Acinetobacter är gramnegativa bakterier som orsakar svåra nosokomiala infektioner hos immunkomprometterade och neutropena patienter. Det har rapporterats att den vanligaste smittkällan är sjukhusutrustning såsom andningsinstrument, där kolonisation av acinetobacter observerats. Av den anledningen att acinetobacter är multiresistenta mot olika antibiotikum medför det att en acinetobact infektioner blir svåra att behandla. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka acinetobactarter som orsakat bakteremi i Skåne från 2011-2019 samt undersöka vilka antibiotika de är resistenta för. Dessutom undersöktes hur stor andel av bakteremifynden som är resistenta mot betalaktamantibiotika, och vilka arter som är mest resistenta. För att artidentifiera acinetobacterna användes MALDI-TOF som analysinstrumentet. Resistensbestämningen bestämdes med E-test och diskdiffusionsmetoden, där tolv olika antibiotika testades. Resultatet visade att bland de 107 stammarna var A. Iwoffii störst då den utgjorde 31 st. Dessutom visade resultatet att majoriteten av stammarna var känsliga mot de tolv antibiotikasorterna. Bland de resistenta stammarna var de flesta av arten A. Baumannii som tidigare är kända för att vara multidrug-resistant (MDR). / Acinetobacter are gram-negative bacteria that cause severe nosocomial infections in immunocompromised and neutropenic patients. It has been reported that the most common source of infection is hospital equipment such as respiratory instruments, where colonization of acinetobacter has been observed. Due to the fact that acinetobacter is multi-resistant to various antibiotics, it makes an acinetobact infection difficult to treat. The aim of the study is to investigate which acinetobact species caused bacteremia in Skåne from 2011-2019 and to investigate which antibiotics they are resistant to. In addition, the proportion of bacteremia findings that are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics was examined, and which species are most resistant. MALDI-TOF was used to identify the species of acientobacter. Twelve different antibiotics were tested with E-test and the disc diffusion method. The results showed that among the 107 strains was A. iwoffii the largest acinetobacter species, which corresponds to 31. In addition, the results obtained showed that the majority of the strains were sensitive to the twelve types of antibiotics. Among the resistant strains were the majority of the species A. Baumannii, which are known to be multidrug resistant (MDR).

Infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria is an increasing issue inhealthcare, and development of new antimicrobial substances could contribute to combat the continued spread. Plants have historically been used in traditional medicine, have intrinsic defense mechanisms against microbes, and could therefore be a source for new antimicrobial agents. At the Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine at Linnaeus University, Kalmar, a total of 18 extracts made from 9 different combinations of Swedish-growing plants were available.The purpose of the current thesis was to investigate possible antimicrobial effects of the plant extracts in vitro, on a selection of Gram-positive (n=3) and Gram-negative (n=4) bacterial strains. Initial screening of all 18 extracts was performed with agar-based methods including agar well diffusion and direct application on inoculated agar. Detection of concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects was performed with four extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. At inhibitory concentrations, viability was estimated as colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml).Screening showed that 11 of 18 extracts affected the growth of at least one of the strains tested. Gram-positive species were affected to a greater extent than Gram-negatives. Estimation of concentration dependency showed inhibitory effects at 50 mg/l in the most potent extracts. Viability estimation revealed an average reduction for both S. aureus and E. faecalis, as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, the study showed possible antimicrobial effects of several extract-bacteria combinations, disclosing potential substances for further investigations.