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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The effects of progressive resisted exerxcises on performance-oriented mobility in persons with HIV related poly-neuropathy

Mkandla, Khumbula 19 March 2013 (has links)
Key words: Peripheral neuropathy, HIV/AIDS, Progressive resisted exercise, Performance oriented mobility, Quality of life. Background: Distal symmetrical poly-neuropathy (DSP) has emerged as one of the major neurological complication associated with HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy. People with DSP commonly have problems with pain, mobility, altered gait and balance all which affect their quality of life. While therapeutic strengthening exercise has been reported to attenuate these impairments in other co-morbid conditions like diabetes mellitus and in HIV/AIDS, there is no evidence available on the effects of exercise on DSP in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive resisted exercises (PRE) on performance oriented mobility and health related quality of life in (PLWHA) related DSP. Objectives of this study were to determine the effects of PRE on gait, balance and pain levels and establish if there is a relationship between performance-oriented mobility and health-related quality of life in PLWHA related DSP. Methods: In order to fulfil the objectives, an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted over two studies, with a combined sample of 160 participants sourced from two family care clinics at two central hospitals and ten anti-retroviral therapy dispensing municipal clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. While the experimental group with 80 participants had an intervention program of PRE sessions of one hour for the lower limbs, done twice per week over 12 weeks, the control group of 80 participants was given advice to walk unsupervised at home. Loss to follow up in this study was at 60% (n=97) and the data was analysed using an intention to treat analysis approach. Results: Participants of an average age of 42.2 years (SD=8.5) constituted of 70.6% (n=113) female participants. Combination antiretroviral therapy containing stavudine, was used by 59% (n=94) of the participants and 59% (n=94) of the participants had moderate to severe neuropathy. Proximal muscles exhibited weakness (hamstring muscles strength = 3.43 kg force (SD=1.5)) when compared to leg muscles (gastrocnemius muscles strength = 12.8 kg force (SD=2.0)). Gait and balance scores did not show differences in effect between the intervention and the control group (95%CI 0.00-0.02, p = 0.8). Similarly there were no differences of effect for muscle strength (95%CI 0.00-0.08, p=0.13-0.8) and pain (95%CI 0.0-0.06, p>0.13). However the effect on quality of life changes were significantly different between the two groups (95%CI 0.00-0.12 p= 0.04). Quality of life was positively associated with gait, odds ratio 1.01 (95%CI 1.00 – 1.04), moderately associated with balance odds ratio 0.68, (95%CI 0.52 – 0.93) negatively associated with pain odds ratio 0.98 (95%CI 0.97 – 0.99). Conclusion: This research study established that progressive resisted exercises have positive effects on the health related quality of life in PLWHA related DSP. However this study did not show a difference of the effects of progressive resisted exercises on performance oriented mobility in PLWHA related DSP when compared to advice to exercise at home. The study findings may not be generalized to all individuals living with HIV/AIDS who have DSP as the participants were from a particular demographic setting. This project may be continued at the participating family care clinics as a roll on of the perceived benefits of exercise for people with HIV related DSP.
2

Efeito do treinamento resistido na taxa de desenvolvimento de força: revisão sistemática e meta-análise / Effect of resistance training on rate of force development: systematic review and meta-analysis

Guizelini, Pedro de Camargo [UNESP] 28 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Pedro de Camargo Guizelini null (pedroguizepa@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-14T16:56:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Pedro Guizelini - Repositorio.pdf: 2007705 bytes, checksum: d596b79d35b56dca87fdf230055fb823 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-03-14T18:02:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 guizelini_pc_me_rcla.pdf: 1825856 bytes, checksum: ac375acb4fff466e5fdfa4ff2d5c2bf1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T18:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 guizelini_pc_me_rcla.pdf: 1825856 bytes, checksum: ac375acb4fff466e5fdfa4ff2d5c2bf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / A inclinação da curva força-tempo, obtida durante contrações voluntárias explosivas é definida como taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF). Como a TDF reflete a capacidade de desenvolver rapidamente força muscular, ela tem sido considerada uma importante ferramenta para a análise de performance desportiva, principalmente em esportes onde contrações explosivas e/ou ações funcionais (locomoção e manutenção do equilíbrio) são necessárias. Vários protocolos de treinamento com diferentes características (intensidade, número de series, número de repetições, duração) têm produzido melhora significante na TDF. Nesses estudos, vários mecanismos fundamentais para a melhora da TDF foram identificados. No entanto, não há clareza sobre os efeitos que diferentes aspectos do treinamento – tais como o tipo de contração, a velocidade da contração, especificidade de posição corporal entre teste e treinamento e a duração do treinamento - têm sobre a melhora da TDF. Sendo assim, esses aspectos continuam elusivos e são necessárias mais evidências. Então, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a influência do treinamento resistido na TDF em adultos. Adicionalmente, o objetivo da presente meta-análise foi investigar, através da meta regressão, os efeitos das variáveis específicas de treinamento: 1) intenção de realizar o movimento de forma explosiva, independente da velocidade; 2) tipo de treinamento; 3) especificidade; 4) duração total do treinamento na TDF. A busca sistemática na literatura foi realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas desde o início até Marco de 2017, e os estudos descrevendo o efeito do treinamento resistido na TDF em adultos saudáveis foram considerados elegíveis. Dezoito estudos relevantes foram incluídos após a revisão sistemática, compreendendo um total de 527 indivíduos saudáveis. O treinamento resistido proporcionou um efeito benéfico moderado na TDF (% mudança = 27,17, 95%LC 18,22 a 36,81, p < 0,001). O treinamento resistido realizado com ações musculares explosivas e alta velocidade de contração (i.e.,treinamento explosivo) teve um efeito superior na melhora da TDF quando comparado ao treinamento isométrico e de força. No entanto, as contrações musculares explosivas realizadas durante o treinamento de força (i.e., alta carga e baixa velocidade) e o treinamento isométrico não parecem ser capazes de induzir a uma maior melhora de TDF do que o treinamento sem contrações musculares explosivas. Assim, até o momento, ainda não é possível se identificar se a elevada TDF contrátil por si só é o principal estímulo do treinamento para a melhora da TDF na fase inicial da contração (i.e., < 100 ms). / The slope of the moment (force)-time curve recorded during explosive voluntary contractions has been defined as the rate of force development (RFD). The RFD can be measured at different time intervals from the onset of the muscle contraction, and has been classified as RFD early (< 100 ms) and RFD late (> 100 ms). Since RFD reflects the capacity to rapidly develop muscle force, it has been considered an important tool for the analysis of sports performance, specifically in explosive-type sports and functional tasks (e.g. locomotion and postural balance). Several training protocols with different characteristics (intensity, number of sets, number of repetitions, duration) have produced significant improvement in RFD. In these studies, mechanisms have been identified that are important for RFD enhancement after different resistance training protocols. However, there is no clarity about the effects of different training variables – such as contraction type, contraction speed, body position specificity between training and testing and training duration – on RFD. Therefore, these aspects remain elusive and more data is needed. Thus, the purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the general effects of resistance training on RFD in adults. Furthermore, the present meta-analysis, using meta-regression, examines how specific training variables, such as: 1) intention of performing explosive muscle actions irrespective of high velocity movements; 2) training type; 3) specificity; and 4) total training duration affect RFD. A systematic literature search on electronic databases was performed up to March 2017, and the studies describing the resistance training effect on RFD in healthy adults were considered eligible. Eighteen relevant studies were included after systematic review, comprehending a total of 527 healthy individuals. Resistance training yielded a moderate beneficial effect on RFD (% change = 27,17, 95%CI 18,22 to 36,81, p < 0,001). Resistance training performed with explosive muscle actions and high contraction velocity (i.e., explosive training) had a superior effect on RFD improvement, when compared to isometric and strength training. However, explosive muscle contractions performed during strength training (i.e., high loads and low velocity) and isometric training don’t seem to be able to induce a higher RFD improvement when compared to training without explosive muscle contractions. Thus, the actual data does not allow identifying the high contractile RFD per se, as the main training stimulus for early RFD enhancement. (i.e., < 100 ms).
3

Tirante Musculador® e meio agachamento: sessão de treinamento de força rápida e sua recuperação

Domingos, Pablo Ramon 28 July 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-05T14:32:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloramondomingos.pdf: 1334747 bytes, checksum: 7427028f3e6306db0c724acca7cc7684 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-06T11:32:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloramondomingos.pdf: 1334747 bytes, checksum: 7427028f3e6306db0c724acca7cc7684 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T11:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pabloramondomingos.pdf: 1334747 bytes, checksum: 7427028f3e6306db0c724acca7cc7684 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / O objetivo foi descrever e comparar uma sessão de treinamento de força no Tirante Musculador® (TM) com uma sessão no meio agachamento guiado (MA), e também a recuperação dos participantes após a execução de ambos exercícios. 19 voluntários de ambos os sexos (10 do feminino e 9 do masculino), com média de idade de 17,4 ± 1,5 anos (58,7 ± 9,2 kg de massa corporal; 170,1 ± 9,1 cm de estatura; 35,1 ± 11,5 mm no somatório de dobras cutâneas), atletas de atletismo. Foram realizados dez encontros. No encontro 1 foi randomizada à escolha de qual exercício seria realizado primeiro, e foram realizadas a avaliação antropométrica e o teste de 1RM de um exercício, e após 72h realizaram quatro séries de oito movimentos com 80% do 1RM (encontro 2), e a cada 24h foram realizados testes para a avaliação da recuperação, até 72h (encontros 3, 4 e 5), e para o segundo exercício todo o procedimento foi repetido (encontros de 6 a 10). Durante os encontros 2 e 7 foram realizadas coletas da EMG dos músculos vasto lateral (VL), reto femoral (RF) e vasto medial (VM) e medida a velocidade de execução dos movimentos, já para os encontros de 3 ao 5 e de 8 ao 10, foram realizadas medidas da escala de qualidade total de recuperação (QTR), de dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT), contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM), EMG do VL durante a CVIM e salto com contra movimento (SCM). Não houve diferença na EMG entre os dois exercícios (p>0,05), porém, o RF apresenta um tamanho de efeito grande (1,07), sugerindo maior participação do mesmo na execução do TM do que no MA, não encontrando diferença também entre a potência gerada no TM e no MA (p>0,05). Quando comparada a recuperação do TM com a do MA não encontramos diferença para nenhuma das variáveis medidas (p>0,05). Sendo assim, concluímos que tanto o TM, quanto o MA são bons exercícios para desenvolver a potência, e neste tipo de protocolo se recuperam rapidamente. O TM apresenta certa vantagem em relação ao MA devido às cargas externas absolutas serem menores que no MA e apresentarem respostas internas iguais. Qualitativamente, o efeito da carga aplicada parece durar mais tempo no TM do que no MA, mas, ambos acontecem na mesma magnitude, sendo assim, é necessário que novos estudos sejam realizados de maneira crônica para que se possa compreender de fato os possíveis efeitos. / The aim was to describe and compare a strength training session in the Tirante Musculador® (TM) with a session in the half squat guided (HS), and also the recovery of participants after the execution of both exercises. 19 volunteers of both sexes (10 female and 9 male), with an average age of 17.4 ± 1.5 years (58.7 ± 9.2 kg of body weight; 170.1 ± 9.1 cm stature; 35.1 ± 11.5 mm in the sum of skinfolds), track and field athletes. Ten meetings were held. On the meeting 1 was randomized to the choice of which exercise would be did first, anthropometric evaluation and the test of 1RM of exercise chosen were carried out, and after 72 hours performed four series of eight movements with 80% of 1RM (meeting 2), and every 24 hours did tests for the evaluation of recovery, until to 72 hours (3, 4 and 5 meetings) and for the second exercise the entire procedure was repeated (6 to 10 meetings). During the 2 and 7 meetings were captured electromyographic sings (EMG) of muscle which Vastus lateralis (VL), Rectus Femoris (RF) and Vastus medialis (VM) and measure the execution speed of the movements, to the meetings of 3 to 5 and 8 to 10, were collect total quality recovery scale measures (TRQ), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), maximum isometric voluntary contraction, (MIVC), EMG of the VL during the MIVC and a counter movement jump (CMJ). There was no difference in the EMG between the two exercises (p > 0.05), however, the RF features a large effect size (1.07), suggesting greater participation on implementation of TM than in HS, finding no difference also between the power generated in the TM and HS (p > 0.05). When compared to TM recovery with the HS did not find a difference to any of the variables (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that both the TM, as HS are good exercises to develop the power, and in this protocol type recover quickly. The TM presents a certain advantage when compared with the HS due to absolute external loads are smaller than in the HS and submit internal responses alike. Qualitatively, the effect of the applied load seems to last longer in TM than in MA, but both happen on the same magnitude, therefore, it is necessary that new studies be conducted in chronic way in order to understand the possible effects.
4

Efeitos agudos e crônicos do exercício combinado na pressão arterial ambulatorial em mulheres hipertensas e na pós-menopausa / Acute and chronic effects of combined exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive and postmenopausal women

Matias, Larissa Aparecida Santos 21 February 2018 (has links)
FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Introdução: A hipertensão arterial tem maior prevalência nas mulheres após a menopausa e o exercício físico tem sido considerado um importante meio alternativo de tratamento e prevenção dessa doença. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as respostas agudas e crônicas da pressão arterial ambulatorial após exercícios aeróbios e resistidos combinados. Métodos: Participaram 14 mulheres hipertensas medicadas e na pós-menopausa (58,8±1,0 anos, 27,7±1,2 Kg/m² e 7,2±1,5 anos pós a menopausa), submetidas a uma sessão aguda e ao treinamento por dez semanas com exercícios aeróbios e resistidos combinados. A sessão aguda teve duração de 45 minutos, sendo cinco de aquecimento, 20 minutos de exercício aeróbio na esteira e 20 minutos de exercício resistido, e o treinamento consistiu em 30 sessões com os mesmos exercícios. A pressão arterial foi avaliada em repouso e durante 24 horas pela Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA). A MAPA foi realizada em três momentos, sendo repouso pré treinamento (Linha base), após uma sessão aguda de exercício (Agudo) e repouso após o treinamento (Crônico). A partir dos dados da MAPA foi calculado a variabilidade da pressão arterial (VPA) e a área abaixo da curva (AUC) da pressão arterial ao longo do tempo. Resultados: A análise estatística mostrou que a AUC da PAS, PAD e PAM no momento Crônico foi menor quando comparado com o momento Linha base, porém não houve diferença entre os momentos Agudo e Linha base. A VPA da PAS, PAD e PAM reduziu no momento Agudo em relação à Linha base, porém não houve diferença entre os momentos Crônico e Linha base. Conclusão: O exercício combinado reduz a pressão arterial ambulatorial de maneira crônica, sem alteração após uma única sessão aguda. Em contrapartida, a VPA reduz após uma única sessão aguda, porém não altera de maneira crônica. / Introduction: Hypertension has a higher prevalence in postmenopausal women and physical exercise has been considered an important alternative of treatment and prevention of this disease. Objective: Verify acute and chronic responses to ambulatory blood pressure after combined aerobic and resisted exercises. Methods: Participated in 14 postmenopausal women and medicated hypertensive (58.8±1.0 years, 27.7±1.2 Kg/m² e 7.2±1.5 years post menopause), submitted to an acute session and to training for ten weeks with combined exercises. It consisted of thirty sessions lasting 45 minutes, five of warm-up, 20 minutes of aerobic exercise on the treadmill and 20 minutes of resisted exercise. Blood pressure was assessed at rest and for 24 hours by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). The ABPM was performed in three moments, being pre-training at rest (Baseline), after an acute exercise session (Acute) and rest after training (Chronic). From the ABPM data it was calculated blood pressure variability (BPV) and the area under the curve (AUC) of blood pressure. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the AUC of SBP, DBP and MBP at the time Chronic was smaller when compared to the Baseline moment, but there was no difference between the Acute and Baseline moments. The BPV of the SBP, DBP and MBP at the reduced Acute in relation to the Baseline, but there was no difference between the Chronic and Baseline moments. Conclusion: The combined exercise reduces chronic ambulatory blood pressure without change after a single acute session. In contrast, BPV reduces after a single acute session, but does not change in a chronic way. / Dissertação (Mestrado)
5

EFEITOS DO MÉTODO PILATES E DO TREINAMENTO COM PESOS NA MARCHA, NO PESO CORPORAL, NA CAPACIDADE FÍSICA FUNCIONAL E NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MULHERES OBESAS / "EFFECTS OF PILATI METHOD AND TRAINING WITH WEIGHTS IN MARCH IN BODY WEIGHT IN THE PHYSICAL FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OBESE WOMEN"

CARNEIRO, Juliana Alves 29 September 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO JULIANA final.pdf: 914732 bytes, checksum: 4abba5c4e4d951eba79ee30cd8c21463 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / The physical exercise is, currently, a means to intervene in the epidemics of obesity, helping with the weight loss, enhancing the capacity to perform daily activities and decrease the factors of risk of chronicle diseases. Objective: Assess the effectiveness of two programs of physical exercises (Pilates and weight training) and nutritional orientation, in the body weight, in the biomechanics gait, in the functional physical capacity and in the quality of life of obese women. Methodology: For twelve weeks, a group of fifteen obese women participated in a program of aerobic exercises and Pilates method and another group of fourteen obese women participated in a program of aerobic exercises and weight training. The groups participated of nutritional orientation. The exercise training lasted sixty minutes, three times a week. Were evaluated: the body weight, the body mass index (BMI), the six-minute walk test, the stand-up test, the sit-and-reach test, the SF-36(The Medical Outcomes Study 36 item) and the kinematics of the gait through recorded images and digitalized using specific software (Kwon 3D). Results: There was significant reduction of the body weight and the BMI, development in the rates of all tests of functional physical capacity and in the variables of the angular movement of the knee after twelve weeks of intervention in the two groups. The Pilates group showed significant improvement in five domains of SF-36, after twelve weeks and in the domain functional capacity between the two groups. The group trained with weights showed meaningful development in most of the space-time variables of the gait after twelve weeks. Conclusion: Both programs were effective to promote weight loss and enhance the functional physical capacity after twelve weeks. The Pilates method was more effective providing obese women with a better quality of life, mainly in the aspect of physical health. The weight training program was more effective to alter positively the kinematics variable which increased the dynamic stability of the gait of obese women after twelve weeks of intervention. / O exercício físico é atualmente um meio para intervir na epidemia de obesidade, ajudando na perda de peso, aumentando a capacidade para realizar as atividades de vida diária e diminuir os fatores de risco de doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de dois programas de exercícios físicos (Pilates e Treinamento com pesos), associado à orientação nutricional, no peso corporal, na biomecânica da marcha, na capacidade física funcional e na qualidade de vida de mulheres obesas. Metodologia: Durante 12 semanas, um grupo de 15 mulheres obesas participou de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos e método pilates e outro grupo de 14 mulheres obesas participou de um programa de exercícios aeróbicos e treinamento com pesos. Os dois grupos receberam orientação nutricional. As sessões de exercícios foram de 60 minutos, três vezes por semana. Foram avaliados: o peso corporal, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o teste da caminhada de 6 minutos, o teste de levantar-se da cadeira, o teste de sentar-e-alcançar, o SF-36 (The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item) e a cinemática de marcha através da cinemetria (kwon 3D). Resultados: Houve significativa redução do peso corporal e do IMC, significativa melhora nos índices de todos os testes de capacidade física funcional e nas variáveis do movimento angular do joelho, após 12 semanas de intervenção nos dois grupos. O grupo Pilates apresentou melhora em cinco domínios do SF-36, após 12 semanas e no domínio capacidade funcional quando os dois grupos foram comparados. O grupo treinamento com pesos apresentou melhora significativa na maioria das variáveis espaço temporais da marcha, após 12 semanas. Conclusão: Os dois programas avaliados promoveram a perda de peso e aumentaram a capacidade física funcional das mulheres obesas, após 12 semanas. O método Pilates foi mais efetivo para aumentar a qualidade de vida, principalmente no aspecto da saúde física. O programa que incluiu o treinamento com pesos foi mais efetivo para alterar positivamente os parâmetros cinemáticos que aumentaram a estabilidade dinâmica de marcha de mulheres obesas, após a intervenção.

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