Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 343-355). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Orientador: Simonides Consani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fugolin_AnaPaulaPiovezan_D.pdf: 4905643 bytes, checksum: 75a91fcf559fc00359be8feeeb2d2a0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Novos compósitos bulk-fill, autoadesivos e de menor contração foram desenvolvidos propondo mudanças na técnica restauradora incremental preconizada. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: 1) analisar os compósitos Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), Surefil SDR (SDR), Vertise Flow (VF), Filtek Low Shrinkage (SIL) e compará-los com o compósito convencional Z100 (Z100) quanto à contração volumétrica, tensão de contração, grau de conversão, cinética, resistência à flexão e módulo de elasticidade; 2) avaliar a profundidade de polimerização e a resistência da união à tração de cavidades de Classe II restauradas com diferentes técnicas e diversas associações de materiais submetidas à ciclagem mecânica; e 3) analisar a adaptação marginal por microscopia eletrônica de varredura de restaurações de Classe II antes e após ciclagem mecânica e resistência coesiva. No capitulo 1, a contração volumétrica foi avaliada por dilatômetro de mercúrio e bonded disc (n=5) e a tensão de contração com Bioman (n=5). O grau de conversão foi analisado com espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo (NIR) (n=5) e a cinética por meio de optical bench (n=5). Resistência à flexão e módulo de elasticidade foram mensurados em ensaio com três pontos de apoio após 10 e 60 minutos da fotoativação. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). VF apresentou os maiores valores de contração volumétrica e tensão de contração, enquanto que SIL obteve os menores. SDR apresentou a maior taxa de polimerização e os maiores valores de grau de conversão. VF apresentou os maiores valores de resistência à flexão após 10 e 60 minutos e Z100 os maiores valores de módulo de elasticidade. No capítulo 2, cavidades de Classe II ocluso-distais em terceiros molares humanos extraídos foram restauradas usando sistema adesivo convencional ¿ XP Bond (XP) ou à base de silorano (SSA) associado aos compósitos TEC, SDR, VF, SIL e Z100 inseridos por meio da técnica incremental (I) e bulk (B). Os grupos experimentais testados foram: XP-Z-B, XP-Z-I, SSA-Z-B, SSA-Z-I, XP-TEC-B, XP-TEC-I, XP-SDR-Z100, SSA-SDR-Z100, VF-Z-B e SSA-SIL-B (n=8). Metade do total das amostras foi preparada para obtenção de palitos e submetida ao teste de resistência da união à microtração após sete dias de armazenagem, enquanto outra metade foi submetida à ciclagem mecânica antes do ensaio de resistência da união. A profundidade de polimerização foi mensurada em restaurações com 4,0 mm de profundidade removidas da cavidade e submetidas ao ensaio de dureza Knoop (n=3). Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Quanto à resistência de união o grupo XP-SDR-Z apresentou os maiores valores em ambas as superfícies (oclusal e cervical) nos grupos ciclados ou não. Os menores valores foram exibidos por VF-Z-B em ambas as superfícies para os grupos não ciclados e SSA-SDR-Z para os ciclados. Em relação à profundidade de polimerização, VF apresentou a maior redução da dureza, enquanto os demais compósitos apresentaram valores de redução menores do que 20%. No capítulo 3, as cavidades de Classe II restauradas seguiram as mesmas etapas dos grupos experimentais apresentados no capítulo 2 (n=5) e foram submetidas ao ensaio de ciclagem mecânica; porém, foram previamente moldadas para obtenção de replicas para análise da integridade marginal em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As imagens foram analisadas pelo software Image J para verificar a porcentagem de fendas. Os compósitos utilizados para restaurar as cavidades foram submetidos ao teste de resistência coesiva (n=5). Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). A análise da adaptação marginal qualitativa e quantitativa mostrou alteração significativa antes e após a ciclagem mecânica apenas para todos o grupo SSA-Z-B. Os resultados de resistência coesiva mostraram que Z100, SDR e SIL apresentaram os maiores valores, seguido de TEC. VF apresentou os menores valores. Concluiu-se que os novos compósitos apresentam propriedades comparáveis e, em algumas situações, melhores quando comparado ao compósito convencional / Abstract: New bulk-fill, self-adhering and low shrinkage materials were developed and purposed significant changes in the preconized incremental restorative technique. The aims of this research were: 1) analyze the new composites represented by Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), Surefil (SDR), Vertise Flow (VF), Filtek Low Shrinkage (SIL) and compare them with the conventional composite Z100 (Z100) in relation to volumetric shrinkage, stress of polymerization, degree of conversion, kinetics, flexural strength and modulus; 2) evaluate depth of cure of different composites and microtensile bond strength of Class II cavities filled by different restorative techniques and materials association submitted to mechanical fatigue-cycling test; and 3) analyze marginal adaptation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Class II restoration before and after mechanical cycling, and ultimate tensile strength. In the charter 1, the volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by mercury dilatometer and bonded-disc techniques (n=5) and stress of polymerization by Bioman instrument (n=5). Degree of conversion was analyzed with NIR-spectroscopy (n=5) and the kinetics by the optical bench (n=5). Flexural strength and modulus were carried out using a three-point bending test after 10 and 60 minutes after photocuring. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey¿s test (5%). VF showed the highest values of volumetric shrinkage and stresses of polymerization and SIL the lowest ones. SDR obtained the highest rate of polymerization and the highest degree of conversion values. VF presented the highest values of flexural strength in both tested times, and Z100 the highest values of modulus. In the charter 2, Class II occluso-distal cavities (6 x 2 x 4 mm) in extracted human molars were restored using a etch-and-rinse adhesive system ¿ XP Bond (XP) or silorane-based (SSA) associated to TEC, SDR, VF, SIL and Z100 composites placed by incremental (I) or bulk (B) technique. The tested experimental groups were: XP-Z-B, XP-Z-I, SSA-Z-B, SSA-Z-I, XP-TEC-B, XP-TEC-I, XP-SDR-Z100, SSA-SDR-Z100, VF-Z-B e SSA-SIL-B (n=8). Half of the samples were prepared to obtain sticks and submitted to the microtensile bond strength test after 7 days of storage. The other samples were submitted to the mechanical fatigue-cycling test before the microtensile bond strength test. Depth of cure was carried out in restorations with 4.0 mm of depth, removed and submitted to Knoop hardness test (n=3). Results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey¿s test (5%). In relation to microtensile bond strength, in overall, XP-SDR-Z showed the highest values in both analyzed surfaces (occlusal and cervical) in cycling and no-cycling groups. The lowest values were exhibited by VF-Z-B in both analyzed surfaces in no-cycling groups and SSA-SDR-Z in cycling groups. In relation to depth of cure, VF obtained the lowest top-to-bottom ratio, while the other tested composites exhibited less than 20% of reduction. In the charter 3, Class II cavities were prepared following the same steps described in charter 2 (n=5) and were carried out to mechanical fatigue-cycling test. However, impressions were made before and after to obtain replicas to SEM analysis of the marginal integrity. The micrographs were analyzed by Image J software to measure the discontinuity percentage. The composites used in the cavities were submitted to the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (n=5). Results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey¿s test (5%). Marginal adaptation analysis did not show significant alteration before and after cycling for all groups except to SSA-Z-B where cracks and gaps were found in the adhesive interface. In relation to UTS results Z100, SDR and SIL showed the highest results, followed by TEC. VF exhibited the lowest values. It is possible to conclude that new composites show comparable properties and in some situation better than conventional material / Doutorado / Materiais Dentarios / Doutora em Materiais Dentários

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 T93 / Master of Science

No description available.

This research deals with the mechanical characterisation of thick composite laminates in the through-thickness direction. Three independent glass fibre/epoxy laminate configurations, namely cross, quasi-isotropic, and woven, plies were investigated. Six specimen configurations, of which two were developed herein, were employed in order to determine the strength behaviour of these three laminate configurations when subjected to interlaminar shear and interlaminar tensile stresses in isolation and in combination. The stress and strain distributions were estimated using the ABAQUS FEA package. The strain distribution obtained thereby was verified experimentally via Moirandeacute; interferometry which records the exact strain field at the test section. A two dimensional failure envelope is defined for each laminate configuration using the experimentally obtained data. All three independent laminate configurations exhibited almost identical failure envelopes. The woven laminate exhibited superior interlaminar shear strength when subjected to combined interlaminar shear and interlaminar tensile stresses, whereas the cross-ply laminate exhibited superior interlaminar tensile strength when subjected to the same combination of stress. The characteristics of the quasi-isotropic laminate were similar to that of the cross-ply laminate. A partial three dimensional failure envelope was also defined for the materials tested.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The equilibrium distribution coefficients of 42 elements [Li(I), Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Cs(I), Sc(III), Ti(IV), V(IV), V(V), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Ga(III), As(V), Y(III), Zr(IV), Nb(V), Mo(VI), Cd(II), In(III), Sn(IV), Sb(V), Ta(V), W(VI), Pb(II), Bi(III), La(III), Ce(III), Th(IV), U(VI), Co(II), Ag(I), Ge(IV),Mg(II), Sr(II), Ba(II), Tb(III), Yb(III), Cr(III) and Cu(II)] on Bio Rad AG MP-50 macroporous cation exchange resin in varying citric acid – nitric acid mixtures were successfully determined. The equilibrium distribution coefficients of these selected elements were determined in 0.1 M and 0.25 M citric acid at various concentrations of nitric acid, namely, 0.2 M, 0.5 M, and 1.0M, respectively. Two component [Mo(VI)-Y(III); Zr(IV)-La(III) and As(V)-Zn(II)] and three component [Nb(V)-Ta(V)-V(V)] elemental separations on a 10 ml AG MP-50 resin column were successfully determined to illustrate how the results of the above equilibrium distribution coefficients can be utilised. From the equilibrium distribution coefficients obtained for magnesium(II) and sodium(I), a proposal was put forward to modify the current sodium-22 production performed at iThemba LABS. While the results did not predict a possible separation between the two elements, a theory concerning the use of citric acid in the production was proven not to hold under the chosen conditions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ewewig verdelingskoëffisiënte van 42 elemente [Li(I), Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Cs(I), Sc(III), Ti(IV), V(IV), V(V), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Ga(III), As(V), Y(III), Zr(IV), Nb(V), Mo(VI), Cd(II), In(III), Sn(IV), Sb(V), Ta(V), W(VI), Pb(II), Bi(III), La(III), Ce(III), Th(IV), U(VI), Co(II), Ag(I), Ge(IV),Mg(II), Sr(II), Ba(II), Tb(III), Yb(III), Cr(III) en Cu(II)] is op Bio Rad se AG MP-50 makroporeuse kationiese uitruilerhars in verskillende sitroensuur – salpetersuur mengsels met sukses bepaal. Die verdelingskoëffisiënte is in 0.1 M en 0.25 M sitroensuur met verskillende konsentrasies van salpetersuur (0.2 M, 0.5 M en 1.0 M) bepaal. Twee-komponent [Mo(VI)-Y(III); Zr(IV)-La(III) en As(V)-Zn(II)] en drie-komponent [Nb(V)-Ta(V)-V(V)] skeidings op ’n 10 ml AG MP-50 harskolom is suksesvol bepaal om te demonstreer hoe die verdelingskoëffisiëntresultate gebruik kan word. As ’n uitvloeisel van die verdelingskoëffisiëntresultate vir Mg(II) en Na(I), is ’n voorstel ingedien om die huidige natrium-22 produksiemetode, tans in gebruik by iThemba LABS, te modifiseer. Die resultate het nie ’n skeiding tussen die twee elemente voorspel nie, maar het bewys dat ’n teorie oor die gebruik van sitroensuur in die produksie nie heeltemal korrek was onder die huidige toestande nie.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

No description available.

The effects of octadecylamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (FRGO) on the frictional and wear properties of diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy are studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer. It was observed that the addition of FRGO significantly improves the tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties of epoxy matrix. Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with octadecylamine (ODA), and then reduction of oxygen-containing functional groups was carried out using hydrazine monohydrate. The Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm significant reduction in oxygen-containing functional groups and formation of ODA functionalized reduced GO. The nanocomposites are prepared by adding 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 wt % of FRGO to the epoxy. The addition of FRGO increases by more than an order of magnitude the sliding distance during which the dynamic friction is ≤ 0.1. After this distance, the friction sharply increases to the range of 0.4 - 0.5. We explain the increase in sliding distance during which the friction is low by formation of a transfer film from the nanocomposite to the counterface. The wear rates in the low and high friction regimes are approximately 1.5 x 10-4 mm3/N·m and 5.5 x 10-4 mm3/N·m, respectively. The nanocomposites exhibit a 74 % increase in Young’s modulus with 0.5 wt. % of FRGO, and an increase in glass transition and thermal degradation temperatures.