defesa do territ?rio e do meio ambiente.

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