Background: In health care children often undergo diagnostic and therapeutic painful procedures. Venous sampling, lumbar puncture (back fluid test), needle insertion into venous port, and redressing of wounds are some examples that children may be exposed to. There are several methods to alleviate procedure-related pain, such as general anesthesia and local anesthesia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to map if nitrous oxide administration in painful procedures such as lumbar puncture, needle insertion into venous port, intramuscular injections and gastrostomy button exchange, provides adequate pain relief and sedation and reduces anxiety and fear during these procedures. Method: A total of 92 protocols were reviewed in terms of evaluating the children´s experience of pain, anxiety and fear before and after the painful procedure. The children were divided into groups according to procedure. The study has descriptive, quantitative and retrospective design. Results: The study shows that nitrous oxide can be a good method to reduce experience of pain, anxiety and fear during painful procedures in children with cancer. In painful procedures where the pain remains after the procedure is completed, it has become clear that further pain alleviation may be needed. Most of the children were prepared to use nitrogen oxide in forthcoming painful procedures. Conclusion: Nitrous oxide is an alternative in all types of procedure-related pain. The results show, that nitrous oxide is not suitable for all children and that some procedures may need supplementary pain relief afterwards.

Bakgrund: Anestesisjuksköterskan ansvarar för att identifiera när ett förlopp avviker från det normala i den perioperativa vården. Tidigare studier visar att explorativ laparotomi har hög förekomst av allvarliga komplikationer och 30-dagarsmortalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka korrelation mellan preoperativa variabler och förekomst av allvarliga komplikationer hos vuxna patienter som genomgår akut explorativ laparotomi på en operationsavdelning. Syftet var även att undersöka korrelation mellan preoperativa variabler och mortalitet hos vuxna patienter som genomgår akut explorativ laparotomi på en operationsavdelning. Metod: Studien var en retrospektiv registerstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Registerdata innehållande pre-, intra- och postoperativa uppgifter om 387 patienter som genomgått explorativ laparotomi, inhämtades från Provisio för åren 2019–2021. Datamatris skapades utifrån Clavien-Dindos komplikationsklassifikation. Materialet analyserades med beskrivande statistik, Spearmans rho och multipel linjär korrelationsanalys. Huvudresultat: Allvarliga komplikationer förekom hos 33,6% av patienterna. 9,6% av patienterna avled inom 30-dagar. ASA-klass var statistiskt signifikant korrelerat till allvarliga komplikationer (p: <0,001). Ålder (p:<0,001), ASA-klass (p: <0,001) och prioritetsnivå till operation (p: 0,049) var statistiskt signifikant korrelerat till 30-dagarsmortalitet. Slutsats: Explorativ laparotomi är en allvarlig operation som i de flesta fall utförs på redan svårt sjuka patienter. Anestesisjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i optimeringen av den intraoperativa omvårdnaden. Alla människor har rätt till god evidensbaserad vård och det finns utvecklingspotential vid explorativ laparotomi. / Background: The nurse anesthetist is responsible for identifying when a course of care deviates from the normal in perioperative care. Previous studies show that exploratory laparotomy has a high incidence of severe complications and 30-day mortality. Aim: The aim was to investigate correlation between preoperative variables and the presence of severe complications in adult patients undergoing acute exploratory laparotomy in an operating department. The aim was also to investigate correlation between preoperative variables and mortality in adult patients undergoing acute exploratory laparotomy in an operating department. Method: The study was a retrospective registry study with a quantitative approach. Registry data containing pre-, intra- and postoperative data on 387 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy were obtained from Provisio for the years 2019–2021. A data matrix was created based on Clavien-Dindo's classification of complications. The material was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman's rho and multiple linear correlation analysis. Result: Severe complications occurred in 33.6% of patients. 9.6% of patients died within 30 days. ASA class was statistically significantly correlated to severe complications (p:<0.001). Age (p:<0.001), ASA class (p: <0.001) and priority level to surgery (p: 0.049) were statistically significantly correlated to 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Exploratory laparotomy is a serious operation that in most cases is performed on already severely ill patients. The nurse anesthetist has a significant role in the optimization of intraoperative nursing. All people have the right to good evidence-based care and there is development potential in exploratory laparotomy.