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Recent decades have witnessed a substantial growth in mega and major sporting events paralleled by an equally dramatic competition amongst countries, towns, cities and stages that eager to host the events (Bull & Lovell, 2007:229). According to Darkey and Horn (2009:77), the hosting of international mega or major sport events in particular and their related tourism activities, presents the host country and its region with a unique opportunity to boost economic growth and social development. South Africa has been the world’s stage in hosting major and mega sports events that drew the world’s attention to this developing country of Southern Africa. The legacy of the Rugby World Cup 1995, the first mega event after the democracy in South Africa in 1994, the Cricket World Cup in 2003, the FIFA Confederations Cup 2009 and the latest FIFA World Cup 2010 are few examples of the opportunities provided by major and mega events (Jago et al., 2010:221). This study was aimed at determining the local residents’ perceptions of the impacts of the Confederations Cup 2009 within the city of Tshwane, as a host city. The data collection took place two (2) months prior to the event in 2009 and it covered nine (9) areas within Tshwane. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, and the findings indicated that in general the respondents had a neutral perception of the impacts of the Confederations Cup 2009. This study provides future event planners and managers with insight into the hosting of mega and major events in terms of local resident’s support and participation in the event.

This project was undertaken to analyze a system of computer programs developed to document and evaluate student resident experience. An eight month trial period using data from eleven second and third year Family Practice Residents provided the basis of evaluation.An analysis of usefulness of this system in the routine operation of a Family Practice Residency is made. In addition, recommendations for specific changes and improvements are presented. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

BACKGROUND: Leadership in medicine is a pertinent topic in the modern healthcare system, yet many hospitals and post-graduate programs provide little to no leadership development for resident physicians. Good clinical leadership provides improved patient outcomes and a better work environment for medical staff. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to pilot a leadership training program for residents and assess it efficacy amongst three different resident groups. METHODS: The pilot curriculum contained three main elements: 360 feedback utilizing the LOFT instrument created by Dr. Eva Aagaard, four 30-minute didactic sessions, and a personal-assessment. In preparation for the curriculum, all residents were required to take an MBTI assessment and subsequent debrief. Residents were randomized into one of four groups to receive either 360 Feedback, didactic sessions, both, or none. The LOFT instrument was designed to assess leadership skills in the clinical setting. Residents selected a minimum of two and maximum of five reviewers to fill out the evaluation before and after their rotation block. Feedback was provided by a professional consulting firm and didactic sessions were lead by University of Colorado faculty. Group size for both feedback and didactic sessions ranged from 1-6 residents. The primary outcome measured was change in LOFT score before and after rotation blocks. Secondary outcomes included change in leadership tactics assessed by the personal survey, and qualitative assessment of residents’ evaluations of feedback and didactic sessions. Cross sectional comparisons of baseline characteristics between randomization groups were made with ANOVA or chi-square. Mixed effects modeling, statistical methodology accounting for clustering by reviewer within resident groups was utilized for evaluating differences in change in evaluation score between treatment groups. RESULTS: 40 residents agreed to participate by filling out an informed consent document, and 29 completed the pilot program in its entirety. We saw an improvement in total LOFT score as well as an improvement in each domain over the course of the intervention (Total: 4.86, p<0.001, Coaching: 1.62, p=0.002, Project Management: 1.81, p<0.001, Self Control: 1.41, p<0.001). However, we saw no significant change in these scores amongst randomization group. In regards to the Self-Control domain, we saw improvement in the lowest scoring group (Q1) for those that received 360 LOFT Feedback. There was no change in the self-assessments before and after rotation block. Overall, the residents rated the curriculum favorably and found it pertinent to their clinical work. CONCLUSION: 360 Feedback on the LOFT assessment was proven to be an effective means of intervention for the lowest scoring participants. While participants found them helpful, the didactic sessions did not show any significant effect on leadership behavior. This study demonstrated overall potential for 360 Feedback using the LOFT assessment as an intervention for leadership improvement in the clinical setting. / 2019-10-31T00:00:00Z

Utah is a popular second-home destination due to its unique landscapes that offer numerous natural amenities. Therefore, this research utilizes a mail survey of residents in six Utah counties to examine if seasonal residents become attached to their local communities in the same way as year-round residents. The objective of this research was two-fold: 1) to determine if the commonly cited dimensions of community attachment are an accurate representation of the concept itself; and 2) to determine if the foundations of community attachment, based on those conceptual dimensions, are different for year-round and seasonal homeowners. Prior research has shown that length of residence is the best predictor of community attachment. Therefore, a measure of length of residence for year-round residents is used, while a proxy measure of frequency of visitation to seasonal homes is used for seasonal residents. In addition to the residency categories, traditional sociodemographics are used as control variables. Structural equation models, which allow for the use of latent variables, are utilized to complete the objectives of this research. In general, levels of attachment were highest for longstanding year-round residents. Additionally, newcomer year-round residents and seasonal residents who visit their secondary communities more often possessed attachment, but at slightly lower levels than year-round longstanding residents. Seasonal residents who visit their seasonal communities less frequently had the lowest levels of community attachment. The multivariate results revealed that a multidimensional conceptualization of community attachment is appropriate. The operationalization of the commonly cited dimensions of community attachment (social bonds, participation and sentiments) used in this research all proved to be important elements of the higher order construct "community attachment" for both year-round and seasonal residents. Finally, the results indicated that the foundations of community attachment are different for seasonal and year-round residents. For year-round residents, community attachment is best predicted by the social bonds dimension, while for seasonal residents the participation dimension is the most important. In all, however, all three of the dimensions of community attachment used herein are important, thereby indicating that any future research on this important topic would be best suited to use a multidimensional conceptualization of community attachment.

The object of this research is the exploration of the effects of planning regulations on house form and privacy in low-density single-family dwellings (villas) in the context of Saudi Arabian cities. The research explores two main issues: firstly, the importance and the effects of privacy violation between neighbouring villas through overlooking on their residents' behaviour and use of house spaces; and secondly, to investigate the residents' preferred house form. To assess these two issues practically, seven suburbs from three different cities, representing large (Riyadh), medium (Tabuk) and small (Haqil) urban centres in Saudi Arabia were selected for carrying out a questionnaire survey. The selection of these suburbs was intended to represent, as far as possible, the different social groups in Saudi Arabian society. The population of the survey was the villa residents in these suburbs, who were asked questions regarding their use of house yards and windows, and tested on their awareness of planning regulations, and the effects of these regulations on house form and degree of privacy. The respondents were also asked about their preferred house form. The results indicated that privacy is considered an important issue by residents, and the effects of privacy violation, through neighbours overlooking each others' houses, were very clearly seen on the residents' reduced use of overlooked yards, compared to those not overlooked, as well as through the construction of extra fences to block overlooking from neighbouring houses. Although the residents showed a high degree of awareness about the effects of the villa house form on the high degree of overlooking, they showed a far greater preference for living in villas rather than attached courtyard house forms. The final conclusion of the research demonstrates the failure of the present planning regulations to promote an acceptable house form that allows for a reasonably sufficient degree of privacy protection. While some research and housing schemes have promoted house forms different from that of the villa, these have proved to be unacceptable and were rejected by residents. The recommendation of the current research is that efforts to find a solution to the problem should instead focus upon means to reduce the effects or degree of privacy violation between neighbouring houses, while maintaining the popular house form of the villa.

<p> This research paper addresses the question of the urban affiliation of a suburban population. Social survey data on spatial interaction are used to determine the affiliation of Burlington residents with the Hamilton-Wentworth region and Metropolitan Toronto. A secondary objective is to study the role of urban newspaper circulation in the suburban community in relation to the other variables for measuring urban affiliation. Specific attention is given to spatial variations in urban affiliation for different sub-areas within Burlington.</p> <p> The results show Burlington residents to be more affiliated with Hamilton-Wentworth than Metropolitan Toronto. However, within Burlington, sectoral differences in affiliation emerge. The older areas of Burlington have a strong affiliation to Hamilton-Wentworth; the later developed areas have equal levels of affilation with both urban centres. Newspaper circulation, emerges as a significant indicator of urban affiliation, but is a weaker measure than several other indicators (e.g. number of trips to urban centres and number of telephone calls to urban centres). Reasons for this are postulated in the analysis and in the conclusions.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

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Study Objective: To investigate resident physician knowledge about sexual abuse prevalence and understanding about potential perpetrators. Design: Questionnaires were mailed to program directors in family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatric residency programs. Participants: The questionnaires were distributed to senior residents in their final months prior to graduation. Interventions: Residents were asked to fill out the questionnaire anonymously and return it to our institution in the prepaid envelope provided. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic characteristics and knowledge of sexual abuse prevalence and perpetrator characteristics were assessed. Chi-square contingency table analysis was used to compare responses of the three specialties. Results: The overwhelming majority (98.8%) of residents correctly identified a family member as the individual most likely to sexually abuse a child. Approximately half of the residents knew the correct prevalence of sexual abuse among females and among males. There was a weak understanding of the potential youthfulness of juvenile offenders. Conclusion: We believe that resident understanding of sexual abuse prevalence and about the youthfulness of juvenile offenders can be improved in all three specialties.

The growing trend towards community based urban regeneration schemes has prompted a number of studies examining the participation of local residents within these initiatives. This thesis is one such study, but takes a different perspective from most others, in that it specifically examines the participation of women in urban regeneration. The research adopts a longitudinal, qualitative approach in order to examine the level and depth of participation over a twelve month period in two neighbourhoods of Sheffield, which are in receipt of regeneration funding through the Single Regeneration Budget Challenge Fund. The research has three main findings. First, participation is a complex concept, which may be experienced at a number of levels (non, token, active and activist) and it changes through time. Second, local residents do not appear to be empowered through the regeneration process. Third, there are a number of barriers faced by women considering participation in their neighbourhood. The findings are used to inform the dominant paradigm of urban governance: regime theory. Integrated regime theory is proposed as a more inclusive way of exploring the governance of urban regeneration. The research also contributes to the policy debate by confirming that there is a greater need for the participation of local residents and suggests further ways in which this can be promoted.