O reúso de software enfrenta inúmeras barreiras gerenciais, técnicas e culturais na sua adoção, e a definição da estrutura de ativos reutilizáveis de software é uma dessas barreiras técnicas. Para solucionar isso, o Reusable Asset Specification (RAS) é um padrão de facto proposto pela OMG. Uma especificação como o RAS define e padroniza um modelo de ativos (assets) reutilizáveis, e é a base para a construção e para o uso de um repositório de ativos que apoia a reutilização de software. No entanto, para ser adotado na prática, o RAS necessita resolver suas lacunas através da sua extensão e da definição de informações complementares. Essas lacunas estão detalhadas neste trabalho. Solucionando estas lacunas, o RAS torna-se útil para auxiliar efetivamente na padronização do empacotamento dos ativos reutilizáveis e para guiar a estrutura do repositório de reutilização de software. Alguns trabalhos anteriores já responderam parcialmente essa questão, porém eles atendiam propósitos muito específicos, não possuíam uma ferramenta de apoio ou não haviam sido avaliados em contexto real de (re)uso. Esse trabalho propõe o Software Profile RAS (SW-RAS), uma extensão do Profile de componentes do RAS, que propõe soluções para diversas de suas lacunas, incluindo informações úteis e artefatos relevantes apontados na literatura, baseados em outros modelos de ativos reutilizáveis, em outras extensões do RAS e na experiência do processo de reúso no desenvolvimento de software. Particularmente, o SW-RAS estende as categorias de classificação, solução, uso e ativos relacionados, cujos detalhes estão descritos no texto. Visando à experimentação da proposta através de um estudo de caso, desenvolveu-se o Lavoi, um repositório de ativos reutilizáveis baseado no SW-RAS, que foi avaliado num ambiente real de reutilização e desenvolvimento de software de uma grande companhia pública de TI. Uma descrição deste processo de avaliação em um contexto real é também apresentada neste trabalho. A principal contribuição desta dissertação é a proposta, a avaliação e a consolidação de uma extensão do RAS que atende várias de suas lacunas e é suportada por uma ferramenta de software livre. / The software reuse faces numerous managerial, technical and cultural barriers in its adoption, and the definition of the structure of reusable software assets is one of these technical barriers. To solve this, the Reusable Asset Specification (RAS) is a de facto standard proposed by OMG. A specification such as the RAS defines and standardizes a reusable asset model, and it is the foundation for the construction and for the use of an asset repository that supports the software reuse. However, for being adopted in the practice, the RAS needs to solve its lacks through its extension and the definition of complementary information. These lacks are detailed in this work. Solving these lacks, the RAS becomes useful to help effectively in the standardization of packaging reusable assets and to guide the structure of the software reuse repository. Some previous works have already partially answered this question, but they attended very specific purposes, did not have a support tool or have not been evaluated in a real context of (re)use. This work proposes the Software Profile RAS (SW-RAS), an extension of the component Profile of RAS, which proposes solutions for its various lacks, including useful information and relevant artifacts pointed out in the literature, based on other reusable asset models, on other RAS extensions and on the experience in the reuse process at software development. Particularly, the SW-RAS extends the categories of classification, solution, usage and related assets, whose details are described in the text. Aiming at the experimentation of the proposal through a case study, the Lavoi was developed, a reusable asset repository based on the SW-RAS, which is was evaluated in a real environment of reuse and software development of a large public IT company. A description of this evaluation process in real context is also presented in this work. The main contribution of this dissertation is the proposal, the evaluation and the consolidation of an extension of RAS that addresses several of its lacks and is supported by a free software tool.

In this work the conditions for which a (0,90,90,0,0,90)s BMI-carbon fiber laminate will initiate transverse microcracking are determined for the fabrication of a cryogenic fuel tank for use in a Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). This is accomplished using a quadratic interaction criterion failure analysis on the total stress state at possible launch conditions. There are three major sources of stress, that is, thermal residual stress, internal pressure stress, and applied load stress, that are evaluated at the launch stage to determine the total stress state. To assess the accuracy of the analysis the well known X-33 cryogenic fuel tank failure was analyzed as an example. The results of the X-33 example show that the analysis accurately portrays the failure of the X-33 and provides evidence that the analysis can be used to provide reliable conditions for the initiation of microcracking. The final result of this study is a range of launch conditions that can be used without the initiation of microcracking and a limiting range of conditions that cause complete microcracking throughout the laminate.

On May 2011, the Environmental Protection Administration launched a policy to cut the use of disposable cups. This policy obliges non-alcoholic beverage stores to give customers incentives for bringing their own cups or recycling disposable cups. Because college students often buy take-out non-alcoholic beverage, this study aimed to explore how psychological variables might affect their intent to bringing their own cups. Results from this study may provide some suggestions for the policy above. This study started with a focus group interview with 31 college students. This interview gave me a preliminary understanding of students¡¦ intent to bring their own cups and the related psychological factors. I then combined the findings from this interview and literature review to design the framework and questionnaire for this study. Following Kotler and Lee¡¦s (2008) concept of social marketing, the questionnaire was mainly designed to assess five variables: policy incentive, benefit of bringing own cups, cost of bringing own cups, convenience in buying cups, and convenience in washing cups. A convenience sample of 197 students in National Sun Yat-sen University participated. The results suggest the higher the profit or the lower the cost for bringing own cups, the stronger will be students¡¦ intent to do so. However, the other three variables had no significant effect. In addition, the analysis showed female students were more intended to bring their own cups than male students did. Students from different departments also differed in their intent, but the differences were small. Based on these findings, several policy recommendations were proposed.

Because software development is increasingly expensive and timeconsuming, software reuse gains importance. Aspect-oriented software development modularizes crosscutting concerns which enables their systematic reuse. Literature provides a number of AOP patterns and best practices for developing reusable aspects based on compelling examples for concerns like tracing, transactions and persistence. However, such best practices are lacking for systematically reusing invasive aspects. In this paper, we present the ‘callback mismatch problem’. This problem arises in the context of abstraction mismatch, in which the aspect is required to issue a callback to the base application. As a consequence, the composition of invasive aspects is cumbersome to implement, difficult to maintain and impossible to reuse. We motivate this problem in a real-world example, show that it persists in the current state-of-the-art, and outline the need for advanced aspectual composition mechanisms to deal with this.

In this work the conditions for which a (0,90,90,0,0,90)s BMI-carbon fiber laminate will initiate transverse microcracking are determined for the fabrication of a cryogenic fuel tank for use in a Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). This is accomplished using a quadratic interaction criterion failure analysis on the total stress state at possible launch conditions. There are three major sources of stress, that is, thermal residual stress, internal pressure stress, and applied load stress, that are evaluated at the launch stage to determine the total stress state. To assess the accuracy of the analysis the well known X-33 cryogenic fuel tank failure was analyzed as an example. The results of the X-33 example show that the analysis accurately portrays the failure of the X-33 and provides evidence that the analysis can be used to provide reliable conditions for the initiation of microcracking. The final result of this study is a range of launch conditions that can be used without the initiation of microcracking and a limiting range of conditions that cause complete microcracking throughout the laminate.

The increased use of returnable packaging have given rise to the trend of packaging logistics.The operation of returnable packaging is challenging for global companies due to thecomplexity in the process and information flows. Companies invest in returnable packagingsystems in order to ensure quality throughout the supply chain. Despite the large investments inan returnable packaging fleet, it is often poorly controlled, leading to vast tied-up capital andshrinkage.This thesis proposes how the visibility and control of the system is affected by thecategorization of packaging and the allocation of responsibilities throughout the packaginghandling process. Theoretical and empirical studies were carried out, the theoretical part helpeddefine the problem. A case study were performed at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, Sweden.Results of this study shows that categorization of packaging is not sufficient to attain a suitablelevel of control in an packaging handling process. Although it could be used as a supporting orgoverning documents for standardization in the process. Findings showed that theresponsibilities in the process should be centralized in as large extent as possible. Although ifthe current process is lacking visibility and control, the benefits of centralized control may belost.

Los patrones de usabilidad son un aspecto central en el desarrollo de software, pues estos son los encargados de sentar las bases de un conjunto de principios validados y establecidos para la creación de una apropiada interfaz de usuario. En este sentido el esfuerzo por desarrollar un modelo de patrones de usabilidad esta justificado y permite sumar una instancia mas al proceso de automatización en el desarrollo de software. En esta tesis doctoral se propone un mecanismo que ha evolucionado desde los patrones hasta una arquitectura de usabilidad, detallando el proceso evolutivo que ha llevado el mismo, define en detalle el patrón de usabilidad UNDO/REDO y construye los cimientos para extender este modelo a otros patrones de usabilidad. / Usability patterns are a central aspect of software development, as these are responsible for laying the foundations of a set of validated and established principles for creating an appropriate user interface. In this sense the effort to develop a model of usability patterns is justified and can then add another instance to process automation in software. This PhD thesis proposes a mechanism that has evolved from an architecture patterns to usability, detailing the evolutionary process that has led it defines in detail the usability pattern UNDO/REDO and builds the foundation for extending this model to other usability patterns. / La tesis contó con la doble dirección de la Dr. Patricia Pesado (UNLP) y del Prof. Oscar Dieste (UPM).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-187).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-187)

The integration and use of superhydrophobic surfaces to microfluidic systems were investigated in this work. Superhydrophobic surfaces are believed to have the ability to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of a microchannel, reduce the risk of clogging due to reduced liquid contact with the microchannel walls and reduce the losses in a microfluidic system. Two superhydrophobic surfaces with different fabrication methods were evaluated. It was found that fabrication methods that add material to the microchannel walls do not work well in microchannels. Methods that instead transform a present surface are more suitable for a microfluidic system. To visualize the superhydrophobic surfaces an AFM and SEM were used. By combining the information a good picture of the superhydrophobic surfaces where sometimes achieved. To investigate the impact of the superhydrophobic surfaces, two different designs of microchannels were created on silicon wafers and compared with microchannels created in polydimethylsiloxane. One design used straight channels and the other aimed to maximize the resistance reduction by patterning the walls of the microchannel. Due to manufacturing issues only the straight channels were evaluated, where it was found that superhydrophobic surfaces can increase the flow rate of a microfluidic system. However, the result was not reproduced easily. The reason is currently unknown but believed to originate from flaws in the manufacturing process. A simple version of a device that uses superhydrophobic surfaces to seal microfluidic systems was successfully used and reused. A device with a more refined design could offer the ability to create microfluidic systems with detachable lids. Finally, to further increase the availability of the properly created superhydrophobic surface an alternative functionalization step should be found.