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O aumento do consumo e a geração de resíduos e as novas propostas de desenvolvimento de conceitos e práticas de sustentabilidade fizeram com que a sociedade passasse a refletir sobre tais eventos, colocando em discussão o ciclo de vida dos produtos. Neste contexto, o conceito de logística reversa (LR) se desenvolveu, principalmente quanto ao aspecto econômico. Mas, sendo este conceito fundamentado ao da sustentabilidade, torna-se importante acompanhar as práticas, inclusive quanto aos efeitos sociais e ambientais. Atrelado a isso e a dois outros fatores: i) o fato de que alguns trabalhos identificaram que processos de LR nem sempre garantem melhorias econômicas para a empresa, sendo que o efeito econômico estava relacionado aos fatores intrínsecos do processo, e que ii) o Pet é um dos materiais de fácil acesso pela população, ocasionando um grande volume de resíduos de longa decomposição; o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais decisões sobre os fatores inerentes a um processo produtivo envolvendo LR de Ref Pet são capazes de impactar na sustentabilidade do mesmo. Neste sentido, a proposta volta-se para o desenvolvimento de um modelo que permita analisar os benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais, com base em informações do processo, de modo que a empresa possa acompanhar e melhorar o equilíbrio deste tripé em seu processo produtivo, buscando garantir ou identificar necessidades de mudanças para alcançar a sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento do modelo deu-se por meio da revisão bibliográfica e do estudo exploratório realizado em uma indústria de refrigerantes, permitindo conhecer em detalhes o processo de logística reversa de Ref Pet. Esta etapa foi fundamental para a definição dos inputs, subindicadores e indicadores que formaram os três índices: econômico, social e ambiental. A transformação dos indicadores em índices ocorreu por meio da técnica de análise fatorial, sendo que, depois de finalizado o modelo procedeu-se com análise de sensibilidade, a qual permitiu identificar o fator intrínseco ao processo mais representativo para cada índice. Demonstrou-se que, com este modelo a empresa pode simular cenários de decisão, identificando o impacto que eles trarão para a sustentabilidade do processo produtivo, uma vez que é permitido identificar qual a sensibilidade de cada índice frente aos fatores inerentes ao processo. Assim, a empresa pode tomar decisões visando o equilíbrio econômico, social e ambiental em seu negócio buscando ações para mantê-lo, exercendo papel importante na sociedade. Portanto, o modelo proposto pode auxiliar uma empresa na identificação do impacto de seu processo de logística reversa nos três índices, acompanhando a evolução e tomando medidas para melhorá-los. Ademais, permite analisar a sensibilidade da sustentabilidade do processo quando das variações dos inputs. Finalmente, o estudo traz detalhamentos sobre as especificidades de um processo de logística reversa de Ref PET, capaz de contribuir para a literatura e para os próximos estudos nesta linha. / The increased consumption, and waste generation, and the new proposals of development concepts, and sustainability practices have caused society to reflect about these events, inciting discussions regarding the life cycle of these products. In this context, the reverse logistics concept (RL) was developed referring mainly to the economic aspect. But, considering that the RL concept is based on sustainability, it is important to monitor the practices including those that concern social and environmental effects. Connecting to this and to two other factors: i) the fact that some studies have identified that RL processes does not always guarantee economic improvements for the company, whereas economic effect was related to intrinsic factors in the process, and ii) Pet is easily accessible by the population, resulting in large amounts of long decomposition waste; the objective of this research was to identify which decisions regarding inherent factors in the production process involving RL Returnable PET Bottles can impact sustainability. In this sense, the proposal is aimed to the development of a model to analyze the economic, social and environmental benefits, based on information from the process, so that the company can monitor and improve the balance of this tripod in its production process, seeking to guarantee or identify changing needs to achieve sustainability. The development of the model occurred by means of literature review and exploratory study in a soft drink industry, which allowed knowing in detail the process of Returnable PET Bottles involving RL. This step was fundamental in order to define the inputs, indicators and sub-indicators that formed the three indices: economic, social and environmental. The transformation of the indicators into indices was obtained by applying technique of factor analysis, and, after the finalization of the model, sensitivity analysis was conducted, which allowed identifying the most representative intrinsic factor in the process for each index. Therefore, demonstrating with this model that the company can simulate scenarios for decision, identifying the impact they will bring upon the sustainability of the production process. Since it is possible to identify the sensitivity of each index compared to the inherent factors in the process. Thereby, the company can take decisions seeking economic, social and environmental balance in their business, seeking actions to maintain, performing an important role in society. Thus, the proposed model can assist a company in identifying the impact of their reverse logistics process in the three indices, monitoring the evolution and taking steps to improve them. Furthermore, the model allows analyzing the sensitivity of the sustainability of the process in the case of input variations. Finally, the study brings more details on the specific characteristics of a Reverse Logistics process of Returnable PET Bottles, contributing to the literature and future studies in this research line.

The increased use of returnable packaging have given rise to the trend of packaging logistics.The operation of returnable packaging is challenging for global companies due to thecomplexity in the process and information flows. Companies invest in returnable packagingsystems in order to ensure quality throughout the supply chain. Despite the large investments inan returnable packaging fleet, it is often poorly controlled, leading to vast tied-up capital andshrinkage.This thesis proposes how the visibility and control of the system is affected by thecategorization of packaging and the allocation of responsibilities throughout the packaginghandling process. Theoretical and empirical studies were carried out, the theoretical part helpeddefine the problem. A case study were performed at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, Sweden.Results of this study shows that categorization of packaging is not sufficient to attain a suitablelevel of control in an packaging handling process. Although it could be used as a supporting orgoverning documents for standardization in the process. Findings showed that theresponsibilities in the process should be centralized in as large extent as possible. Although ifthe current process is lacking visibility and control, the benefits of centralized control may belost.

O aumento do consumo e a geração de resíduos e as novas propostas de desenvolvimento de conceitos e práticas de sustentabilidade fizeram com que a sociedade passasse a refletir sobre tais eventos, colocando em discussão o ciclo de vida dos produtos. Neste contexto, o conceito de logística reversa (LR) se desenvolveu, principalmente quanto ao aspecto econômico. Mas, sendo este conceito fundamentado ao da sustentabilidade, torna-se importante acompanhar as práticas, inclusive quanto aos efeitos sociais e ambientais. Atrelado a isso e a dois outros fatores: i) o fato de que alguns trabalhos identificaram que processos de LR nem sempre garantem melhorias econômicas para a empresa, sendo que o efeito econômico estava relacionado aos fatores intrínsecos do processo, e que ii) o Pet é um dos materiais de fácil acesso pela população, ocasionando um grande volume de resíduos de longa decomposição; o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais decisões sobre os fatores inerentes a um processo produtivo envolvendo LR de Ref Pet são capazes de impactar na sustentabilidade do mesmo. Neste sentido, a proposta volta-se para o desenvolvimento de um modelo que permita analisar os benefícios econômicos, sociais e ambientais, com base em informações do processo, de modo que a empresa possa acompanhar e melhorar o equilíbrio deste tripé em seu processo produtivo, buscando garantir ou identificar necessidades de mudanças para alcançar a sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento do modelo deu-se por meio da revisão bibliográfica e do estudo exploratório realizado em uma indústria de refrigerantes, permitindo conhecer em detalhes o processo de logística reversa de Ref Pet. Esta etapa foi fundamental para a definição dos inputs, subindicadores e indicadores que formaram os três índices: econômico, social e ambiental. A transformação dos indicadores em índices ocorreu por meio da técnica de análise fatorial, sendo que, depois de finalizado o modelo procedeu-se com análise de sensibilidade, a qual permitiu identificar o fator intrínseco ao processo mais representativo para cada índice. Demonstrou-se que, com este modelo a empresa pode simular cenários de decisão, identificando o impacto que eles trarão para a sustentabilidade do processo produtivo, uma vez que é permitido identificar qual a sensibilidade de cada índice frente aos fatores inerentes ao processo. Assim, a empresa pode tomar decisões visando o equilíbrio econômico, social e ambiental em seu negócio buscando ações para mantê-lo, exercendo papel importante na sociedade. Portanto, o modelo proposto pode auxiliar uma empresa na identificação do impacto de seu processo de logística reversa nos três índices, acompanhando a evolução e tomando medidas para melhorá-los. Ademais, permite analisar a sensibilidade da sustentabilidade do processo quando das variações dos inputs. Finalmente, o estudo traz detalhamentos sobre as especificidades de um processo de logística reversa de Ref PET, capaz de contribuir para a literatura e para os próximos estudos nesta linha. / The increased consumption, and waste generation, and the new proposals of development concepts, and sustainability practices have caused society to reflect about these events, inciting discussions regarding the life cycle of these products. In this context, the reverse logistics concept (RL) was developed referring mainly to the economic aspect. But, considering that the RL concept is based on sustainability, it is important to monitor the practices including those that concern social and environmental effects. Connecting to this and to two other factors: i) the fact that some studies have identified that RL processes does not always guarantee economic improvements for the company, whereas economic effect was related to intrinsic factors in the process, and ii) Pet is easily accessible by the population, resulting in large amounts of long decomposition waste; the objective of this research was to identify which decisions regarding inherent factors in the production process involving RL Returnable PET Bottles can impact sustainability. In this sense, the proposal is aimed to the development of a model to analyze the economic, social and environmental benefits, based on information from the process, so that the company can monitor and improve the balance of this tripod in its production process, seeking to guarantee or identify changing needs to achieve sustainability. The development of the model occurred by means of literature review and exploratory study in a soft drink industry, which allowed knowing in detail the process of Returnable PET Bottles involving RL. This step was fundamental in order to define the inputs, indicators and sub-indicators that formed the three indices: economic, social and environmental. The transformation of the indicators into indices was obtained by applying technique of factor analysis, and, after the finalization of the model, sensitivity analysis was conducted, which allowed identifying the most representative intrinsic factor in the process for each index. Therefore, demonstrating with this model that the company can simulate scenarios for decision, identifying the impact they will bring upon the sustainability of the production process. Since it is possible to identify the sensitivity of each index compared to the inherent factors in the process. Thereby, the company can take decisions seeking economic, social and environmental balance in their business, seeking actions to maintain, performing an important role in society. Thus, the proposed model can assist a company in identifying the impact of their reverse logistics process in the three indices, monitoring the evolution and taking steps to improve them. Furthermore, the model allows analyzing the sensitivity of the sustainability of the process in the case of input variations. Finally, the study brings more details on the specific characteristics of a Reverse Logistics process of Returnable PET Bottles, contributing to the literature and future studies in this research line.

Abstract Problem Little research has been conducted on how packaging and returnable packaging are managed within suppliers in the Scandinavian automotive supply chain. Sources also propose that returnable packaging is dealt with inefficiently within the automotive suppliers.    Purpose The purpose of the thesis is to explore and analyze how packaging and returnable packaging are managed within suppliers in the ASC. It also aims to identify perceived important factors for efficient returnable packaging management from the perspective of suppliers, sub-suppliers and OEMs. Method The research is based on a holistic single case study. Further, it adopts the inductive approach and exploratory purpose. Data collection is facilitated by qualitative methods, using ten semi-structured interviews and four on-site observations. Conclusion Packaging was found to be managed somewhat differently in the internal, outbound and inbound flows. Non-returnable and returnable packaging was found used in all flows at different ratios. Further, several factors were regarded important for efficient returnable packaging management. These were found specific for the internal, outbound and inbound flows and further divided into fundamental and efficiency factors.

Diploma thesis deals with analysis of the packaging system of a company with focus on beverages industry. Retrunable and non-returnable packaging is a frequently discussed topic at present, especially in connection with beverages industry -- this work reflects a new phenomenon of beer being bottled into PET bottles and glass returnable bottles, which are not interchangeable among breweries any more. First part presents theoretical background for analysis of logistic costs; there are identified packaging functions, basic materials and legislation. Second part inspects logistic costs with focus on transportation, warehousing, packaging and reverse logistics costs.

My master thesis deals with the processes of empty packaging in GEFCO company. The goal is to analyze these processes and propose solutions that the company would bring cost savings and optimization of the flows. In the theoretical part I define returnable packaging, their functions, types, trends and compare different logistic providers. The practical part is about GEFCO focusing on the Czech branch and its processes with returnable packaging

This thesis focuses on specific forms of long term development stabilization by using returnable incomes in Czech municipalities of various sizes. Stabilization is appropriate when unexpected (negative) events may occur, when assuring continuity of investment activities, or financing extensive development projects. Traditional form of Keynesian countercyclical stabilization has not been confirmed on analyzed municipalities. Conversely, fiscal and budgetary behavior of the municipalities has been procyclical. The author points out the necessity of stabilization on the municipal level due to a long term non-conceptual fiscal policy of the Czech government.

The diploma thesis is focused on analyzing the range of suppliers in the IFE - CR, according to the used methods for finding the suitable candidates for implementing a returnable packaging. Apart from there are identify the materials, which could be used for reversible covers. The part of thesis is the proposal of covers and their economic evaluation and comparison with actual using containers. For getting the advantage of introducing the returnable packaging, the payback time of the project is determined. The characteristics of including area such as logistics, supply chain, production and used methods of analysis are part of the diploma thesis.

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